Search Results

We are driven by the purpose of creating value and generating impact for our clients. Helping businesses to achieve its goals and building better future. Available for SAP FI/CO Projects Greenfields, Rollouts, Improvements, POCs and Upgrades As Consultant, SME, Team Leader or Solution Architect New technologies like S/4 HANA are preferable Download CV Availability Phone SAP S/4 HANA FI 1909 SAP Design Thinking Deloitte Lean Six Sigma Belt SAP S/4 HANA FI 1909 1/6 I'm SAP S/4 FICO Solution Architect with 18+ years of experience in implementation and business integration, fitment and fulfillment for big sized projects with high complexity, able to implement and solve mission-critical business challenges. I have a full resume with successful delivered projects by providing skilled technical consulting and custom training. Years of Experience Finance 18 Years ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Controlling 18 Years ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Material Ledger 18 Years ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ CO-PC 18 Years ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ CO-PA 18 Years ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Cash Mgnt 18 Years ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Credit Mgnt 10 Years ▇▇▇▇▇ Tax 14 Years ▇▇▇▇▇▇ FM 04 Years ▇▇▇▇ ABAP 03 Years ▇▇▇ CFIN 03 Years ▇▇▇ FI-CA 01 Years ▇ Retail 04 Years ▇▇▇▇ Number of Projects Full Lifecycle 05 Prjs ▇▇▇▇▇ S/4 HANA 07 Prjs ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Greenfield 06 Prjs ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Rollout 10 Prjs ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Improvements 09 Prjs ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Blueprints 02 Prjs ▇ QA 02 Prjs ▇▇ PoC 01 Prj ▇ Upgrades 01 Prj ▇ Industry Sectors Agribusiness 03 Prjs ▇▇▇ Automotive 01 Prj ▇ Beverage 02 Prjs ▇▇ Biotech 01 Prj ▇ Chemical 06 Prjs ▇▇▇▇▇ Cons. Goods 01 Prj ▇ Finance 01 Prj ▇ Food 02 Prjs ▇▇ Healthcare 01 Prj ▇ Manufacture 03 Prjs ▇▇▇ Media 01 Prj ▇ Mining 01 Prj ▇ Oil & Gas 01 Prj ▇ Paper 01 Prj ▇ Pharma 04 Prjs ▇▇▇▇ Metals 01 Prj ▇ Public Sector 01 Prj ▇ Retail 03 Prjs ▇▇▇ Tech. / Serv. 03 Prjs ▇▇▇ My Mission To help companies run SAP better Improving processes, running cost-effective solutions and creating value Applying best practices and bringing the system back to standard Consultancies in my Portfolio Accenture | Capgemini | Cast Group | Deloitte | Engineering | Everis | EY | iGate | Infosys | PwC | SAP Integration Skills Integration with MM, SD, PP, PS, QM, PM, BW/BI, PI/PO and PLM cProjects, to design architectural solutions in SAP and also legacy systems. Solution Skills SAP Solutions for Tax Engine, Country versions, Revenue Recognition, Legal statements, Bank communication and Consolidation. Data Migration Data Collection / Data Cleansing / Data Transformation / Data Migration SAP CFIN Central Finance Transformation LSMW Legacy System Migration (accelerated with embedded ABAP code) LMTC Legacy Transfer Migration Cockpit Industry Solutions Agribusiness | Aerospace | Automotive | Beverage | Biotechnology | Chemical | Consumer Goods | Finance | Food | Fracking | Health Care | Manufacture | Media | Metals & Mining | Oil & Gas | Precious Metals | Public Sector | Paper & Cellulose | Pharmaceutical | Retail | Services | Technology | Telecommunication SAP IS-Solutions SAP PSCD Public Sector Collection and Disbursement | SAP FI-CA Contract Accounting | SAP POS-DM (Retail) Point of Sale Data Management Education 2016 MBA Strategic Management in Information Technology FGV 2015 Alumni Program Technology, Organizations and Innovation MIT 2015 Bachelor’s Degree Economics (Leave of Absence) Paulista University 2011 Bachelor’s Degree Accounting Paulista University 2004 Bachelor’s Degree Business Administration Mackenzie University Certification 2021 Design Thinking [+] SAP Certified Associate Design Thinking SAP 2020 SAP S/4 FI [+] SAP S/4 HANA 1909 for Financial Accounting Associates SAP 2013 ITIL [+] ITIL v3 Foundation Certification EXIN 2012 COBIT COBIT 4.1 Foundation Certification ISACA 2009 Lean/Six Sigma Lean/Six Sigma Certification (Yellow Belt) Deloitte 2008 SAP FI SAP ECC 6.0 for Financial Accounting Associates SAP Qualifications and Professional Activities 2020 Agile Agile with Jira (SCRUM and KANBAN) Coursera 2020 SAP TRM SAP TRM Tax and Revenue Management Capgemini 2020 SAP PSCD SAP PSCD Public Sector Collection and Disbursement Capgemini 2020 SAP S/4 FI SAP S/4 Financial Accounting in S/4HANA 1909 SAP 2017 SAP ABAP SAP ABAP Academy SAP 2015 SAP Simple FI SAP HANA Simple Finance, S/4 HANA Migration SAP 2014 SAP NF-e SAP NF-e Nota Fiscal Eletronica 3.10 with GRC Tech Consulting 2013 ITIL ITIL V3 Foundations KA Solution 2012 SAP Material Ledger SAP CO Brazil Localization (Material Ledger) SAP 2012 SAP NF-e GRC SAP NF-e 10.0 with GRC, WBRNFE_10 SAP 2012 SAP NewGL SAP NewGL (New General Ledger) SAP 2012 COBIT COBIT 4.1 Foundations KA Solution 2012 SQL SQL, Microsoft SQL Server Writing Queries KA Solution 2011 SAP CO SAP CO Academy (Controlling Accounting) SAP 2010 HPQC HP Quality Center SAP 2010 SAP InfoPak SAP InfoPak, Documentation Tool SAP 2009 Lean/Six Sigma Lean/Six Sigma (Green Belt Academy) Deloitte 2009 IFRS IFRS, Concepts and Preparation Deloitte 2008 SAP FI SAP FI Brazil Localization SAP 2008 SAP SolMan SAP Solution Manager Deloitte 2008 HPQC HP Quality Center, Mercury HP 2007 SAP FI SAP FI Academy (Financial Accounting) SAP 2007 SAP R/3 SAP BootCamp R/3 4.6c, FI,CO,MM,SD,PP Modules Deloitte

The cost element categoryhas a technical control function. It determines whether you can post to a cost element directly or indirectly. Direct posting: You post a fixed amount to an account by specifying the account number. You can post directly to all primary cost elements. Indirect posting: The system determines the account automatically at the time of posting You can not enter the account number with the posting transaction. You can only post indirectly to secondary cost elements. Cost Elements The cost element categoryhas a technical control function. It determines whether you can post to a cost element directly or indirectly. Direct posting: You post a fixed amount to an account by specifying the account number. You can post directly to all primary cost elements. Indirect posting: The system determines the account automatically at the time of posting You can not enter the account number with the posting transaction. You can only post indirectly to secondary cost elements. Cost Element Category Primary cost elements 01 : Primary cost element This category of cost element can be debited with all primary postings, for example, in Financial Accounting (FI) or Materials Management (MM). 03 : Accrual cost element / percentage method This cost element category may only be used in Cost Center Accounting (CO-OM-CCA) with the percentage method of accrual calculation. You can post directly in Financial Accounting to register when actual costs are incurred. The system uses this cost element category to post accrued costs in Cost Center Accounting. If you do not want to consider actual costs (for example, additional costs), you can create this category of cost elements exclusively in Controlling. You define the account in the chart of accounts, but you do not need to create the account as a G/L account in Financial Accounting. 04 : Accrual cost element / target=actual method This cost element category may be used only in the target=actual method of accrual calculation with Cost Center Accounting. You can post the cost directly from Financial Accounting to register when actual costs are incurred. The system uses this cost element category to post accrued costs in Cost Center Accounting. If you do not want to consider actual costs (for example, additional costs), you can create this category of cost elements exclusively in Controlling. You define the account in the chart of accounts, but you do not need to create the account as a G/L account in Financial Accounting. 11 : Revenue elements The cost element category is used to post revenues. Warning : Revenues are displayed in Controlling with a negative sign (-). An exception to this is Profitability Analysis (CO-PA). In CO-PA revenues are displayed with a positive sign (+). Caution : If you post revenues to cost centers, the values appear as statistical information only. This means that you can repost revenues for posting adjustments to other cost centers, but another allocation is not possible. Revenues are ignored in iterative activity price calculation and are therefore not included in the allocation price of an activity type. Note : Before you define a revenue element, check whether the posting is in the form of a credit memo whose costs you want to take into account. If this is the case, use cost element category 01 (primary cost elements), not category 11 (revenue elements). These credit memos appear as negative costs and are processed in the same way as all other cost elements of category 01. Example : Cost center with revenue posting Costs = 10,000 Revenues = -5,000 Cost effective = 10,000 Cost center with credit entry Costs = 10,000 Credit memo = -5,000 Cost effective = 5,000 12 : Sales deduction Cost elements of this category are used to post sales deductions. Sales deductions (reductions, adjustments, corrections) are adjustment or deduction postings of revenues, such as discounts and rebates. Certain revenues, such as freight charged separately in the invoice, surcharges for small quantities or special orders, are not classified as sales deductions. Such value items are defined as revenue elements. The account assignment options for cost elements of this category are the same as for cost element category 11 (revenue elements). Values on cost centers are displayed statistically only (as for revenues). 22 : External settlement Cost elements of this category are used to settleorder, project, or cost object costs to objects outside of Controlling. CO external objects can be, for example, assets (AM), materials (MM) or G/L accounts (FI). The system always creates an accounting document when you settle to external objects. You cannot use this cost element category for settlement to objects within Controlling (such as cost centers, orders, or projects). Use secondary cost element category 21 for internal settlement. In contrast to settlement to CO-external objects, no accounting documents are generated by the system for settlement to CO internal objects as the value flow occurs exclusively within CO. 90 : Cost element for balance sheet accounts in Financial Accounting Cost elements of this category are generated automatically when you create cost elements in Controlling that have asset reconciliation accounts, that is, special balance sheet accounts, as corresponding general ledger accounts in Financial Accounting. You cannot change this cost element category in CO master data maintenance. FI does not require CO account assignments of category 90. However, if you do enter a CO account assignment, this is only updated statistically even for true CO objects. Cost elements of category 90 enable you to control the costs of an order or project budget during the acquisition of fixed assets that can be directly capitalized. To achieve this you enter a capital investment order or work breakdown structure (WBS) element in the appropriate field in the asset master data. The Asset Management (AM) component ensures that when the asset is acquired, the order or WBS element is automatically entered in the document. In Controlling, orders and WBS elements are debited statistically. This statistical debit is checked with the budget during availability control. The system does not support other uses of category 90 cost elements at present. You cannot plan using these cost elements. Secondary cost elements 21 : Internal settlement This cost element category is used to settle (further allocate) order or project costs to Controlling (CO) internal objects. CO-internal objects are, for example, orders, profitability segments, cost centers and projects. You cannot use this cost element category for settlement to CO-external objects (such as fixed assets, materials, or G/L accounts). Use primary cost element category 22 for external settlement. 31 : Order/project results analysis This cost element category is used to save the order/project results analysis data on the relevant order/project. 41 : Overhead rates This cost element category is used to further allocate overhead costs using overhead ratesfrom cost centers to orders. 42 : Assessment This cost element category is used to allocate costs using the assessment method. 43 : Allocation of activities/processes This cost element category is used during internal activity allocationand in Activity-Based Costing. 50 : Incoming orders: sales revenues This cost element category is used for sales revenues from sales orders with incoming orders in the current period of the project-related incoming order. 51 : Incoming orders: other revenues This cost element category is used for other revenues, such as imputed interest, from sales orders with incoming orders in the current period of the project-related incoming order. 52 : Incoming orders: costs This cost element category is used for costs from sales orders with incoming orders in the current period of the project-related incoming order. 61 : Earned values This cost element category is used for the earned values from the earned value analysis in Project System. Article written by Luiz C. Mariani | Published July 2023 Reference sources: SAP ( www.sap.com ); SAP Support ( support.sap.com ); SAP Help ( help.sap.com ); SAP Blog ( blogs.sap.com )

Topics: SAP S/4 HANA Material Ledger Step by Step Customizing SAP Material Ledger SAP Actual Costing / Material Ledger Standard Price versus Moving Average Price Standard Price (S) | Advantages x Disadvantages Moving Average Price (V) | Advantages x Disadvantages SAP Actual Costing / Material Ledger Configuring SAP Material Ledger involves several steps to ensure accurate and detailed material valuation. Below is a step-by-step guide on how to configure SAP Material Ledger. Please note that the exact steps and transaction codes may vary depending on your SAP version and configuration. Always refer to the official SAP documentation for your specific SAP version. F ollowing the best practices implementation is always the best solution to leveraging the full capabilities of SAP Material Ledger. Seq Transaction Name Module Reference SAP Path 001 OX14 Valuation Level MM Define Valuation Level IMG -> Enterprise Structure -> Definition -> Logistics - General -> Define Valuation Level 002 OMX2 Assign Currency Types and Define Material Ledger Types PC-ML Assign Currency Types and Define Material Ledger Types IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Assign Currency Types and Define Material Ledger Types 003 OMX3 Assign Material Ledger Types to Valuation Area PC-ML Assign Material Ledger Types to Valuation Area IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Assign Material Ledger Types to Valuation Area 004 CKM9 Check Material Ledger Settings (Display of ML-Relevant Customizing Settings) PC-ML Activate Material Ledger for Valuation Area IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Activate Material Ledger for Valuation Areas 005 OMX1 Activation of Material Ledger PC-ML Activate Material Ledger for Valuation Area IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Activate Material Ledger for Valuation Areas 006 S_ALR_87008137 Maintain Number Ranges for Material Ledger Documents PC-ML Maintain Number Ranges for Material Ledger Documents IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Maintain Number Ranges for Material Ledger Documents 007 OMX4 Number range: Material ledger document PC-ML Maintain Number Ranges for Material Ledger Documents IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Maintain Number Ranges for Material Ledger Documents 008 OMX5 Configure Dynamic Price Changes PC-ML Configure Dynamic Price Changes IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Configure Dynamic Price Changes 009 V_CKMLKONT No text found for transaction (Assign Acc. Assignment Reason to Acct Modification Const) PC-ML Reasons for Price Changes IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Reasons for Price Changes 010 OMX_UMB_ACCOUNTS Display Accounts For Account Key UMB PC-ML Reasons for Price Changes IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Reasons for Price Changes 011 OPR4_ACT Define User-Defined Message Types PC-ML Define User-Defined Message Types IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Define User-Defined Message Types 012 SM30 (V_CKMLMV010_T) Define Movement Type Groups of Material Ledger PC-ML Define Movement Type Groups of Material Ledger IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Material Update -> Define Movement Type Groups of Material Ledger 013 SM30 (V_156Q_ML) Assign Movement Type Groups of Material Ledger PC-ML Assign Movement Type Groups of Material Ledger IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Material Update -> Assign Movement Type Groups of Material Ledger 014 OMX9 Define Material Update Structure PC-ML Define Material Update Structure IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Material Update -> Define Material Update Structure 015 OMX8 Assign Material Update Structure to a Valuation Area PC-ML Assign Material Update Structure to a Valuation Area IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Material Update -> Assign Material Update Structure to a Valuation Area 016 CKM9 Verify Settings for Actual Costing (Display of ML-Relevant Customizing Settings) PC-ML Activate Actual Costing IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Actual Costing -> Activate Actual Costing 017 SM30 (VV_T001W_MV_1) Activate actual costing PC-ML Activate Actual Costing IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Actual Costing -> Activate Actual Costing 018 OMXW Activate WIP at Actual Costs PC-ML Activate WIP at Actual Costs IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Actual Costing ->Activate WIP at Actual Costs 019 SM30 (V_T001K_CCS) Activate Actual Cost Component Split PC-ML Activate Actual Cost Component Split IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Actual Costing -> Activate Actual Cost Component Split SPRO IMG Customizing Tree These are the basic customizing transaction used to setup Material Ledger: Assign Currency Types and Define Material Ledger Types Assign Material Ledger Types to Valuation Area Activate Material Ledger for Valuation Areas Maintain Number Ranges to Material Ledger Documents Configure Dynamic Price Changes Reasons for Price Changes Define User-Defined Massage Types Define Movement Types Groups of Material Ledger Assign Movement Types Groups of Material Ledger Activate Actual Costing Activate Actual Cost Component Split Activate WIP at Actual Costs 1. Assign Currency Types and Define Material Ledger Types Material Ledger Types Automatic getting CT from: Currency Type from FI Currency Type from CO You don't need to enter the currency type manually Manual: You need to enter the desired currency types manually 2. Assign Material Ledger Types to Valuation Area The Material Ledger Type that was created in the step above needs to be assigned Valuation Area. Valuation Area | Organizational level at which the material ledger is valuated. It can be one of the following: Plant All plants belonging to a company code, in which case the valuation area is the company code. 2.1. Valuation Level You define the valuation level by specifying the level at which material stocks are valuated. You can valuate material stocks at the following levels: Plant Level Valuation must be at this level in the following cases If you want to use the application component Production Planning (PP) or Costing If your system is a SAP Retail system Company Code Level Valuation level choice affects the following: Maintenance of material master records G/L accounts in which material stocks are managed G/L accounts to which transactions are posted in Materials Management Important: Once set, it is not possible to switch the valuation level from plant to company code, or vice versa. If absolutely necessary to subsequently change the valuation level, contact a SAP consultant because a data conversion is required. Standard Price versus Moving Average Price Material Valuation How materials are valuated in the SAP system essentially depends on the price control that was set for the material in the material master. You can choose between a valuation at the standard price (S price) or at the moving average price (V price). When using the Material Ledger, you have the possibility of combining the advantages of standard price control and moving average price control. With moving average price control, a new material price is calculated after every goods receipt, invoice receipt, and/or order settlement. This material price is an average value calculated from the total inventory value and the total quantity of the material in stock. With standard price control, goods movements are valuated with a price that remains constant for at least one period. The standard price that is assigned to a material is usually the result of a standard cost estimate. The main difference between the two valuation procedures is that the moving average price represents a current delivered price while the standard price is based on planned values and not actual values. Differences between the planned price and the actual prices are not assigned to the material stock in Financial Accounting, but rather are assigned to a price difference account. When using the moving average price, however, the material stock value in Financial Accounting can reflect the prices actually incurred. However, the moving average price has its disadvantages too. Actual Costing Use the component Actual Costing/Material Ledger to ensure a method of cost management that uses the most current data to calculate your actual material costs. You can use this component to calculate an average price at the end of the period using the actual costs incurred in that period. You can then use this average price to valuate the material stock in the period in question. The standard price is used for preliminary material valuation in the Actual Costing/Material Ledger component. In the following text, problems that could result from valuating materials with the moving average price are illustrated in conjunction with a comparison of advantages and disadvantages of both methods of price control. You can avoid the problems that arise when using the standard price for material valuation by using the component Actual Costing/Material Ledger . In addition, there will be some recommendations from SAP as to which price control to use. Standard Price (S) Advantages When using the standard price, all goods movements of a material are valuated with the same price over at least one period. Therefore, the standard price ensures consistent cost management of the production process and makes variances within production transparent. A periodic price (standard price) is especially useful when working with cost management by period. The standard price can also be used as a benchmark by which you can measure different methods of production, or compare the contribution margins of a material in different market segments in Profitability Analysis. Disadvantages Because the standard price is held constant for an entire period, it does not reflect the actual costs incurred during the period. This can lead to inexact valuation prices for materials whose procurement prices change a great deal over a period, or whose method of production changes within a period. This problem increases in multilevel production with each new production step. This means that the costs for the finished product may not reflect the most recent data. The material stock value does not reflect the current procurement costs, as variances from the standard price are collected in a price difference account in Financial Accounting and do not lead to a correction of the material stock account. The variances collected in the price difference account can no longer be assigned to the individual material. If you use split valuation for materials, please note that you can only release the material price at the header level of a material (not at the level of the valuation type) when calculating a material price in Product Cost Planning. Moving Average Price (V) Advantages The advantage of using the moving average price is that variances are updated in the material price and the material stock value. Because the material price reflects the average procurement cost of a material, material issues could, in principle, be valuated with the current price. Only in special cases are variances allocated to a price difference account in Financial Accounting rather than to the material stock. The advantages of the moving average price are seen only if: you are looking at the material valuation data at the lowest production level; all variances occur immediately; the material price is not distorted by the sequence of postings by the system. Disadvantages The main disadvantage of using the moving average price is that the price used to valuate a material consumption is almost completely dependent on the time at which the goods issue is posted in the system. If, for example, an invoice receipt is posted in the system after a goods issue was entered, that invoice value is not reflected in the value of the material issued. The material is therefore not valuated with its actual procurement cost. The moving average price also does little to guarantee consistent cost management of your production process. The effect of changes in the production process, for example, are not recognizable in the finished product, and comparing results from different areas in Profitability Analysis is not really meaningful due to lack of a benchmark. The fact that the moving average price is not dependent on the period can also lead to incorrect material valuation, as goods movements that are posted to a previous period are not valuated with the price from that period, but rather with the current moving average price. Another problem with the moving average price is that any mistake entering data can cause immediate and unwanted changes in the material price. Any goods issues posted following this error will be valuated immediately with this incorrect material price. In particular, the moving average price can lead to unrealistic material prices in cases of multi-level production or when there are variances that do not appear immediately. Such unrealistic prices occur, for example, when, in the context of stock coverage, a subsequent adjustment to the material stock occurs using an incorrect base quantity. Material Ledger When using the application component Material Ledger, you only use the standard price as a preliminary valuation price in the current period. At the end of the period, you can use this component to calculate an average price for the material using the actual costs incurred in that period. You can then use this average price to valuate the material stock in the period in question. Hint : If you use Material Ledger, you should also use standard price control of raw materials and trading goods to ensure consistent cost management of your production process. Only in this way are variances completely transparent within production. In Summary The problems described above show that the moving average price, despite its advantages can lead to problems. In particular, the moving average price can cause unrealistic valuations of material inventory when materials are produced in-house or when variances do not appear immediately. On the other hand, the standard price does not take any actual procurement costs into account, which can be a problem, for example, with externally procured materials with highly variable prices. Recommendation Moving Average Price: It should be used only in Trading Goods, but not in Raw Materials. Standard Price: It must be used for Semi-Finished, Finished Goods and Raw Materials. Price S Price V References: SAP (www.sap.com ); SAP Support (support.sap.com ); SAP Help (help.sap.com ); SAP Blog (blogs.sap.com )

The market for Data Brokers dealing personal data has a prominent role in the global economy. The increasing volume of personal data collection can build strong and accurate population profiles.You probably know some of the main Data Brokers: Experian, TransUnion, Equifax, CoreLogic, Epsilon, Acxiom​. Global Market Data Broker Experian | UK Credit Score Segmentation True Size of Countries Geographic Information Data Brokers The market for Data Brokers dealing personal data has a prominent role in the global economy. The increasing volume of personal data collection can build strong and accurate population profiles. The analysis of consumer groups and segments helps organizations to: Targeted offers Prospection Monetization of the customer portfolio Targeted communication Statistical modeling Market study (such as profile and consumption analysis) Geomarketing You probably know some of the main Data Brokers : Experian TransUnion Equifax CoreLogic Epsilon Acxiom Experian | UK Credit Score Segmentation Experian has a services called Mosaic. Mosaic is a comprehensive cross-channel consumer classification that groups together individuals likely to share similar demographics, lifestyles and behaviours into 15 summary groups and 66 detailed types by codes and names. Group Codes Groups Segment Codes Segments A City Prosperity A01 World-Class Wealth A02 Uptown Elite A03 Penthouse Chic A04 Metro High-Flyers B Prestige Positions B05 Premium Fortunes B06 Diamond Days B07 Alpha Families B08 Bank of Mum and Dad B09 Empty-Nest Adventure C Country Living C10 Wealthy Landowners C11 Rural Vogue C12 Scattered Homesteads C23 Village Retirement D Rural Reality D14 Satellite Settlers D15 Local Focus D16 Outlying Seniors C17 Far-Flung Outposts E Senior Security E18 Legacy Elders E19 Bungalow Haven E20 Classic Grandparents E21 Solo Retirees F Suburban Stability F22 Boomerang Boarders F23 Family Ties F24 Fledgling Free F25 Dependable Me G Domestic Success G26 Cafes and Catchments G27 Thriving Independence G28 Penthouse Chic G29 Mid-Career Convention H Aspiring Homemakers H30 Primary Ambitions H31 Affordable Fringe H32 First-Rung Futures H33 Contemporary Starts H34 New Foundations H35 Flying Solo I Family Basics I36 Solid Economy I37 Budget Generations I38 Economical Families I39 Families on a Budget J Transient Renters J40 Value Rentals J41 Youthful Endeavours J42 Midlife Renters J43 Renting Rooms K Municipal Tenants K44 Inner City Stalwarts K45 City Diversity K46 High Rise Residents K47 Single Essentials K48 Mature Workers L Vintage Value L49 Flatlet Seniors L50 Pocket Pensions L51 Retirement Communities L52 Estate Veterans L53 Seasoned Survivors M Modest Traditions M54 Down-to-Earth Owners M55 Back with the Folks M56 Self Supporters N Urban Cohesion N57 Community Elders N58 Culture & Comfort N59 Large Family Living N60 Ageing Access O Rental Hubs O61 Career Builders O62 Central Pulse O63 Flexible Workforce O64 Bus-Route Renters O65 Learners & Earners O66 Student Scene True Size of Countries The Mercator projection is a cylindrical map projection and it became the standard map projection for navigation because it is unique in representing north as up and south as down everywhere while preserving local directions and shapes. As a side effect, the Mercator projection inflates the size of objects away from the equator. In the transformation of a curved structure to the plane, a kind of deformation occurs so that there are the necessary adjustments to fit the object of study in that proposed form. Geographi c Information Check all the information in the table below. Country Land Area (Km²) Population Density (P/Km²) Afghanistan 652.860 42.239.854 65 Albania 27.400 2.832.439 103 Algeria 2.381.740 45.606.480 19 Andorra 470 80.088 170 Angola 1.246.700 36.684.202 29 Antigua and Barbuda 440 94.298 214 Argentina 2.736.690 45.773.884 17 Armenia 28.470 2.777.970 98 Australia 7.682.300 26.439.111 3 Austria 82.409 8.958.960 109 Azerbaijan 82.658 10.412.651 126 Bahamas 10.010 412.623 41 Bahrain 760 1.485.509 1.955 Bangladesh 130.170 172.954.319 1.329 Barbados 430 281.995 656 Belarus 202.910 9.498.238 47 Belgium 30.280 11.686.140 386 Belize 22.810 410.825 18 Benin 112.760 13.712.828 122 Bhutan 38.117 787.424 21 Bolivia 1.083.300 12.388.571 11 Bosnia and Herzegovina 51 3.210.847 63 Botswana 566.730 2.675.352 5 Brazil 8.358.140 216.422.446 26 Brunei 5.270 452.524 86 Bulgaria 108.560 6.687.717 62 Burkina Faso 273.600 23.251.485 85 Burundi 25.680 13.238.559 516 Côte d'Ivoire 318 28.873.034 91 Cabo Verde 4.030 598.682 149 Cambodia 176.520 16.944.826 96 Cameroon 472.710 28.647.293 61 Canada 9.093.510 38.781.291 4 Central African Republic 622.980 5.742.315 9 Chad 1.259.200 18.278.568 15 Chile 743.532 19.629.590 26 China 9.388.211 1.425.671.352 152 Colombia 1.109.500 52.085.168 47 Comoros 1.861 852.075 458 Congo (Congo-Brazzaville) 341.500 6.106.869 18 Costa Rica 51.060 5.212.173 102 Croatia 55.960 4.008.617 72 Cuba 106.440 11.194.449 105 Cyprus 9.240 1.260.138 136 Czechia (Czech Republic) 77.240 10.495.295 136 Democratic Republic of the Congo 2.267.050 102.262.808 45 Denmark 42.430 5.910.913 139 Djibouti 23.180 1.136.455 49 Dominica 750 73.040 97 Dominican Republic 48.320 11.332.972 235 Ecuador 248.360 18.190.484 73 Egypt 995.450 112.716.598 113 El Salvador 20.720 6.364.943 307 Equatorial Guinea 28.050 1.714.671 61 Eritrea 101 3.748.901 37 Estonia 42.390 1.322.765 31 Eswatini (fmr. "Swaziland") 17.200 1.210.822 70 Ethiopia 1.000.000 126.527.060 127 Fiji 18.270 936.375 51 Finland 303.890 5.545.475 18 France 547.557 64.756.584 118 Gabon 257.670 2.436.566 9 Gambia 10.120 2.773.168 274 Georgia 69.490 3.728.282 54 Germany 348.560 83.294.633 239 Ghana 227.540 34.121.985 150 Greece 128.900 10.341.277 80 Grenada 340 126.183 371 Guatemala 107.160 18.092.026 169 Guinea 245.720 14.190.612 58 Guinea-Bissau 28.120 2.150.842 76 Guyana 196.850 813.834 4 Haiti 27.560 11.724.763 425 Holy See - 518 1.295 Honduras 111.890 10.593.798 95 Hungary 90.530 10.156.239 112 Iceland 100.250 375.318 4 India 2.973.190 1.428.627.663 481 Indonesia 1.811.570 277.534.122 153 Iran 1.628.550 89.172.767 55 Iraq 434.320 45.504.560 105 Ireland 68.890 5.056.935 73 Israel 21.640 9.174.520 424 Italy 294.140 58.870.762 200 Jamaica 10.830 2.825.544 261 Japan 364.555 123.294.513 338 Jordan 88.780 11.337.052 128 Kazakhstan 2.699.700 19.606.633 7 Kenya 569.140 55.100.586 97 Kiribati 810 133.515 165 Kuwait 17.820 4.310.108 242 Kyrgyzstan 191.800 6.735.347 35 Laos 230.800 7.633.779 33 Latvia 62.200 1.830.211 29 Lebanon 10.230 5.353.930 523 Lesotho 30.360 2.330.318 77 Liberia 96.320 5.418.377 56 Libya 1.759.540 6.888.388 4 Liechtenstein 160 39.584 247 Lithuania 62.674 2.718.352 43 Luxembourg 2.590 654.768 253 Madagascar 581.795 30.325.732 52 Malawi 94.280 20.931.751 222 Malaysia 328.550 34.308.525 104 Maldives 300 521.021 1.737 Mali 1.220.190 23.293.698 19 Malta 320 535.064 1.672 Marshall Islands 180 41.996 233 Mauritania 1.030.700 4.862.989 5 Mauritius 2.030 1.300.557 641 Mexico 1.943.950 128.455.567 66 Micronesia 700 544.321 778 Moldova 32.850 3.435.931 105 Monaco 1 36.297 24.360 Mongolia 1.553.560 3.447.157 2 Montenegro 13.450 626.485 47 Morocco 446.300 37.840.044 85 Mozambique 786.380 33.897.354 43 Myanmar (formerly Burma) 653.290 54.577.997 84 Namibia 823.290 2.604.172 3 Nauru 20 12.780 639 Nepal 143.350 30.896.590 216 Netherlands 33.720 17.618.299 522 New Zealand 263.310 5.228.100 20 Nicaragua 120.340 7.046.310 59 Niger 1.266.700 27.202.843 21 Nigeria 910.770 223.804.632 246 North Korea 120.410 26.160.821 217 North Macedonia 25.220 2.085.679 83 Norway 365.268 5.474.360 15 Oman 309.500 4.644.384 15 Pakistan 770.880 240.485.658 312 Palau 460 18.058 39 Palestine State 6.020 5.371.230 892 Panama 74.340 4.468.087 60 Papua New Guinea 452.860 10.329.931 23 Paraguay 397.300 6.861.524 17 Peru 1.280.000 34.352.719 27 Philippines 298.170 117.337.368 394 Poland 306.230 41.026.067 134 Portugal 91.590 10.247.605 112 Qatar 11.610 2.716.391 234 Romania 230.170 19.892.812 86 Russia 16.376.870 144.444.359 9 Rwanda 24.670 14.094.683 571 Saint Kitts and Nevis 260 47.755 184 Saint Lucia 610 180.251 295 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 390 103.698 266 Samoa 2.830 225.681 80 San Marino 60 33.642 561 Sao Tome and Principe 960 231.856 242 Saudi Arabia 2.149.690 36.947.025 17 Senegal 192.530 17.763.163 92 Serbia 87.460 7.149.077 82 Seychelles 460 107.66 234 Sierra Leone 72.180 8.791.092 122 Singapore 700 6.014.723 8.592 Slovakia 48.088 5.795.199 121 Slovenia 20.140 2.119.675 105 Solomon Islands 27.990 740.424 26 Somalia 627.340 18.143.378 29 South Africa 1.213.090 60.414.495 50 South Korea 97.230 51.784.059 533 South Sudan 610.952 11.088.796 18 Spain 498.800 47.519.628 95 Sri Lanka 62.710 21.893.579 349 Sudan 1.765.048 48.109.006 27 Suriname 156 623.236 4 Sweden 410.340 10.612.086 26 Switzerland 39.516 8.796.669 223 Syria 183.630 23.227.014 126 Tajikistan 139.960 10.143.543 72 Tanzania 885.800 67.438.106 76 Thailand 510.890 71.801.279 141 Timor-Leste 14.870 1.360.596 91 Togo 54.390 9.053.799 166 Tonga 720 107.773 150 Trinidad and Tobago 5.130 1.534.937 299 Tunisia 155.360 12.458.223 80 Turkey 769.630 85.816.199 112 Turkmenistan 469.930 6.516.100 14 Tuvalu 30 11.396 380 Uganda 199.810 48.582.334 243 Ukraine 579.320 36.744.634 63 United Arab Emirates 83.600 9.516.871 114 United Kingdom 241.930 67.736.802 280 United States of America 9.147.420 339.996.563 37 Uruguay 175.020 3.423.108 20 Uzbekistan 425.400 35.163.944 83 Vanuatu 12.190 334.506 27 Venezuela 882.050 28.838.499 33 Vietnam 310.070 98.858.950 319 Yemen 527.970 34.449.825 65 Zambia 743.390 20.569.737 28 Zimbabwe 386.850 16.665.409 43 References: Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.org ); World O Meters (www.worldometers.info ); Experian (www.experian.co.uk )

Terminology These are some global terminologies and acronyms used in a business context. SAP It stands for Systems, Applications and Products. ERP It stands for Enterprise Resource Planning. It is a type of software system that helps organizations automate and manage core business processes. It’s capable of linking a company’s financials, supply chain, operations, commerce, reporting, manufacturing, and human resources activities on one platform. (e.g. SAP and Oracle) ECC It stands for ERP Central Component. It is the largest system element of the SAP Business Suite, and consists of the group of functions that businesses can perform. S/4 Some sources say that "S" stands for Simple and "4" refers to the generation sequence, others say the the "S/4" comer from the short version "Suite 4" of "SAP Business Suite 4 HANA". HANA It stands for High Performance Analytic Appliance and was introduced for marketing purposes (although it doesn´t sounds a proper acronym). But according to other sources, initially the name HANA was conceived in Palo Alto, as Hasso’s New Architecture inspired by SAP's founder, Hasso Plattner. SAP OSS Note OSS stands for Online Attendance System. As the name implies, it is the service accessible through the internet. The SAP note is a set of instructions for correcting known bugs and providing answers to frequently asked questions, and it is part of the SAP service portal. MRP It stands for Material Requirements Planning. It is a software-based integrated inventory and supply management system designed for businesses. Companies use MRP to estimate quantities of raw materials, maintain inventory levels, and schedule production and deliveries. Both MRP and MRP II are seen as predecessors to ERP MRP II It stands for Manufacturing Resource Planning. It is an integrated information system evolved from early MRP by including the integration of additional data, such as employee and financial needs. Both MRP and MRP II are seen as predecessors to ERP. Modules Modules, in SAP, are a set of applications created to support specific business processes within an organization, designed exactly like the functional areas or departments that a company has, from finance to sales, including procurement, production and many others. ABAP It stands for Advanced Business Application Programming, also known originally as Allgemeiner Berichts-Aufbereitungs-Prozessor (in German) or General report-consolidating processor (in English). It is the programming language created by SAP. In its syntax, SAP ABAP is similar to the COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language) programming language, and it is clearly based on the natural language, with its functions integrated with database access via Open SQL statements. The programming language can utilize procedural, object-oriented, and other programming principles. Although ABAP is SAP’s primary programming language, programs written with ABAP can run alongside those based on other programming languages such as Java, JavaScript, and others. KPI It stands for Key Performance Indicator. It is a type of performance measurement that evaluates the success of an organization or of a particular activity. KANBAN It is a Japanese word for Sign. It is a scheduling system for lean manufacturing, used for inventory control in just-in-time (JIT) production. An industrial engineer at Toyota, developed kanban to improve manufacturing efficiency using visual cues to prompt the action needed to keep a process flowing. One of the main goals is to limit the buildup of excess inventory at any point on the production line. JIT It stands for Just-in-Time. It is a form of inventory management that requires working closely with suppliers so that raw materials arrive as production is scheduled to begin, but no sooner. The goal is to have the minimum amount of inventory on hand to meet demand. PDCA It stands for Plan-Do-Check-Act. It is a four-step cycle problem-solving iterative technique used to improve business processes. The PDCA process is similar to the Japanese business philosophy of Kaizen. Kaizen It is a Japanese term meaning change for the better or continuous improvement. It is a Japanese business philosophy that focuses on gradually improving productivity and making a work environment more efficient. The concept also applies to all process, crossing organization boundaries, improving all functions and involving all employees, from the CEO to the assembly line workers. ASAP In an SAP context, It stands for Accelerated SAP. Despite being widely used as "As Soon As Possible" in business-related and non-business contexts. It is a SAP methodology designed to help implementations as efficiently as possible. Its goal is to effectively optimize time, people, quality and other resources. Agile In software development, it is an umbrella term for a set of frameworks and practices based on the values and principles expressed in the Agile Manifesto. Basically it is a simple concept of continuous incremental improvement through small and frequent releases, using daily meetings, segregating deliverables in User Stories, addressing Personas, analysing Milestones and using product strategies such as Interative and Incremental developments. Despite being much more effective when used in small software developments (e.g. mobile apps), it is widely used in SAP projects with such methodologies as SCRUM, SAP Activate and others. SCRUM The term scrum comes from rugby football, where players packing closely together with their heads down and try to gain possession of the ball. The scrum methodology, commonly used in software developments, is a way to get work done as a team in small pieces at a time, with continuous experimentation and feedback loops along the way to learn and improve as you go, helping people and teams deliver value incrementally in a collaborative way. The fundamental unit of scrum is a small team, consisting of a product owner, a scrum master, and developers, where the methodological process involves daily scrum meetings, with product backlogs to be done, segregated in user stories, with sprint cycles for the deliverables. Trade Name A trade name, trading name, or business name, is a pseudonym used by companies that do not operate under their registered company name. Brazil-specific Terminology These are some Brazil-specific terminologies and acronyms used in a Business context, related to taxation and legal requirements in the national territory. LATAM It stands for Latin America. It is a geographical grouping widely used by global corporations to define regional business activity. It is a shorthand method to refer to the countries of American continent that speak the languages derived from Latin (Spanish, Portuguese and French). Latin America comprises almost all of South and Central America with exceptions, and Mexico of North America. Mercosul / Mercosur It stands for Mercado Comum do Sul (in Portuguese) or Mercado Común del Sur (in Spanish). In English it is known as Southern Common Market. It is a South American trade bloc and its purpose is to promote free trade and the fluid movement of goods, people, and currency. BRICS It stands for Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. The term was originally developed in the context of foreign investment strategies. It was introduced in the 2001 publication, "Building Better Global Economic BRICs" by the Goldman Sachs economist Jim O'Neill. CNPJ It stands for Cadastro Nacional de Pessoa Juridica (in Portuguese). It is the Company ID and also the Tax Number for legal entities. CPF It stands for Codigo de Pessoa Fisica (in Portuguese). It is the taxpayer's identification for natural person. In other countries like UK is similar to NIN (National Insurance Number), or in US, the SSN (Social Security Number). SAP: It is to be informed in the customer/vendor master record if the customer/vendor is a natural person. RG It stands for Registro Geral (in Portuguese) or General Registration (in English). It is the Brazilian natural person ID (Identification / Identity). Tax Regimes [ More... ] Or in Portugues "Regime Tributatio". It is what determines which taxes will be paid by a company and how it will be done. There are 3 tax regimes in Brazil: Actual profit, Presumed profit and Simplified (in Portugues "Simples Nacional"). CNAE [ More... ] It stands for Codigo Nacional da Atividade Economica (in Portuguese) or National Code of Economic Activity (in English). It is the code of national classification of the companies according to their economic Activity. CFOP [ More... ] It stands for Codigo Fiscal de Operacoes e Prestacoes (in Portuguese) or Fiscal Code of Operations and Provisions (in English). It is the code defined by the Brazilian authorities to describe the type of the business transaction. IBGE It stands for Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica (in Portuguese) or Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (in English). It is the Brazilian state agency responsible for surveying the country's data. This institute, founded with the aim of gathering geographic information and Brazilian statistics, is of great importance in government terms. It is responsible, among other duties, for carrying out the demographic census. Traditionally, the IBGE conducts censuses in cyclical ten-year periods, providing important socioeconomic information for the country. CONCLA It stands for Comissão Nacional de Classificação (in Portuguese) or National Classification Commission (in English). It is the institution responsible for statistical classifications in Brazil, for selected topics, used in the country's statistical system and administrative records and the international classifications associated with them. The classifications organized by CONCLA are: CNAE, CBO, CID-10, PRODLIST, Dialling Phone Codes, Environment Classification, Education Classification and others. EFR It stands for Ente Federativo Responsável (in Portuguese) or Responsible Federal Entity (in English). It is an administrative unit of public body and they can provide their information in a decentralized way. For example, the Vitória Municipality has the Vitória City Hall as its EFR, that is, in most cases the EFR is the City Hall. ANATEL It stands for Agencia Nacional de Telecomunicacoes (in Portuguese) or National Telecommunications Agency (in English). It is the regulatory agency for the Brazilian telecommunications sector. Its main roles are to supervise and edit rules for the sector, as well as mediate conflicts between operators and consumers. UF It stands for Unidade Federativa (in Portuguese) or Federative Unit (in English). Basically they are all the states of Brazil, plus the Distrito Federal (Federal Distric). For example, São Paulo is a Federation Unit, and the UF of São Paulo is SP. BACEN / BCB / BC It stands for Brazilian Central Bank. It is the institution responsible for regulating, controlling and supervising the Brazilian financial system. SISBACEN It stands for Sistema de Informações Banco Central (in Portuguese) or Central Bank Information System (in English). It is the group of IT systems and resources that support the Brazilian Central Bank. PTAX The term comes from PTAX800, a SISBACEN transaction (Central Bank System) used for many years, by the public, to consult exchange rates. The transaction was deactivated on September 1, 2014, but the name remained, due to widespread use by foreign exchange market agents. The PTAX is the reference exchange rate (BRL/USD) most used in the Brazilian foreign exchange market, it is calculated and published by the Brazilian Central Bank on a daily basis. DREX It standard for Digital, Real, Eletronico, X representa modernidade e conexao (in Portugues) or Digital, Real, Eletronic, X stands for modernity and connection (in Enlish). DREX is the name of the digital version of the Real (BRL). Considered the newest solution by the (BCB) Central Bank of Brazil to digitize the economy. Despite also using blockchain technology, as well as crypto currencies (Bitcoin), the DREX is not a crypto currency. This is because the economic policies and fundamentals of the Brazilian digital currency will be the same as the physical Real and will be 100% controlled by the BCB. This means that the value of the asset will be stable in relation to the Brazilian real (1 BRL = 1 DREX) and will be controlled and monitored by the Brazilian Central Bank. Boleto It is a payment form (bank payment slip) very common in Brazil. Vendor send Boletos to their customers attached to the invoice (NF Nota Fiscal) or in an electronic format. Duplicata It is a payment method used to collect payments from customers, like a trade note. The commercial duplicata is a nominal document issued by the Banks, with the overall value and the invoice due date. PIX PIX is not an acronym, nor does it mean a specific concept. It is a new Brazilian Payment Method, that was named, by Brazilian Central Bank, with the name PIX because the term is reminiscent of technology, transactions and pixels (the luminous points on a screen). CNAB It stands for Centro Nacional de Automacao Bancaria (in Portuguese) or National Banking Automation Center (in Eglish). It is a flat file layout for bank communication, allowing automatic payment, collection and receipt of bank statements. FEBRABAN It stands for Federação Brasileira de Bancos (in Portuguese) or Brazilian Federation of Banks (in Eglish). It is the main entity representing the Brazilian banking sector. It has a wide range of activities but all aimed at improving the financial system. In the SAP banking context, it represents one of the most used bank file formats by the main banks in Brazil. PPI It stands for Preco de Paridade de Importacao (in Portuguese) or Import Parity Price (in English). Basically it is the total cost to internalize a product. It is commom used to refer to Fuel, in other words, it is a reference calculated based on the purchase price of fuel, plus logistical costs up to the delivery point, which includes freight, port fees, road transport and others. NF-e [ More... ] It stands for Nota Fiscal Eletronica (in Portuguse) or Eletronic Nota Fiscal (in English) . It is the official document in Brazil in a form of "electronic tax invoice". This kind of e-invoicing is used in logistics and services operations and it is the basis for Brazilian legal operations and reports. CC-e It stands for Carta de Correcao Eletronica (in Portuguese) or Electronic Correction Letter (Electronic Correction Letter). It is a event to correct the Nota Fiscal (e-invoice) information, which has already authorized by tax authorities. If there is any incorrect information in the Nota Fiscal (e-invoice) the issues is responsible for issuing a correction (CC-e). CT-e It stands for Conhecimento de Transporte Eletronico (in Portuguese) or Electronic Bill of Lading (in English). It is similar to Nota Fiscal (e-invoice), but it is used for freight instead of goods or services. SPED It stands for Sistema Publico de Escrituracao Digital (in Portuguese) or Public System of Digital bookkeeping (in English). It is an e-Reporting to standardize and simplify the fiscal and accounting reports, with objective to replace paper-based reports. Suframa It stands for Superintendencia da Zona Franca de Manaus (in Portuguese) or Superintendence of the Manaus Free Trade Zone (in English). It ia an organization dependent on the Brazilian Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade with the purpose of developing the Manaus area (it is the largest city in the Amazon rainforest) and promote sustainable economy. Companies taking part in such program get a Suframa registration number. EFD Fiscal It stands for Escrituracao Fiscal Digital (in Portuguese) or Digital Fiscal Bookkeeping (in English). It is also known as SPED EFD Fiscal. It is a report under the SPED solution umbrella that the main purpose is send information about the ICMS (Goods and Services Tax) and IPI (Tax on Industrialized Products). EFD Contributions It stands for Escrituracao Fiscal Digital (in Portuguese) or Digital Fiscal Bookkeeping (in English). It is also known as SPED EFD Contributions. It is a report under the SPED solution umbrella that the main purpose is send information about the PIS (Social Integration Program) and COFINS (Contribution to Social Security Financing). IPTU IPVA G7 G20 DIRF ECD FCI PERDCOMP DCTF GIA IR ISS CIAP REINF IBGE BACEN PTAX EU Specific Terminology These are some EU specific terminologies and acronyms used in a Business context, related to taxation and legal requirements in the national territory. EMEA It stands for Europe, Middle East, and Africa. It is a geographical grouping and an acronym widely used by global corporations to define regional business activity. It is a shorthand method to refer to the three continents and their regional areas. EU It stands for European Union. It is a political and economic grouping of 27 countries committed to shared democratic values. The European Union was created to bind the nations of Europe closer together for the economic, social, and security welfare of all, into a single entity. EAA It stands for European Economic Area. The EEA aims to strengthen trade and economic relations between each of the EEA countries. The EEA includes EU countries and also Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. It allows them to be part of the EU’s single market. EFTA It stands for European Free Trade Association. It is a regional trade organisation and a free trade area between each of the Member States, which are Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. Schengen Area The Schengen Area was created following the Schengen Agreement, signed in 1985 in a village in Luxemburg. The Schengen Convention, which followed in 1990, set out more details on the operation of the borderless area. In the Schengen Area there are no passport or border controls at the borders within the area. The Schengen Area is made up of 23 of the 27 EU Member States plus the 4 countries that form the EFTA SEPA It stands for Single Euro Payments Area. It is a payment-integration initiative of the European Union for simplification of bank transfers in Euro. Eurozone It is the economic region formed by those member countries of the European Union that have adopted the euro. Euro The Euro is the official currency of the European Union, adopted by some, but not all member. It is the world's second most popular reserve currency after the U.S. dollar, and the second most traded. NATO / OTAN NATO stands for North Atlantic Treaty Organization (in English) or OTAN that stands for Organisation du Traité de l'Atlantique Nord (in French) or Organizacao do Tratado do Atlantico Norte (in Portuguese). It is a security alliance of 31 countries from North America and Europe to contribute to the security of the North Atlantic area. Ombudsman The European Ombudsman investigates complaints about mismanagement in the institutions and bodies of the European Union. The Ombudsman is completely independent and impartial. INTRASTAT It is the system, with harmonised rules, for collecting information and producing statistics on the trade in goods between countries of the European Union. EXTRASTAT It is the system, with harmonised rules, for collecting information and producing statistics on the trade in goods between the EU and non-EU countries. KOBRA Declaration A monthly declaration to the German authorities that records the export of sensitive goods (for example, weapons and goods that can be used to manufacture weapons). The declaration may contains information such, Legal Entity ID, Date, Goods Direction, Reference Number, KOBRA B Record, KOBRA C Record, INTRASTAT Receipt/Dispatch, SED / AERP Export, EXTRASTAT / VAR Export/ Import, and more. UK Specific Terminology These are some UK specific terminologies and acronyms used in a Business context, related to taxation and legal requirements in the national territory. HMRC It stands for His/Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs or simply HM Revenue and Customs. It is the UK's tax, payments and customs authority, and its purpose is to collect taxpayers' money to support UK’s public services. NIN It stands for National Insurance Number. Also referred as NINo. It is a number used in the UK to record the national insurance contributions and taxes on behalf of taxpayers. The number is unique to each person and used throughout life.It's made up of two letters, six numbers and a final letter. (e.g. XX 00 00 00 X) PAYE It stands for Pay As You Earn. It is the system used by the tax office (HMRC) to tax people who are employed. This is the system that your employer or pension provider uses to take Income Tax and National Insurance contributions before they pay your wages or pension. P45 It is the reference code of a tax form titled "Details of employee leaving work" that an employer gives to an employee upon termination of employment. In other words, you’ll get a P45 from your employer when you stop working for them. This form provides information about the amount of income and total taxes paid while the person was employed. The P45 in slang terms is equivalent to "pink slip" in the United States. P60 It is a form or certificate that shows how much you have earned, and the amount of tax you have paid in the last tax year. In other words, your P60 shows the tax you’ve paid on your salary in the tax year (6 April to 5 April). You get a separate P60 for each of your jobs every tax year. P11D It is a form used to report benefits provided and expense payments made to employees by employers, that are not put through the payroll (PAYE), about their ‘benefits in kind’ (for example company cars or interest-free loans). Personal Allowance A tax-free amount of income in each tax year. The amount is called the personal allowance. If income is below that level in the tax year, no tax is due. ILR It stands for Indefinite Leave to Remain. It is the UK permanent residency and also called ‘settlement’. It gives you the right to live, work and study in UK for as long as you like. It is the equivalent of the US Green Card. US Specific Terminology These are some US specific terminologies and acronyms used in a Business context, related to taxation and legal requirements in the national territory. NAFTA It stands for North American Free Trade Agreement. It was an agreement signed by Canada, United States and Mexico that created a trilateral trade bloc in North America. It is the one of the largest trade blocs in the world by gross domestic product and resulted in the elimination or reduction of barriers to trade and investment among members. SOX / Sarbo x Compliance It stands for the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. It is a 2002 law that congress passed to increase accountability in the financial sector. The law helps ensure public companies engage in non-deceptive business accounting practices. IRS It stands for Internal Revenue Service. It is a government agency that administers tax laws and collects federal taxes from U.S. individual and corporate taxpayers. SSN It stands for Social Security Number. It is a numerical identifier assigned to U.S. citizens and other residents to track income and determine benefits. All U.S. citizens, permanent residents, and temporary or working residents have a Social Security number, with very few exceptions. TIN It stands for Tax Identification Number. It is an unique set consisting of a nine-digit number used as a tracking number by the IRS to identifies individuals, corporations, and other entities. It is mandatory for anyone filing annual tax returns with the IRS. GC It stands for Green Card. It is also known as permanent resident card. It is an identity document which shows that a person has permanent residency in the United States. W2 / W-2 It is a US form, also known as the Wage and Tax Statement. It is the document an employer is required to send to each employee and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) at the end of the year. A W-2 reports employees' annual wages and the amount of taxes withheld from their paychecks. A W-2 employee is someone whose employer deducts taxes from their paychecks and submits this information to the government. C2C It stands for Corporation-2-Corporation, or simply, Corp-2-Corp. It is a contract in which one corporation hires another corporation and pay the salaries for the work of another corporation. To work under C2C position employee must have a company settled up. 1099-Misc It is a IRS form, called 1099-MISC Miscellaneous Income or Miscellaneous Information. It is used to report certain types of miscellaneous compensation, such as rents, prizes, and awards, healthcare payments, and payments to an attorney. AERP It stands for Automated Export Reporting Program. A monthly declaration reporting exports from the US to the Bureau of the Census. SED It stands for Shipper's Export Declaration. It is a document to monitor shipments of controlled goods. HMF It stands for Harbor Maintenance Fee. It is a fee intended for who benefit from maintenance of US ports and harbors. Article written by Luiz C. Mariani Reference sources: SAP (www.sap.com ); Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.org ); Investopedia (www.investopedia.com ); Agile Alliance (www.agilealliance.org ); Brazilian Ministry of Finance ( www.gov.br ); HM Revenue & Customs ( www.gov.uk );IRS ( www.irs.gov ); Census Bureau ( www.census.gov );

Topics | SAP ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming), ABAP Tips and Tricks, Programs, Exits SAP ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) It is the name of SAP's proprietary, fourth-generation of a multi-paradigm programming language. It was specifically developed to allow the mass-processing of data in SAP business applications, utilizing procedural, object-oriented, and other programming principles. SAP Objects API ( Application Programming Interface) BAPI (Business Application Programming Interface) T-Code: BAPI BAdI (Business Add-In) It is a SAP Object Oriented enhancement technique which is used to add our own business functionality to the existing SAP standard functionality. Enhancement Point It is a point in the SAP program where customers can include further functions in the form of source code without modifying the existing program. Enhancement Section: It is the option provided explicitly by SAP to replace a block of SAP code with custom code. Function (FM: Function Module) T-Code: SE37 Function modules are ABAP routines that encapsulate program code and provide an interface for data exchange. They are stored in a central function library. They are not application-specific and are available system-wide. Program T-Code: SE38 Class T-Code: SE24 (ABAP Class Builder) The class is the smallest encapsulation unit in ABAP Objects. A method can therefore use all components of all instances of the same class apart from the components of its own instance. *** Under Construction *** Article written by Luiz C. Mariani | Published October 2023 Reference sources: SAP (www.sap.com ); SAP Support (support.sap.com ); SAP Help (help.sap.com ); SAP Blog (blogs.sap.com )

Setting up a Brazilian Company Overview Incorporation is the process by which a new or existing business registers as a company. A company is a legal entity with a separate identity from those who own or run it. The vast majority of companies are limited liability companies where the liability of the members is limited by shares or by guarantee. Here some info about Brazil, pros and cons, and legal requeriments, before deciding to registry a legal entity in national territory. Country Brazil (in English) / Brasil (in Portuguese) Capital City Brasilia (Not Rio de Janeiro. LOL) ISO Codes BR / BRA Country Code: +55 Language Portuguese Population 217 Milion Area (KM²) 8 Million Currency BRL (Brazilian Real | R$) MEI Empresário Individual Sociedade Limitada Unipessoal Sociedade Empresária Limitada Sociedade Simples Sociedade Anônima SLU criada 2019 EIRELI extinta 2021 Limited Liability Partners Minimum Share Capital Revenue Limitation Tax Regimes Incorporation Limitation Selling Company Limitation Employees Limitation Activities Limitation Local Address Local Accountant https://www.contabilizei.com.br/contabilidade-online/entenda-quais-sao-os-tipos-de-empresa-para-abrir-no-brasil/ https://agilize.com.br/blog/empreendedorismo/mei-ei-slu-e-ltda/ https://www.contabilizei.com.br/contabilidade-online/diferenca-entre-mei-ei-eireli-slu/

Topics: Chart of Depreciation; Country-Specific; Classic and New Asset Account; Customizing; Asset Class; Depreciation Areas, Depreciation Key Asset Accounting Some of the system settings in the FI-AA system are subject to different laws and guidelines in different countries. SAP provides these settings, for the most part, already preconfigured. The system uses the country-specific data in each company code that agrees with the country in the definition of the FI Company Code. However, SAP cannot take responsibility for their completeness. Summary Standard settings SAP provides the appropriate default settings for most countries SAP does not guarantee the completeness of the Country-specific data (caveat example: The maximum amount for low value assets is different in each country) You need to check the standard defaults to see if it is provided for your country All country-specific system settings are dependent on the company code You must have defined your company codes in Customizing for the FI system, and assigned countries to them Check Country-Specific Settings You can check the Country-Specific Settings in the transaction code "OA08". The system assigns the settings you make in this step to the company code (one time only) as soon as you initially assign a chart of depreciation to the company code. If you want to change these settings at a later point in time, you have to use other steps in the Implementation Guide. You can change the changeover amount for depreciation calculation under "Valuation", and other settings under Seq Transaction Name Module Reference SAP Path Comments 001 ORFA Asset Accounting Customizing FI-AA Asset Accounting Customizing 002 OA08 Check Country-Specific Settings FI-AA Check Country-Specific Settings IMG -> Financial Accounting -> Asset Accounting -> Organizational Structure -> Check Country-Specific Settings 003 EC08 Org. Copy Program: Valuation Plan FI-AA Copy Reference Chart of Depreciation/Depreciation Areas IMG -> Financial Accounting -> Asset Accounting -> Organizational Structure -> Copy Reference Chart of Depreciation/Depreciation Areas 004 AO55 Chart of Depreciation: Specify Name FI-AA Copy Reference Chart of Depreciation/Depreciation Areas IMG -> Financial Accounting -> Asset Accounting -> Organizational Structure -> Copy Reference Chart of Depreciation/Depreciation Areas 005 OADB Define Depreciation Areas FI-AA Copy Reference Chart of Depreciation/Depreciation Areas IMG -> Financial Accounting -> Asset Accounting -> Organizational Structure -> Copy Reference Chart of Depreciation/Depreciation Areas 006 OAB1 Assign Chart of Depreciation to Company Code FI-AA Assign Chart of Depreciation to Company Code IMG -> Financial Accounting -> Asset Accounting -> Organizational Structure -> Assign Chart of Depreciation to Company Code 007 AO11 Specify Number Assignment Across Company Codes FI-AA Specify Number Assignment Across Company Codes IMG -> Financial Accounting -> Asset Accounting -> Organizational Structure -> Specify Number Assignment Across Company Codes 008 SM30 (V_T095A_01) Specify Account Determination FI-AA Specify Account Determination IMG -> Financial Accounting -> Asset Accounting -> Organizational Structure -> Asset Classes -> Specify Account Determination 009 SM30 (V_T082A_01) Create Screen Layout Rules FI-AA Create Screen Layout Rules IMG -> Financial Accounting -> Asset Accounting -> Organizational Structure -> Asset Classes -> Create Screen Layout Rules 010 AS08 Define Number Range Interval FI-AA Define Number Range Interval IMG -> Financial Accounting -> Asset Accounting -> Organizational Structure -> Asset Classes -> Define Number Range Interval 011 AOAO Define Asset Classes FI-AA Define Asset Classes IMG -> Financial Accounting -> Asset Accounting -> Organizational Structure -> Asset Classes -> Define Asset Classes 012 ANK1 Specify Chart Of Dep. Dependent Screen Layout/Acct Assignment FI-AA Specify Chart-of-Dep.-Dependent Screen Layout/Acct Assignment IMG -> Financial Accounting -> Asset Accounting -> Organizational Structure -> Asset Classes -> Specify Chart-of-Dep.-Dependent Screen Layout/Acct Assignment 013 SM30 (V_T093_00N) Define How Depreciation Areas Post to General Ledger FI-AA Define How Depreciation Areas Post to General Ledger IMG -> Financial Accounting -> Asset Accounting ->Integration with General Ledger Accounting -> Define How Depreciation Areas Post to General Ledger Migration from Classic to New Asset Accounting Prepare New Asset Accounting The following activities are relevant for you if you have been using classic Asset Accounting up to now and you now want to migrate to new Asset Accounting. These and the following activities support you in migrating Customizing data; once you have completed these activities, you can activate new Asset Accounting. Migrating transaction data is not possible until after that; however, the migration of transaction data is not a part of these IMG activities. The documents from Asset Accounting are migrated as part of the migration of documents from the general ledger. You must then build the depreciation values of your fixed assets as initial. Overview of Steps To be able to use new Asset Accounting, you have to follow the steps below (among others). The steps differ depending on whether you are in the Customizing system or in Test system/Production system. Steps in the Customizing system: 1. Create prerequisites for the use of new Asset Accounting 2. Install SAP S/4HANA with new Asset Accounting 3. Follow the relevant steps for migrating to new General Ledger Accounting 4. Migrate the charts of depreciation for new Asset Accounting. Current activity and following activity; see the "Activities" section below. 5. Make additional manual settings in Customizing for new Asset Accounting (Customizing activity Perform Additional Manual Activities) 6. Check the prerequisites for activating new Asset Accounting (Customizing activity Check Prerequisites for Activating Asset Accounting New) 7. Activate the Customizing switch Customizing activity Activate New Asset Accounting Steps in the Test system and Production system (Downstream system): 8. Create prerequisites for the use of new Asset Accounting 9. Lock the test system and production system to posting 10. Install SAP S/4HANA with new Asset Accounting 11. Follow the relevant steps for migrating to new General Ledger Accounting 12. Create necessary master data (See step 5 for the Customizing system) 13. Import the new Customizing settings into your production system 14. Check in the production system whether the transport successfully imported the activated Customizing switch 15. Unlock the production system for postings Warning: When you install SAP S/4HANA, the system shows the new IMG structure Asset Accounting in the SAP Reference IMG, which also contains this activity. At the same time, the system hides the IMG structure for classic Asset Accounting Immediately after you have installed SAP S/4HANA (step 2 in the Customizing system or step 10 in the test and production system), posting is no longer possible in Asset Accounting - neither using the old logic nor the new logic. You cannot post using the new logic until after the migration of your Customizing data and transaction data (documents) After you have performed the migration and activated new Asset Accounting, it is not possible to return to using classic Asset Accounting. Classic Asset Accounting does not exist in SAP S/4HANA Requirements Steps 1 and 8: Create prerequisites for the use of new Asset Accounting (Number sequence for the steps: See above.) Before you install SAP S/4HANA, you have to ensure that the prerequisites are met. You can do so using the program for preliminary checks RASFIN_MIGR_PRECHECK. You import this program to your system by means of SAP Note 1939592 before you install SAP S/4HANA. Perform this check in all of your systems - in the Customizing system as well as in the test system and production system. Prerequisites for the use of new Asset Accounting Non-Compatible Components If you migrate to SAP S/4HANA and want to use new Asset Accounting, you are not allowed to use any of the following components: o From the Financials Extension (EA-FIN): Lease Accounting Engine (LAE) The LAE controls postings for the lessor scenario; this scenario consists of the components CRM Leasing (CRM-LAM) and Leasing Accounting (FI-LA). o Real Estate (RE), that is, classic Real Estate Management o From Funds Management (PSM-FM) or Industry-Specific Component Public Sector (IS-PS): Requests with Reference to Asset Detailed Prerequisites o You have activated the Financials Extension (EA-FIN) business function, since you need the new depreciation calculation with the Depreciation Calculation Program (DCP) from EA-FIN. Either you Depreciation Calculation Program (DCP) from EA-FIN. Either you already activated EA-FIN in any case at an earlier point in time, or you activate EA-FIN manually in your systems as part of a project, before you install SAP S/4HANA. o To map parallel accounting, you use either the ledger approach in new General Ledger Accounting or the accounts approach in classic General Ledger Accounting. o The following applies for Asset Accounting: - You have configured the classic Asset Accounting (FI-AA) application component. - Or: If you have not previously used classic Asset Accounting, you need to make all of the necessary Customizing settings for new Asset Accounting. o Check whether you can completely archive documents from deactivated company codes (this means company codes that only allow subsequent reporting). If you do not archive the documents of the company code, you must do the following: - You must migrate the assigned chart of depreciation; and - You must migrate the documents with the document migration. o The parallel currencies in the leading ledger in General Ledger Accounting and in the depreciation areas of the leading valuation in Asset Accounting must be the same. For the ledger approach, you also have to take the following into account: Company codes that are assigned to the same chart of depreciation are not allowed to be different in number and type to the parallel currencies used in General Ledger Accounting. This means, the parallel valuations of the non-leading ledger and the depreciation areas of the parallel valuation in Asset Accounting have to be congruent. If you have previously been using parallel currencies in General Ledger Accounting, but you have not implemented the corresponding parallel currency areas in Asset Accounting for all depreciation areas, you must first implement these depreciation areas before you install SAP S/4HANA. Contact your consultant. o Note that company codes that are assigned to the same chart of depreciation are not allowed to be different in number and type to the parallel currencies used in General Ledger Accounting. Preparation If, up to now, you were using classic Asset Accounting with classic General Ledger Accounting or classic Asset Accounting with new General Ledger Accounting, you have to make the following preparations: o Make sure that period-end closing was performed (the following programs (among others): RAPOST2000, RAPERB2000, reconciliation of the asset subsidiary ledger with the general ledger (account balance list and asset list, RAABST01, RAABST02). If you install SAP S/4HANA at the close of the fiscal year, you should also perform year-end closing. The year-end closing must be executed across components (so, for Asset Accounting and General Ledger Accounting), whereby the year-end closing in the components must be synchronized (so affecting the same fiscal year). The migration must definitely take place at a time when only one fiscal year is open in Asset Accounting. Note: If you have already performed a balance carryforward to future years for Asset Accounting, a migration is not possible. If this is the case, contact SAP. o Lock the users to ensure that no additional postings are made. o Make sure that the periodic asset postings (with program RAPERB2000) are completed. o Also ensure that there are no update terminations from direct postings in the system. Caution: You can no longer post once you have installed SAP S/4HANA. Posting is only possible again after you have completed the migration fully and successfully. For the installation and the migration to be successful, it is mandatory that you ensure the completeness of the postings for the period-end closing before the installation. When to install SAP S/4HANA with new Asset Accounting. From the point of view of Asset Accounting, you can install SAP S/4HANA at any time; however, it is a requirement that a period-end closing must have been completed. You need to have fully completed all periodic and current posting processes that involve Asset Accounting. You must not make any postings during the changeover. Caution: You are only allowed to perform the next steps once you have made sure that your system meets the prerequisites for installing SAP S/4HANA by using the program mentioned above for preliminary checks, RASFIN_MIGR_PRECHECK. Activities Steps 2 and 10: Install SAP S/4HANA with new Asset Accounting. You start the installation of SAP S/4HANA. Starting from this point in time, it is no longer possible to post in Asset Accounting. If you were already using classic Asset Accounting, then you only have to migrate your charts of depreciation, and check and possibly add to delta Customizing. If you were not already using Asset Accounting and now want to use it in the future, you have to completely configure your system for Asset Accounting. The following does not explain the individual steps necessary for this configuration. In the case of a complete configuration, you have to perform step 7 after the configuration is complete, and activate the Customizing switch (Activate New Asset Accounting activity). Steps 3 and 11: Follow the relevant steps for migrating to new General Ledger Accounting SAP S/4HANA is based on new General Ledger Accounting (FI-GL). If you want to use SAP S/4HANA, but were still using classic General Ledger Accounting until now, the data for General Ledger Accounting is migrated during the migration. Step 4: Migrate the charts of depreciation for new Asset Accounting. This step is necessary if you have been using classic Asset Accounting. You can either migrate the charts of depreciation automatically using the migration program, or manually. I. Check/create accounting principles Check if there are accounting principles in the system for your leading and parallel valuations. If not, then create them. You check and change Customizing for accounting principles in Customizing under Financial Accounting -> Financial Accounting Global Settings -> Ledgers -> Parallel Accounting -> Define Accounting Principles. II. Check ledgers and ledger groups The following applies to the ledger approach: One ledger with a ledger group has to exist in the system for each valuation, so for the leading valuation and the parallel valuation. This is normally ledger 0L for the leading ledger with ledger group 0L. The following applies for the accounts approach: The leading ledger with the ledger group has to have been created in the system. This represents your leading valuation. For each parallel valuation, you have to create a (new) ledger group that also contains the leading ledger as a representative ledger. The leading ledger 0L with ledger group 0L is usually created by default in the system. Check if the necessary ledgers and ledger groups have been created in the system. You change Customizing for ledgers in Customizing under Financial Accounting -> Financial Accounting Global Settings -> Ledgers -> Define Ledgers for General Ledger Accounting. You change Customizing for ledger groups in Customizing under Financial Accounting -> Financial Accounting Global Settings -> Ledgers -> Define Ledger Group. For the accounts approach, you can also have the option of having the system generate the ledger group for parallel valuation. Start the migration program (see below). The migration cannot completely take place due to the missing ledger group for parallel valuation and the missing assignment of this ledger group to an accounting principle. However, the system generates a ledger group for each valuation. Its name is made up of <& number of the leading depreciation area of the parallel valuation &>. Adjust the name of the generated ledger group, if necessary. Run the migration program again later. (See the "Migrate Charts of Accounts" section below.) III. Assign accounting principles to ledger groups You change the assignment in Customizing under Financial Accounting -> Financial Accounting Global Settings -> Ledgers -> ->Parallel Accounting -> Assign Accounting Principle to Ledger Groups. Assign the accounting principle to the ledger group for each valuation that is represented by a depreciation area in your chart of depreciation. IV. Check assignment of accounting principle for ledger/company code. Check the assignment of the accounting principle for the combination of ledger and company code in Customizing under Define Settings for Ledger and Currency Types. V. Migrate Charts of Accounts You migrate your active charts of depreciation in Customizing for Asset Accounting under Migrate Charts of Depreciation. Other Activities Before you can actually use new Asset Accounting, you have to perform the following steps from the sequence of steps listed above. In your Customizing system, these are the following steps: o Step 5: Make additional manual settings in Customizing for new Asset Accounting. See Perform Additional Manual Activities. o Step 6: Check the prerequisites for activating new Asset Accounting and o Step 7: Activate new Asset Accounting References: SAP (www.sap.com ); SAP Support (support.sap.com ); SAP Help (help.sap.com ); SAP Blog (blogs.sap.com )

The transaction SE16, used to display SAP tables, has changed over the years, adapting to new technologies and versions of SAP. Initially designed with a very basic function to display the tables contents, and a not so friendly graphics and presentation design.​ Although the SE16 is extremely used full, many times, you need to use some other transactions, like SE11, to better see the structures, or even the SQVI to make a table join, to extract the desired information. SAP S/4 HANA | SE16H General Table Display The transaction SE16, used to display SAP tables, has changed over the years, adapting to new technologies and versions of SAP. Initially designed with a very basic function to display the tables contents, and a not so friendly graphics and presentation design. Although the SE16 is extremely used full, many times, you need to use some other transactions, like SE11, to better see the structures, or even the SQVI to make a table join, to extract the desired information. With launch of a new SE16, the old ones have never been deprecated. T-Code: SE16 -> SAP R/3 and SAP ECC T-Code: SE16N -> SAP ECC New GL T-Code: SE16H -> SAP Simple Finance and SAP S/4 HANA The evolution from SE16 to SE16N hasn't changed so much. Some key points can been seem as: Better graphics and display (as many other enjoy transations provided by SAP) Addition of extra funcionalities (displaying extra information for better analysis) Variant mangement flexibility The SE16H for SAP S/4 HANA With the SE16H many other missing features have been added. Two of my favority ones: Other Join: That allows you to make join tables Column Group: That allows you to count entries in the table Hint : SAP OSS Note 1636416 "CO-OM tools: Functions of transaction SE16H". You can check out all new functionalities. New field "Database Connection" In the "Database Connection" field, you can display and select the available database connections using the input help. The accesses are then executed using the relevant database connection selected. If a database connection was selected, the input help for the "Table" field displays the tables and views that are available in SAP HANA. The number of rows is determined for the tables available. This is not possible for views. Note that the number of rows is also determined across all clients. The number of rows in your current system/client may therefore be lower than the number displayed. Note that transaction SE16H is able to check only the physical connection to the database. The table created in SAP HANA must correspond exactly to the definition in the SAP ERP Dictionary. If there are deviations (for example, different field names), transaction SE16H triggers a short dump upon access. Accesses to SAP HANA using transaction SE16H are useful only for tables that are replicated one-to-one. All other tables (for example, created in SAP HANA only) must be evaluated using the SAP HANA studio. If you leave the "Database Connection" field empty, SE16H works with all functions on the primary database of the ERP system. If this is not an SAP HANA database, extremely long runtimes can occur in this case. New field 'Formula' You can define a formula on the rows of the output table in order to perform simple calculations. New field 'Grouping Minimum' You can define the minimum number of hits for grouped fields. For example, if you enter 10, only rows into which at least 10 hits have been grouped are displayed. New column "Group" In this column, you can enter any group or set that corresponds to the relevant field (selection using F4 help is possible). This is particularly useful if groups are used, for example, account groups, order groups, and so on. Note that SE16H cannot provide any application-specific partitioning of the selection criteria as is the case, for example, in application reporting. This means that if the group has a lot of entries, the corresponding select may terminate. In this case, you must reduce the size of the group. New column "Total" If you select this field, all rows found that correspond to the grouping rule (see the new column "Group") are cumulated. As a result, you can generate aggregated views for a large amount of data that, for example, displays a value for each account for each period. A field overflow may occur if the total value is too high. This cannot be avoided because SE16H can only be used with the field definitions of the relevant table. New column "Group" If you select this field, all unselected fields are aggregated and the total for all grouping fields selected in "Total" is output. The more fields you group, the longer the runtime. New column "Sort" If you select this column, the system sorts the number of hits using this field. You can also do this using a default layout in the SAP List Viewer. However, the data is subsequently sorted, whereas the "Sort" column sorts the data directly from the database. New column "Highest/Lowest" Together with the 'Sort' column, you can define whether to sort in ascending or descending order: In practice, this means that you can use this function to determine, for example, the "5 highest postings in a cost center". The maximum number of hits determines the number of results. Example 1: You specify the table COEP, maximum number of hits 5, object number KSXXXXyyyyyyyyyy, WKGBTR sorting= X, highest/lowest = DES-Highest Value. After executing this, the system returns the five largest postings in the object together with their frequency. Example 2: Table COEP, maximum number of hits 5, grouping according to functional area and totaling using WKGBTR with sorting and "DES-Highest Value" results in the display of the five functional areas with the highest total costs. There are now various options for using these functions and also mixing them. The results are not always useful, even if the database can perform the access technically. You must think carefully what you want to achieve, and then define the relevant access. Always validate the results and check that they are correct. Transaction SE16H does not have an option to issue a message whether the access is "useful" or not. New column "Sequence" If you use the functions mentioned above (sorting with highest/lowest), the sequence in which the fields are sorted is relevant. If you enter something in this column (values from 01 to 99), the fields are sorted in the sequence from 1 to 99. If you do not enter anything in this column, the fields are sorted according to their occurrence in the table. If you mix fields that have explicit values from 01 to 99 with fields that do not have a value in this column, the fields without values are added according to their occurrence after the fields with a value. New column "Aggregate" In this column, you can choose between the aggregations "Maximum", "Minimum" and "Average". Depending on the data type, not all aggregation functions are available. You can either aggregate or group/total a field. New columns 'Having-Option' and 'Having-Value' (see SAP Note 2802623): You can define conditions for the total for fields that can be totaled up. For example, you can define that you only want to see results where the sum of all rows in a field is greater than 1,000. This option corresponds to the HAVING clause on an aggregate in SQL syntax. New field "Outer Join Definition" This function corresponds to a basic view definition for tables that contain only additional information about the selected table (for example, to read texts). You cannot map any inner joins - that is, you cannot define restrictions that must be met for more than one table. The outer join definition is used only to read additional attributes from a user-selected database connection for the selected table. This means that, for example, postings can be read from a SAP HANA database and the texts for the resulting quantity can subsequently be read from the normal ERP database (Since SAP Note 2188410, selection is possible between an inner join and outer join). This approach makes sense only if a small number of hits is expected. If the number of hits is large, the runtime is considerably longer because no actual database join is executed, but separate accesses are generated for each database connection (Since SAP Note 2794526, a complete join statement is generated from all tables. This normally improves the runtime considerably). The authorization concept for the outer join definitions is identical to that in SE16N. In other words, for each table used, the system checks whether the user has display authorization (S_TABU_DIS or S_TABU_NAM). If the user does not have authorization, the table is removed from processing. The maintenance of the outer join definitions is checked using the new authorization object S_BRWS_CUS. This object contains the following three fields: BRWS_KEY: You must assign the value 'JOIN' here. BRWS_NAME: This is the name of the join definition to be maintained. For example, you can introduce a customer-specific naming convention and check certain namespaces here. ACTVT: Assign the activities to be permitted. To maintain the outer join relationships, call transaction SE16H with the required primary table. Then choose the pushbutton beside the "Outer Join Definition" field. If no definition exists, enter a new name and choose "Create". If a definition exists, choose "Change" or "Display". SAP and customers have their own namespaces. The SAP namespace starts with a number (0-9), whereas the customer namespace contains all letters and '/'. The definitions are treated as workbench objects, which means that they are cross-client and user-independent. The name of a join definition is cross-client and must be unique for each table in the entire system. The unique name is linked with the described primary table one-to-one. If the primary tables are similar, the join definitions can also be copied to another primary table. Join definitions can be maintained in each system, but can also be transported if required. If you change an existing definition, you must call transaction SE16H again after saving your changes in order to delete the buffer. If you do not do this, the system may not display newly defined fields or may display them incorrectly. In some cases, a short dump may also occur. Note that there is no logical check of the definition. Any unwanted results may be due to an incorrect definition. On the first tab page, define the sequence in which the secondary tables are to be accessed. The sequence is relevant only if there are dependencies for the secondary tables. Example: Table C requires the field XXX from table B. For this, table B must be determined first before the field XXX for C is available. Note that the field XXX is available for C only if you define it as an output field for table B. In the "Database Connection" field, you can define the database from which the table is to be read. This means that, for example, you do not have to replicate master data texts in SAP HANA to be able to execute an actual join. Note that the input help determines the database connections of the current system only. If you want to transport the definition, make sure that you enter the database connection of the target system. The system checks whether the database connection exists (which consists of an information message only) so that you can also transport database connection names that do not exist in the source system. You can choose "Output" to define which fields of the secondary table are added to the field catalog and are finally output. The relationship of the primary table to each secondary table may have the cardinality 1:1 or 1:N. This means that if several entries in the secondary table correspond to the conditions defined by you, these are aggregated in the determined field structure. If you double-click a secondary table (or choose "Maintain details"), you can maintain the technical relationships of the table. Here, you must define how the table is accessed. For the definition, you must consider which fields you import from the primary table. If, for example, you have not defined the controlling area as a grouping field, you cannot use it for the access to text tables. In this case, you must either select it as a grouping field for the primary table or determine it from the object number using the 'complex variable' described below. For each table field required, you can select the method as the field is filled. The following methods can be selected: Reference: Here, an equivalent field from one of the previous tables is assigned to a field. You must enter both the field and the source table. Constant: Here, you can enter a fixed value. Make sure that the entry is not formatted. In other words, you must ensure that the entry corresponds to the internal technical format (Note that you can enter only one constant value for each field). Complex Variable: This corresponds to an exit in which a function module that has specific input fields is called. The required field is then determined from this. Example: In Controlling, the posting object is always posted as the object number. However, this is not transparent for the user. To convert an object number into a cost center name, for example, you can use the variable SE16N_OJ_GET_OBJECT_FROM_OBJNR. If, for example, you want to determine from the line items in CO (table COEP) the texts for cost centers, orders (and so on) to which postings are made, enter the relevant required field (KOSTL for access to CSKT, AUFNR for access to the table AUFK) and the 'complex variable' SE16N_OJ_GET_OBJECT_FROM_OBJNR. The module then determines the required object from the relevant object number generically. String Operation: A string access may also make sense for simple character-type fields. This means that, for example, you can determine the order from an order object number by accessing the object number with an offset of 3 and a length of 12. SAP Note 2795426: This option is not compatible with SAP Note 2795426 and causes the old sequential access logic to be executed. SAP Note 2886898: Following the implementation of SAP Note 2886898, the substring function can be used together with the join logic. System Field: Here, you can generally use all fields of the structure SYST that are available at ABAP runtime. Useful applications are, for example, SY-LANGU as the language of the user for access to text tables. For each method, you can also change the selection option by choosing "Option". This is useful, for example, if you want to read the time-dependent text of an object. In this case, you can define, for example, the date of the object later than or equal to SY-DATLO. This ensures that the most recent text is read. By default, the condition '=' is always used. Drilldown options in the results list By right-clicking in the results list, you can use a line for a drilldown. Example: You select the line items of CO (table COEP) and you group according to controlling area and total the controlling area currency. On the result screen, you then right-click a line and choose "Drilldown without value entry". The system displays a dialog box in which you can select additional grouping and totaling fields. You select the cost element, for example; for the selected controlling area line, the system then performs a drilldown in all existing cost elements. A new window opens during each drilldown, which means you can use both results next to each other. When you choose the "Drilldown with value entry" function, a new screen for SE16H is called in which you can also enter additional restrictions. All values of the current list are filled in the relevant fields as default values. When you choose the "Drilldown for complete list" function, a copy of the current selection is entered in a new screen for SE16H and you can change or enhance the selection. You can also specify the drilldown for the "double-click" function. To do this, call transaction SE16H and choose "Change Settings" (Ctrl+F12) on the initial screen. Under "Action with Double-Click in List", select the required function (if this is not available in the result, the system automatically switches to the standard (= detailed display)). Save your setting. Display of SQL query as ABAP program Following the implementation of SAP Note 2880334, you can display the issued SQL query as a generated ABAP report. To do this, choose F9 in the results list. The generated ABAP can be copied to a customer-specific program and enhanced there. SAP Note 2886898 develops this option further. Application examples You can map a consistency check between the SAP HANA database and the normal ERP database. (The table COEP is used as an example here.) Enter the primary table COEP in transaction SE16H. Switch to the outer join definition. Also enter the secondary table COEP. Select the SAP HANA connection as the database connection. Select the "No. of Rows" checkbox and the output field 'WKGBTR'. On the detail screen, define the following access: Table Field Method Reference fld Reference table KOKRS Reference KOKRS COEP BELNR Reference BELNR COEP Save the outer join definition and return to transaction SE16H. Group the fields KOKRS and BELNR and total them using WKGBTR. If you then choose 'Execute', COEP is read from the ERP database and the line items are read from the SAP HANA DB. On the result screen, the system then displays the total of the costs for each document from the ERP database and the SAP HANA database. In addition, the system also displays the number of rows for each document for the ERP database and the SAP HANA database. For the consistency checks, note which table is the primary table. The runtimes for consistency checks may be very long because the data volume must be read twice (from SAP HANA and also from the ERP database). For this reason, we recommend that you execute rough checks first, for example, at controlling area level. Preferably with a restriction to a specific posting period (time stamp). Perform an advanced analysis only if deviations occur. Cross-controlling-area reporting (example in CO): The postings in Controlling are all mapped with a technical object number. A cost center, order, WBS element, and so on, are converted into an object number that is used to execute the posting. You can create an object number group using transaction GS01 (or using customer ABAP). You can add objects of different controlling areas to this group. Note 1666911 delivers the report RKSE16H_CREATE_SET, which you can use to create the required object number groups. You can use cost center groups and order groups, and write the objects together into an object number group. You can also add groups of two controlling areas into an object number group (by executing twice one after the other). You then enter the group in transaction SE16H, for example, in the selection for the table COEP, and can compare several objects of different controlling areas with each other. Article written by Luiz C. Mariani | Published June 2023 Reference sources: SAP (www.sap.com ); SAP Support (support.sap.com ); SAP Help (help.sap.com ); SAP Blog (blogs.sap.com )

Topics: Implementing Brazil Localization; Purchasing and Sales Processes; Complexity of Brazilian Localization; Brazil SAP component; Financial Localization; Chart Of Accounts Referential and Template for Brazil; CNPJ / Branch | SAP Configuration; Treasure (Accounts Payable, Receivable and Bank Accounting); PIX; DDA; Brazilian Master Data; Period End Closing | Foreign Currency Valuation; Tax Localization; Brazil Taxation | NF-e Up Brazil Localization Implementing Brazil Localization SAP OSS Notes for Brazil Localization Purchasing and Sales Processes Complexity of Brazilian Localization How to Identify the correct SAP component for Brazil Financial Localization Chart Of Accounts Template for Brazil Chart Of Accounts Referential for Brazil CNPJ (National Registry of Legal Entities) CNPJ / Branch | SAP Configuration CNPJ Duplicity Check Brazilian Banking System Treasure (Accounts Payable, Receivable and Bank Accounting) PIX (Payment Method) Historical Descrip tion Brazilian Master Data Period End Closing | Foreign Currency Valuation Tax Localization Brazil Taxation | NF-e Implementing Brazil Localization When a company plans to implement SAP system in Brazil. It can count on a vast localization, tested in thousands of previous companies. However, there is a great complexity in the Brazilian localization, requiring a significant effort in configuring legal requirements. Brazilian companies are used to this complexity and usually face this challenge with due preparation, but foreign companies planning to rollout risk underestimating the effort required. An important topic is taxes. Typically, countries with a simple VAT type handle all tax activities in finance. As Brazil doesn't have VAT, but CBT, a much more complex type of indirect tax with several taxes levied by different tax authorities, the tax configuration is in charge of logistics (SD/MM), while finance (FI) is responsible for a portion withholding tax only. General Information ISO Codes: BR / BRA Country Codes: +55 Capital: Brasilia (Not Rio De Janeiro) Official Language: Portuguese (Only Official Language) Currency: BRL (Brazilian Real) Complexity Information Complexity Ranking: Very High Frequency of Legal Changes: Extremely Dynamic Interpretation of Law Text: Extremely Difficult Main SAP localization points per module Finance Financial Accounting Treasure (Accounts Payable, Receivable and Bank Accounting) Taxation (Withholding Taxes) Controlling Actual Costing (Material Ledger) WIP Revaluation Logistics Taxation (Condition Based Tax Calculation) Nota Fiscal (e-Invoicing) Nota Fiscal Inbound Automation Sales Processes (Localized Sales and Resales Processes) Procurement Processes (Localized Purchasing and Special Processes) Tax Solution SPEDs (Localized e-Reporting) SAP OSS Notes for Brazil Localization Here you can see some important OSS notes for Brazil Localization. OSS Note Description Type Region Component Explanation 2409683 KBA: S/4HANA Brazilian Localization Quickguide Country Version Brazil XX-CSC-BR (Main OSS Note) Brazil Country Version Installation 2470110 Brazil Payment Files and Bank Statement Troubleshooting Guide Banks Brazil FI-LOC-FI-BR-PMT (Main OSS Note) Brazil Bank Communication 3127880 Collective Note for Brazilian Pix Payments in Finance Banks Brazil FI-LOC-FI-BR-PMT (Main OSS Note) Brazil Bank Communication PIX Method 2996095 Brazil: PIX Payments - Announcement on new functionality Banks Brazil FI-LOC-CA-BR PIX additional funcionalities 2478949 Standard Supported Scenarios in Brazil Localization Logistics Brazil FI-LOC-MM-BR Logistics Scenarios 1706309 CI BR: CBT - Condition-Based Tax Calculation Brazil Taxes Brazil FI-LOC-MM-BR (Main OSS Note) CBT Brazil - MP135 - Indirect Tax / Withholding Tax 2259931 FAQ of Brazil's EC87 and NT003 solutions Taxes Brazil FI-LOC-LO-BR 2769261 Populating ZIP Codes (CEP) and Tax Jurisdiction Codes Lists Taxes Brazil FI-LOC-LO-BR 2626144 Brazilian Tax Jurisdiction Solution Troubleshooting Guide Taxes Brazil FI-LOC-LO-BR 2941006 Brazil Nota Fiscal Eletrônica (NFe) Troubleshooting Guide NF-e Brazil FI-LOC-NFE-BR-OUT 2490129 Brazil Reporting Troubleshooting Guide Reporting Brazil FI-LOC-FI-BR-REP 2475189 ERP Brazil Localization reports out of maintenance for SAP ERP 6.0 Reporting Brazil FI-LOC-FI-BR-REP (Deprecated) Reports out of maintenance by SAP, due its legislation is out of date and is not valid according to the Localization scope definition 2544766 Brazil Withholding Taxes Troubleshooting Guide Taxes Brazil FI-LOC-FI-BR-WHT 2374911 FAQ of Brazil GRC NF-e Inbound Automation solution scenarios NF-e Brazil FI-LOC-NFE-BR-IN 2776753 Electronic Document Processing for Brazil Inbound NF-e: Implementation Overview NF-e Brazil CA-GTF-CSC-EDO-BR 3298377 BR_Brazil Localization - Setup & Taxes Taxes Brazil SBO-REP-FIN-FIN 108559 Historical Description Reporting Brazil XX-CSC-BR 2490213 TDF Add-on Troubleshooting Guide TDF Brazil FIN-TMF-BR 2924050 TDF: ECD Troubleshooting Guide TDF Brazil FIN-TMF-BR 2922987 TDF: ECF Troubleshooting Guide TDF Brazil FIN-TMF-BR 2924063 TDF: EFD Contribuições Troubleshooting Guide TDF Brazil FIN-TMF-BR 2562251 TDF: CIAP Troubleshooting Guide TDF Brazil FIN-TMF-BR-CIAP 2922995 TDF: EFD REINF Troubleshooting Guide TDF Brazil FIN-TMF-BR-ESO 2922996 TDF: eSocial Troubleshooting Guide TDF Brazil FIN-TMF-BR-ESO Purchasing and Sales Processes These are some examples of localized logistics processes. Although sometimes there is an inherent complexity in SD pricing, in Brazil, the complexity of the operation and purchasing processes, including also inventory management, can be much greater in procurement (MM). And in sales, if the company sells not only goods, but services, then the complexity of sales processes can increase significantly. Sales (SD) Consignment Sales Future Delivery Sales Triangular Transactions (Third Party Sales) Sale with Returnable Packaging Sales Return (Return with original NF and issuing incoming NF) Sales Return (Return with NF and issued by the customer) Procurement (MM) Purchase Operations with Goods Receipt for: Industrialization Resales Use and Consumption Assets Services Freight Complexity of Brazilian Localization When a company plans to implement SAP system in Brazil. It can count on a vast localization, tested in thousands of previous companies. However, there is a great complexity in the Brazilian localization, requiring a significant effort in configuring legal requirements. Brazilian companies are used to this complexity and usually face this challenge with due preparation, but foreign companies planning to rollout risk underestimating the effort required . Legal Requeriment Impact on SAP Fiscal Bookkeeping on Branch Level "Business Place" as an additional organizational unit Federal, State and Municipal Taxation Very Complex Tax Calculation Tax On Circulation of Goods Tax processes impacting logistics, for example, tax calculation in stock transfers Electronic Tax Receipt Online authorization process requiring complex messaging architecture and impacting logistics processes Fiscal Bookkeeping Extremely complex reports on virtually all of the Company's physical, accounting and tax flows item by item. Public System of Digital Bookkeeping (SPED). Varios magnetic files on the federal, state and municipal levels. Localization Effort Each country may have its degrees of complexity in its localization. Take this chart as an example. Having United Kingdom with low complexity, Mexico with medium complexity and Russia and Brazil with high complexity. Unlike Russia, Brazil has the greatest complexity in logistics. That makes Brazil so complex. The Brazil localization is embedded in the logistics processes, as, unlike other countries with simple VAT in their financial processes, the Condition Based Tax Calculation is deeply rooted in the inbound and outbound processes. Look this chart with an example of localization effort Financial versus Logistics Brazilian Tax Complexity Among Developing Countries Comparing the legal requirements complexity, among developing countries, Brazil has not developed an optimized tax reform, like developed countries or even developing countries, causing a complex tax calculation compounded by different jurisdictions such as federal, state and municipal for goods circulation, industrialization, consumption, services, social security and others. Looking in the map below you can see the average hours per year that a company spends to prepare and pay taxes. Brazil is by far the 1st country with the largest number of hours spent to prepare and pay taxes, with more than 1,500 hours in total. You can see on the map the list of developed, developing and under developed countries and compared to other countries around the world, the complexity and time to prepare and pay taxes put Brazil in a unique group with characteristics that make it so hard to do so. ▀ Developed ▀ Developing ▀ Least developed ▀ Data unavailable How to Identify the correct SAP component for Brazil Below you can see the SAP components related to Brazil in SAP support marketplace. These components are important to narrow Brazil Support SAP Notes to find the right solution for your issue. It is also important if you want to raise a ticket regarding the Brazilian localization solution in SAP Product Support. SAP Support Marketplace : https://support.sap.com/ SAP Co mponents XX-CSC-BR Subjects: Installation, localization Brazil in general about covered processes, what is supported and more. XX-CSC-BR-MM Subjects: Material movements in general, Nota Fiscal creation via material movement process, accounting document creation, Calculation Procedure TAXBRA / TAXBRJ and more. Hint: All the Process will be covered, such as, Subcontracting, Consignment, STO, Stock Transfer via MM, Ordinary Purchase Order process, Future Delivery, Third Party, RTP and more. XX-CSC-BR-SD Subjects: Sales orders, agreements, billing process, delivery process, calculation procedure RVABRA and more. XX-CSC-BR-FI Subjects: Payments in generation, integration, withholding taxes in payment time and more. XX-CSC-BR-NFE Subjects: Electronic Nota Fiscal, issues with fields mapping, Nota fiscal Monitor, Notas Fiscais rejected reason and more. XX-CSC-BR-NFEIN Subjects: GRC NFE Incoming Automation, issues in the fiscal / logistic monitor, regarding the process, customizations, posting automation MIGO / MIRO and more. SLL-NFE Subjects: SAP GRC NFE product, performance, Notas Fiscais that got stuck in GRC, sending to SEFAZ, receiving the reply from SEFAZ, batches generation, signature and more. XX-CSC-BR-REP Subjects: Legal reports in all process, SPED EFD, SPED ECD, Model 1, Model 2, Model 7 and more. Hint : You can see more by checking the SAP Note 1904179 (Brazil: How to Identify the correct component for Support). Chart Of Accounts Template for Brazil You can use this available template to get an idea of what accounts are needed to be created for Brazil in the global chart of accounts. Keep in mind that the actual accounts required depend on the processes implemented in the company. You can see the official Chart of Accounts template (SAP S/4HANA 2020) in the table below. Filter by Brazilian Accounts Account Description BR Acc Type Functional Area Recon Acc Tax Categ Post Auto OI Manage Sort key Without Tax Only Local Crcy 0010010000 Petty Cash BS 003 X 0010020000 Petty Cash Journal - postings automatic only BS X 003 X 0011001000 Bank 1 - Bank (Main) Account BS 027 X 0011001010 Bank 1 - Cash Payment BS 001 0011001020 Bank 1 - Bank Transfer (Domestic/SEPA/Foreign) BS X 0011001030 Bank 1 - Other Interim Transfers BS X 0011001040 Bank 1 - Direct Debit BS X 0011001050 Bank 1 - Checks Out BS X 0011001060 Bank 1 - Checks In BS X 0011001070 Bank 1 - Check Clearing Account BS X 0011001080 Bank 1 - Cash Receipt BS X 0011001090 Bank 1 - Technical Account for Bank Statement BS X 0011001091 Bank 1 - Refunds / Repayments (FI-CA) BS X 0011001092 Bank 1 - Clarification (FI-CA) BS X 0011001099 Bank 1 - Foreign Currency Adjustment BS 001 0011001100 Bank 1 - Bank (Main) Account Foreign Currency BS 027 X 0011002000 Bank 2 - Bank (Main) Account BS 027 X 0011002010 Bank 2 - Cash Payment BS X 0011002020 Bank 2 - Bank Transfer (Domestic/SEPA/Foreign) BS X 0011002030 Bank 2 - Other Interim Transfers BS X 0011002040 Bank 2 - Direct Debit BS X 0011002050 Bank 2 - Checks Out BS X 0011002060 Bank 2 - Checks In BS X 0011002070 Bank 2 - Check Clearing Account BS X 0011002080 Bank 2 - Cash Receipt BS X 0011002090 Bank 2 - Technical Account for Bank Statement BS X 0011002091 Bank 2 - Refunds / Repayments (FI-CA) BS X 0011002092 Bank 2 - Clarification (FI-CA) BS X 0011002099 Bank 2 - Foreign Currency Adjustment BS 001 0011008000 Bank 3 - Digital Payments Acquirer Bank BS 027 X 0011008030 Bank 3 - Digital Payments Transfer Account BS X 0011008070 Bank 3 - Digital Payments Acquirer Clrng (Stlmnt) BS X 009 0011008099 Bank 3 - Foreign Currency Adjustment BS 001 0011999000 Bank 4 - External Payments Account BS 027 X 0011999030 Bank 4 - External Payments Clearing Account BS X 0011999099 Bank 4 - Foreign Currency Adjustment BS 001 0012021000 Short Term Investments, Unaffiliated(TRM) BS 001 X 0012021100 Short Term Investments, Affili., No Consolid.(TRM) BS 001 X 0012021200 Short Term Investments, Affiliated, Consolid.(TRM) BS 001 X 0012041000 Derivatives Valuation Balances, Unaffiliated(TRM) BS 001 X 0012041100 Derivatives Valuation Bal, Affil., No Consol.(TRM) BS 001 X 0012041200 Derivatives Valuation Bal, Affili., Consolid.(TRM) BS 001 X 0012042000 Derivatives Assets, Unaffiliated(TRM) BS 001 X 0012042100 Derivatives Assets, Affiliated, No Consolid.(TRM) BS 001 X 0012042200 Derivatives Assets, Affiliated, Consolidation(TRM) BS 001 X 0012100000 Receivables Domestic BS D * x 0012100100 Receivables Domestic - One Time Accounts BS D * 0012100200 Receivable - Contract Accounts BS V * X 0012101500 Receivables due > 1 year (FI-CA) BS 001 0012102000 Receivables Domestic Adjustments BS 001 0012102100 Receivables Adjustment (RAR) BS 0012102500 Receivable Adjustments due > 1 year (FI-CA) BS 001 0012103000 Rcvl. Adj. for Cust. with a Cred. Balance (FI-CA) BS 001 0012110000 Other Down Payments Made Current Assets BS K * 012 x 0012119000 Down Payment Requests Vendors BS K * 026 x 0012119100 Outgoing Payment (Request) (FI-CA) BS V * 0012120000 Receivables Foreign BS D * x 0012120100 Receivables Foreign - One Time Accounts BS D * x 0012122000 Receivables Foreign Adjustments BS 001 X 0012200000 Lease Receivables - Land & Land Improvements (ROU) BS + 001 X X 0012200100 Lease Receivables - Buildings (ROU) BS + 001 X X 0012200200 Lease Receivables - Machinery & Equipment (ROU) BS + 001 X X 0012200300 Lease Receivables - Motor Vehicles (ROU) BS + 001 X X 0012200400 Lease Receivables - Office Equipment (ROU) BS + 001 X X 0012200500 Lease Receivables - Furniture and Fixtures (ROU) BS + 001 X X 0012200600 Lease Receivables-Compt Hardwr and Eqpmt(ROU) BS + 001 X X 0012300000 Receivables affiliated Companies BS D * x 0012400000 Allowance for Doubtful Receivables BS D 0012401000 Individual Value Adjustments for Receivables BS D 0012401100 Allowance for Doubtful Receivables(Valuation) BS 001 X 0012401200 Doubtful Receivables (FI-CA) BS 001 X 0012401300 Offset Account for Doubtful Receivables (FI-CA) BS 001 X 0012401400 Allowance for Bad Debt-Ind Val Value Adjust(FI-CA) BS 001 X 0012401500 Allowance for Bad Debt-Flat Rate Val Adj. (FI-CA) BS 001 X 0012410000 Clearing of Granted Warranties to Customers BS X X 001 0012501000 Clearing Interest Receivables BS X X 001 0012510000 Accounts Receivable - BoE Receivable BS D * 001 0012530000 Accounts Receivable - Payment Cards BS X 001 X 0012530100 Accounts Receivable - External Payments Clearing BS X 001 X 0012530110 Accounts Receivable - External Payments BS X 001 X 0012530200 Accounts Receivable - Payment Cards (FI-CA) BS X 0012530300 Accounts Receivable - Paypal (FI-CA) BS X 0012540000 Other Receivables (no recon acct) BS X 001 0012550000 Unbilled Revenue BS * 001 x 0012562000 Deferred Income BS + X 001 X 0012590000 Vendors with a Debit Balance BS 001 X 0012608000 Tax Transference of Establishment BS 0012614000 Input Tax (ICx) BS X 016 0012614100 ICMS Short Term Investment Credit (BR) BR BS X 016 0012614110 ICMS Long Term Investment Credit (BR) BR BS X 016 0012614120 ICMS Residual Investment Credit (BR) BR BS X 016 0012614130 ICMS Retirement Credit Balance (BR) BR BS X 016 0012660000 Reclaimable Tax for Interest Income(TRM) BS 001 X 0012701000 Accr. Interest Inc./Defer. Int. Exp., Unaffi.(TRM) BS 001 X 0012701100 Accr. Int. Inc./Defer. Int. Exp., Aff., NoCo.(TRM) BS 001 X 0012701200 Accr. Int. Inc./Defer. Int. Exp., Affi., Con.(TRM) BS 001 X 0013100000 Inventory - Raw Material BS * X X X 0013200000 Inventory - Work In Progress BS * X X 0013210000 WIP BS X 0013300000 Inventory - Semi Finished Goods BS * X X X 0013400000 Inventory - Finished Goods BS * X X X 0013500000 Inventory - Packaging Materials BS * X x X 0013600000 Inventory - Trading Goods BS * X x X 0013601000 Inventory Adjustment Account BS X 0013602000 Remittance GoodsConsignment(Active Clearing-BR) BR BS X 0013701400 WIP Deferred Revenue BS 0013711100 WIP Accrued Revenue BS 0013711400 WIP Accrued Revenue BS 0013711900 WIP Unbilled Revenue BS 0013715600 WIP Accrued Revenue On Account Adjustment BS 0013811100 Deferrals Revenue BS 0013815600 Deferrals Revenue - On Account Adjustment BS 0015200000 Salary and Wages Advances BS X X 0016000000 Land & Land Improvements BS A * x 0016001000 Buildings BS A * x 0016002000 Machinery & Equipment BS A * x 0016003000 Building Improvements BS A * x 0016004000 Motor Vehicles BS A * x 0016005000 Office Equipment BS A * x 0016006000 Furniture and Fixtures BS A * x 0016007000 Computer Hardware and Equipment BS A * x 0016008000 Computer Software BS A * x 0016009000 Assets under Construction BS A * x 0016010000 Down Payments made on Tangible Assets w/o FI-AA BS K * 012 x 0016014000 Technical Clrng Acct Integrated Asset Acquisition BS A * x 0016014100 Clearing Account for Asset Acquisition BS 008 0016015000 Offsetting Account Revaluation APC BS 0016020000 Low Value Assets BS A * x 0016050000 Land & Land Improvements (ROU) BS A * 001 X 0016051000 Buildings (ROU) BS A * 001 X 0016052000 Machinery & Equipment (ROU) BS A * 001 X 0016054000 Motor Vehicles (ROU) BS A * 001 X 0016055000 Office Equipment (ROU) BS A * 001 X 0016056000 Furniture and Fixtures (ROU) BS A * 001 X 0016057000 Computer Hardware and Equipment (ROU) BS A * 001 X 0016059000 Leasing Clearing Account BS - 001 0017000000 Accumulated Depreciation - Land Improvements BS A 0017001000 Accumulated Depreciation - Buildings BS A 0017002000 Accumulated Depreciation - Machinery & Equipment BS A 0017003000 Accumulated Depreciation - Building Improvements BS A 0017004000 Accumulated Depreciation - Motor Vehicles BS A 0017005000 Accumulated Depreciation - Office Equipment BS A 0017006000 Accumulated Depreciation - Furniture and Fixtures BS A 0017007000 Accumulated Depreciation - Computer Hardware BS A 0017008000 Accumulated Depreciation - Computer Software BS A 0017020000 Accumulated Depreciation - Low Value Assets BS A 0017050000 Accumulated Depreciation - Land Improvements (ROU) BS A * 001 X 0017051000 Accumulated Depreciation - Buildings (ROU) BS A * 001 X 0017052000 Accumulated Depr'n - Machinery & Equipment (ROU) BS A * 001 X 0017054000 Accumulated Depreciation - Motor Vehicles (ROU) BS A * 001 X 0017055000 Accumulated Depreciation - Office Equipment (ROU) BS A * 001 X 0017056000 Accumulated Depr'n Fixtures Fittings (ROU) BS A * 001 X 0017057000 Accumulated Depreciation - Computer Hardware (ROU) BS A * 001 X 0018030000 Long Term Investments, Unaffiliated(TRM) BS 001 X 0018030100 Long Term Investments, Affili., No Consolid.(TRM) BS 001 X 0018030200 Long Term Investments, Affiliated, Consolid.(TRM) BS 001 X 0019210000 Other Receivables > 1 year BS 001 X 0021100000 Payables Domestic BS K * 0021100100 Payables Domestic - One Time Accounts BS K * 0021102000 Payables Domestic Adjustments BS 001 X 0021105000 Travel Expenses Payable BS K * 001 0021110000 Goods Received/Invoice Received Consignt/Pipeline BS * X 029 X X 0021120000 Goods Received/Invoice Received BS * X X 014 x X 0021122000 Goods Received / Invoice Received Adjustment BS 001 X 0021180000 Customers with a Credit Balance BS 001 0021185000 Customers with a Credit Balance (FI-CA) BS 001 0021185100 Security deposit (Request)(FI-CA) BS V * 0021186000 Down payment-Customers (FI-CA) BS V * 0021190000 Down Payments-Customers (sp ind A) BS D * 031 x 0021191000 Down Payment Requests-Customers (Sp Ind F) BS D * 031 x 0021191100 Contract Liability for Down Payments BS 001 0021191200 Contract Liability for Down Payment Requests BS 001 0021192000 Adjustment account down payments received BS 001 0021200000 Payables Foreign BS K * x 0021200100 Payables Foreign - One Time Accounts BS K * x 0021202000 Payables Foreign Adjustments BS 001 X 0021300000 Payables affiliated Companies BS K * x 0021320000 Lease Out Clearing Account (ROU) BS + 001 X 0021508000 Payroll - Garnishment BS X 016 0021509000 Payroll - Workers' Compensation Association BS X 016 0021517000 Other Personnel Costs BS X 0021518000 Document split acct (trip costs co.code clrg HR) BS X 016 0021519000 Payroll Allocation BS X 016 0021520000 IPI to Recover (BR) BR BS 0021521000 ICMS to Recover (BR) BR BS 0021522000 IR to Recover (BR) BR BS * x 0021522100 IRRF to Recover - Financial Investment(BR) BR BS 001 0021523000 TAX Transfer Plant (BR) BR BS 0021524000 PIS to Recover (BR) BR BS 0021525000 ISS to Recover (BR) BR BS 0021526000 COFINS to Recover (BR) BR BS 0021527000 CSLL to Recover (BR) BR BS 0021527100 INSS to Recover (BR) BR BS * X 0021530000 Tax - ICMS to Pay (BR) BR BS 0021530001 ICMS to Recover - UF Origem (Partilha) (BR) BR BS 0021530002 ICMS to Recover - UF Destino (Partilha) (BR) BR BS 0021530003 FCP / FECOEP To Recover (Partilha) (BR) BR BS 0021530004 ICMS - ST (Substituição Tributária) (BR) BR BS 0021530005 FCP to Pay to Destination State (BR) BR BS * 001 X X 0021530006 FCP to Pay to State of Invoice Issuer (BR) BR BS * 001 X X Chart Of Accounts Referential for Brazil Brazil has a Country Chart of Accounts, called the Referential Chart of Accounts, which is used specifically in the Electronic Report issued to the Government, but this does not mean that it is necessary to create a Country Chart of Accounts. Depending on the 3rd party solution, it can be provided in different ways. You can see the official Reference Chart of Accounts in the table below. Accounts Description Level Type Nature Valid From Valid To 1 ATIVO 1 Synthetic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01 ATIVO CIRCULANTE 2 Synthetic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01 DISPONIBILIDADES 3 Synthetic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.01 CAIXA GERAL 4 Synthetic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.01.01 Caixa Matriz 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.01.02 Caixa Filiais 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.02 DEPÓSITOS BANCÁRIOS À VISTA 4 Synthetic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.02.01 Bancos Conta Movimento - No País 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.02.02 Bancos Conta Movimento - No Exterior 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.04 NUMERÁRIOS EM TRÂNSITO 4 Synthetic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.04.01 Numerários em Trânsito 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.05 TÍTULOS E VALORES MOBILIÁRIOS - NÃO HEDGE - NO PAÍS 4 Synthetic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.05.01 Títulos para Negociação - Mensurados a Valor Justo Por Meio do Resultado (VJPR) - No País 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.05.02 Títulos Disponíveis para Venda - No País 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.05.03 Títulos Mantidos até o Vencimento - No País 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.05.10 Debêntures emitidas por Partes Relacionadas - No País 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.05.11 Debêntures Emitidas por Partes Não Relacionadas - No País 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.05.15 Outros Empréstimos e Recebíveis - No País 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.05.50 (-) Juros a Apropriar Decorrentes de Ajuste a Valor Presente (AVP) - Valores Mobiliários - No País 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.05.55 (-) Perdas por Redução ao Valor Recuperável (Impairment)- Valores Mobiliários - No País 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.05.70 Subconta - Ajuste a Valor Justo - Valores Mobiliários – Não Hedge -No País 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.05.90 Subconta – Adoção Inicial - Valores Mobiliários – Não Hedge - No País 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.06 VALORES MOBILIÁRIOS - HEDGE - NO PAÍS 4 Synthetic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.06.01 Derivativos - Hedge Valor Justo - No País 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.06.02 Derivativos - Hedge Fluxo de Caixa - No País 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.06.03 Derivativos - Hedge Investimento no Exterior - No País 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.06.70 Subconta - Ajuste a Valor Justo - Valores Mobiliários – Hedge - No País 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.06.90 Subconta – Adoção Inicial - Valores Mobiliários – Hedge - No País 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.09 TÍTULOS E VALORES MOBILIÁRIOS - NÃO HEDGE - NO EXTERIOR 4 Synthetic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.09.01 Títulos para Negociação - Mensurados a Valor Justo por Meio de Resultado (VJPR) - No Exterior 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.09.02 Títulos Disponíveis para Venda - No Exterior 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.09.03 Títulos Mantidos até o Vencimento - No Exterior 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.09.10 Debêntures emitidas por Partes Relacionadas - No Exterior 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.09.11 Debêntures emitidas por Partes Não Relacionadas - No Exterior 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.09.15 Outros Empréstimos e Recebíveis - No Exterior 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.09.50 (-) Juros a Apropriar Decorrentes de Ajuste a Valor Presente (AVP) - Valores Mobiliários - No Exterior 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.09.55 (-) Perdas por Redução ao Valor Recuperável (Impairment)- Valores Mobiliários - No Exterior 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.09.70 Subconta - Ajuste a Valor Justo - Não Hedge - No Exterior 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.09.90 Subconta – Adoção Inicial - Valores Mobiliários – Não Hedge - No Exterior 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.10 VALORES MOBILIÁRIOS - HEDGE - NO EXTERIOR 4 Synthetic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.10.01 Derivativos - Hedge Valor Justo - No Exterior 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.10.02 Derivativos - Hedge Fluxo de Caixa - No Exterior 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.10.03 Derivativos - Hedge Investimento no Exterior - No Exterior 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.10.70 Subconta - Ajuste a Valor Justo - Valores Mobiliários – Hedge - No Exterior 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.10.90 Subconta – Adoção Inicial - Valores Mobiliários – Hedge - No Exterior 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.40 RECURSOS NO EXTERIOR DECORRENTES DE EXPORTAÇÃO 4 Synthetic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.40.01 Recursos no Exterior Decorrentes de Exportação 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.99 OUTRAS DISPONIBILIDADES 4 Synthetic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.01.99.01 Outras Disponibilidades 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02 CRÉDITOS 3 Synthetic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.01 ADIANTAMENTOS 4 Synthetic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.01.01 Adiantamentos a Fornecedores - no País – Circulante 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.01.02 Adiantamentos a Fornecedores - no Exterior – Circulante 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.01.03 Adiantamentos a Funcionários – Circulante 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.01.04 Adiantamentos a Terceiros – Circulante 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.01.98 Outros Adiantamentos – Circulante 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.02 DUPLICATAS A RECEBER 4 Synthetic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.02.01 Duplicatas a Receber – Operações com Partes Não Relacionadas - no País 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.02.02 Duplicatas a Receber - Operações com Partes Não Relacionadas - no Exterior 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.02.03 Duplicatas a Receber - Operações com Partes Relacionadas - no País 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.02.04 Duplicatas a Receber - Operações com Partes Relacionadas - no Exterior 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.02.50 (-) Juros a Apropriar Decorrentes de Ajuste da Valor Presente (AVP) – Duplicatas a Receber 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.02.52 (-) Perdas Estimadas em Créditos de Liquidação Duvidosa - Duplicatas a Receber 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.02.55 (-) Perdas por Redução ao Valor Recuperável (Impairment) - Duplicatas a Receber 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.02.90 Subconta – Adoção Inicial - Duplicatas a Receber 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.03 TRIBUTOS A RECUPERAR 4 Synthetic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.03.01 IPI a Recuperar 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.03.02 ICMS a Recuperar 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.03.03 PIS a Recuperar - Crédito Básico 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.03.04 PIS a Recuperar - Crédito Presumido 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.03.05 COFINS a Recuperar - Crédito Básico 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.03.06 COFINS a Recuperar - Crédito Presumido 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.03.07 CIDE a Recuperar 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.03.40 Outros Impostos e Contribuições a Recuperar 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.03.50 (-) Juros a Apropriar Decorrentes de Ajuste a Valor Presente (AVP) - Tributos a Recuperar 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.03.55 (-) Perdas por Redução ao Valor Recuperável (Impairment) - Tributos a Recuperar 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.04 TRIBUTOS A COMPENSAR 4 Synthetic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.04.01 Imposto de Renda Retido na Fonte (IRRF) 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.04.02 IRPJ Recolhido por Estimativa 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.04.03 IRPJ Saldo Negativo 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.04.04 CSLL Retida na Fonte 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.04.05 CSLL Recolhida por Estimativa 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.04.06 CSLL Saldo Negativo 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.04.07 PIS/PASEP Retido na Fonte 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.04.08 PIS/PASEP a Compensar 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.04.09 COFINS Retida na Fonte 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.04.10 COFINS a Compensar 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.04.11 IPI a Compensar 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.04.12 IOF a Compensar 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.04.13 Imposto de Importação a Compensar 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.04.14 Imposto de Exportação a Compensar 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.04.15 ITR a Compensar 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.04.16 CIDE a Compensar 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.04.17 Contribuição Previdenciária Retida na Prestação de Serviços 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.04.18 Contribuição Previdenciária a Compensar 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.04.40 Outros Tributos a Compensar 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.04.50 ( - ) Juros a Apropriar Decorrentes de Ajuste a Valor Presente (AVP) - Tributos a Compensar 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.04.55 ( - ) Perdas por Redução ao Valor Recuperável (Impairment)- Tributos a Compensar 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.09 OUTROS CRÉDITOS – CIRCULANTE 4 Synthetic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.09.01 Mútuos com Partes Não Relacionadas – Circulante - No País 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.09.02 Mútuos com Partes Não Relacionadas – Circulante - No Exterior 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.09.03 Dividendos a Receber - Circulante - No País 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.09.04 Dividendos a Receber - Circulante - No Exterior 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.09.05 Juros Sobre o Capital Próprio a Receber - Circulante 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.09.06 Adiantamento para Futuro Aumento de Capital –Ativo - Circulante 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.09.07 Outros Juros a Receber - Circulante 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.09.09 Contraprestação Contingente Ativa - Combinação de Negócios - Circulante 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.09.10 Demais Créditos a Receber - Circulante 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.09.11 Depósitos em Contencioso - Circulante 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.09.12 Outros Créditos em Contencioso - Circulante 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.09.20 Direitos Creditórios Cedidos 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.09.21 (-) Deságio na Cessão de Títulos 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.09.25 Direitos Creditórios a Receber 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.09.50 (-) Juros a Apropriar Decorrentes de Ajuste a Valor Presente (AVP) – Outros Créditos - Circulante 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.09.55 (-) Perdas por Redução ao Valor Recuperável (Impairment) - Outros Créditos - Circulante 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.02.09.60 CPC 47 - Atvos de Contrato - Circulante 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2018 1.01.02.09.70 Subconta - Ajuste a Valor Justo – Outros Créditos - Circulante 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03 ESTOQUES 3 Synthetic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.01 ESTOQUES DE MERCADORIAS 4 Synthetic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.01.01 Mercadorias para Revenda 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.01.55 (-) Perda por Ajuste ao Valor Realizável Líquido - Estoque Mercadorias 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.01.70 Subconta - Ajuste a Valor Justo - Estoque Mercadorias 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.01.75 ( - ) Subconta – Ajuste a Valor Presente (AVP) - Estoque Mercadorias 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.01.90 Subconta – Adoção Inicial - Estoques de Mercadorias 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.02 ESTOQUES DE PRODUTOS 4 Synthetic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.02.01 Insumos (materiais diretos) 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.02.02 Outros Materiais 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.02.03 Produtos em Elaboração 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.02.04 Produtos Acabados 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.02.55 (-) Perda por Ajuste ao Valor Realizável Líquido - Estoque Produtos 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.02.70 Subconta - Ajuste a Valor Justo - Estoque de Produtos 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.02.75 ( - ) Subconta – Ajuste a Valor Presente (AVP) - Estoque de Produtos 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.02.90 Subconta – Adoção Inicial - Estoques de Produtos 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.03 ESTOQUES - ATIVIDADE IMOBILIÁRIA 4 Synthetic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.03.01 Terrenos - Atividade Imobiliária 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.03.02 Imóveis Adquiridos para Revenda - Atividade Imobiliária 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.03.03 Obras em Andamento - Atividade Imobiliária 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.03.04 Imóveis à Venda - Atividade Imobiliária 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.03.05 Construções em Andamento de Imóveis Destinados à Venda 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.03.06 Materiais de Construção - Atividade Imobiliária 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.03.55 (-) Perda por Ajuste ao Valor Realizável Líquido - Estoque Atividade Imobiliária 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.03.75 ( - ) Subconta – Ajuste a Valor Presente (AVP) - Estoque Atividade Imobiliária 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.03.90 Subconta – Adoção Inicial - Estoques – Atividade Imobiliária 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.04 ESTOQUES - LONGA MATURAÇÃO 4 Synthetic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.04.01 Insumos (materiais diretos) - Estoque Longa Maturação 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.04.02 Outros Materiais - Estoque Longa Maturação 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.04.03 Produtos em Elaboração - Estoque Longa Maturação 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.04.04 Produtos Acabados - Estoque Longa Maturação 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.04.55 (-) Perda por Ajuste ao Valor Realizável Líquido - Estoque Longa Maturação 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.04.70 Subconta - Ajuste a Valor Justo - Estoque Longa Maturação 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.04.75 ( - ) Subconta – Ajuste a Valor Presente (AVP) - Estoque Longa Maturação 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.04.90 Subconta – Adoção Inicial - Estoques – Longa Maturação 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.05 ESTOQUES - ATIVIDADE RURAL 4 Synthetic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.05.01 Produtos Agropecuários de Origem Animal 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.05.02 Produtos Agropecuários de Origem Vegetal 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.05.03 Insumos Agropecuários 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.05.04 Outros Materiais - Atividade Rural 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.05.55 (-) Perda por Ajuste ao Valor Realizável Líquido - Estoque Atividade Rural 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.05.70 Subconta - Ajuste a Valor Justo - Estoque Atividade Rural 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.05.75 ( - ) Subconta – Ajuste a Valor Presente (AVP) - Estoque Atividade Rural 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.05.90 Subconta – Adoção Inicial - Estoques – Atividade Rural 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.06 ESTOQUES SERVIÇOS 4 Synthetic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.06.01 Materiais Aplicados na Produção de Serviços 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.06.02 Serviços em Andamento 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.06.03 Serviços Acabados 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.06.55 (-) Perda por Ajuste ao Valor Realizável Líquido - Estoque Serviços 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.06.70 Subconta - Ajuste a Valor Justo - Estoque Serviços 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.06.75 ( - ) Subconta – Ajuste a Valor Presente (AVP) - Estoque Serviços 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.06.90 Subconta – Adoção Inicial - Estoque Serviços 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.07 ESTOQUES (OUTROS) 4 Synthetic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.07.01 Material em Almoxarifado 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.07.02 Material Destinado à Destruição 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.07.03 Sucata 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.07.04 Outros Estoques 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.07.55 (-) Perda por Ajuste ao Valor Realizável Líquido - Estoques Outros 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.07.75 ( - ) Subconta – Ajuste a Valor Presente (AVP) - Estoque Outros 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.03.07.90 Subconta – Adoção Inicial - Estoque Outros 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.05 DESPESAS DO EXERCÍCIO SEGUINTE 3 Synthetic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.05.01 DESPESAS DO EXERCÍCIO SEGUINTE 4 Synthetic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.05.01.01 Alugueis Pagos Antecipadamente 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.05.01.02 Prêmios de Seguros a Apropriar 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.05.01.03 Encargos Financeiros a Apropriar 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.05.01.09 Outros Custos e Despesas Pagos Antecipadamente 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.10 ATIVO BIOLÓGICO - CIRCULANTE 3 Synthetic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.10.01 ATIVO BIOLÓGICO AVALIADO PELO VALOR JUSTO – CIRCULANTE 4 Synthetic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.10.01.01 Ativo Biológico Consumível - Origem Animal – Pelo Valor Justo 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.10.01.02 Ativo Biológico Consumível - Origem Vegetal – Pelo Valor Justo 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.10.01.70 Subconta - Ajuste a Valor Justo (AVJ) – Ativos Biológicos Consumíveis Pelo Valor Justo - Circulante 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.10.01.75 ( - ) Subconta – Ajuste a Valor Presente (AVP) - Ativos Biológicos Pelo Valor Justo - Circulante 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.10.01.90 Subconta – Adoção Inicial - Ativo Biologico 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.10.02 ATIVO BIOLÓGICO AVALIADO PELO CUSTO - CIRCULANTE 4 Synthetic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.10.02.01 Ativo Biológico Consumível - Origem Animal - Pelo Custo 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.10.02.02 Ativo Biológico Consumível - Origem Vegetal - Pelo Custo 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.10.02.55 ( - ) Perdas por Redução ao Valor Recuperável (Impairment) - Ativos Biológicos Consumível - Pelo Custo 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.10.02.75 ( - ) Subconta – Ajuste a Valor Presente (AVP) - Ativos Biológicos Consumíveis - Pelo Custo 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.11 ATIVO NÃO CIRCULANTE MANTIDO PARA VENDA 3 Synthetic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.11.01 ATIVO NÃO CIRCULANTE MANTIDO PARA VENDA 4 Synthetic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.11.01.01 Ativo Não Circulante Mantido Para Venda 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.11.01.55 (-) Perdas por Redução ao Valor Recuperável (Impairment) - Ativo Não Circulante Mantido para Venda 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 1.01.11.01.70 Subconta - Ajuste a Valor Justo – Ativo Não Circulante Mantido para Venda 5 Analytic Asset 01/01/2015 CNPJ (National Registry of Legal Entities) The CNPJ is the Company ID. It serves to identify the business in the most diverse types of activities, such as issuing nota fiscal (e-invoice) or paying taxes. In countries like UK and many others, the Company ID is basically the number that the company is legally registered under, but in order to pay taxes, they need to issue a VAT number. In other words, the CNPJ is much more than a simple Company ID. In Brazil, as there is no VAT, but CBT (Condition Based-Tax Calculation), a much more complex tax system, the CNPJ is used both as a legal registration number as to pay taxes. In short : You can consider CNPJ more like: Company ID + VAT Number . Warning : There are other types of registration numbers for pay taxes. An example is the IE (State registration). If the company sells products, the ICMS (Goods Movement Tax) needs to be paid under IE number. Or even the Municipal registration, to pay the ISS (Service Tax) if the company provides services. How the CNPJs of the main office and branches work Looking at the example below, you can see Company A with 2 branches and Company B with no branch. With that example, in SAP, it is necessary to create 2 Company Codes and 4 Business Places. Example: Company Code [ BR01 ] = "Company A" Business Place [ 0001 ] = "Main Office" Business Place [ 0002 ] = "Branch 1" Business Place [ 0003 ] = "Branch 2" Company Code [ BR02 ] = "Company B" Business Place [ 0001 ] = "Main Office" Warning : Business place creation is required for tax purposes. CNPJ Coding It consists in 14 numerical digits (Example: 23.456.789/0001-99), and can be divided in blocks. 1º Block : The initial 8 digits are the registration block (Example: 23.456.789) 2º Block : The 4 subsequently digits are the type, main office or branches. (Example: 0001 means main office, 0002 branch one, 0003 branch two and so on...) 3º Block : The last 2 digits are check digits. It is created by Government automatically using the other numbers calculated in an algorithm (Example: 99) How to check a CNPJ? Path : https://solucoes.receita.fazenda.gov.br/Servicos/cnpjreva/Cnpjreva_Solicitacao.asp It can be verified, if a company is legally registered in the Brazilian government system, on the official webpage below. (The original page is in Portuguese language) Insert the CNPJ number Validate the Captcha Click in Consult CNPJ Example You can see an electronic CNPJ registration form issued by the Brazilian government (the data content in the fields has been suppressed for legal reasons). Numero de Inscrição: CNPJ (Company ID) Data de Abertura: Opening Date Nome Empresarial: Company Name Titulo do Estabelecimento (Nome de Fantasia): Trade Name Codigo e Descrição da Atividade Economica Principal: CNAE (Main) Codigo e Descrição da Atividades Economicas Secundarias: CNAE (Secondary) Codigo e Descricao da Natureza Juridica: Nature of the Company Logradoura: Street (Address) Numero: Street Number (Address) Complemento: Flat Number CEP: Zip Code / Post Code Bairro / Distrito: District Municipio: County UF: State Endereço Eletronico: Email Telefone: Phone Number Ente Federativo Responsavel (EFR): City Hall Ente Federativo Responsavel (EFR): City Hall Situacao Cadastral: Registration Status Data da Situacao Cadastral: Registration Status Date Motivo de Situacao Cadastral: Registration Status Reason Situacao Especial: Special Status Data da Situacao Especial: Special Status Date CNPJ / Branch | SAP Configuration Company Code Brazil T-Code : OBY6 To configure the Brazilian company code with CNPJ number. Click the "Additional Data" buttom. You can see the place for the CNPJ: 8 digits | Registration block 4 digits | Main office The 2-digit verification code is not required, SAP has the logic to calculate the verification algorithm correctly. SAP Business Place T-Code : SPRO Path : Cross-Application Components -> General Application Functions -> Nota fiscal -> CNPJ Business Place -> Define Business Places If the company has other branches, just create them in the business place configuration. The branches are always sequential "0002", "0003", "0004" and so on. CNPJ Check CNPJ Duplicity Check T-Code : BUPA_TAXNUMTYPE Turn on the Category BR1. Activating the duplicity check you can ensure that won't have any Business Partner duplicated. BR1 | CNPJ Number BR2 | CPF Number BR3 | State Tax Number BR4 | Municipal Tax Number Hint : You can also activate it for natural person business partner (CPF), and ensure a more accurate check for State tax number and Municipal tax number in the Business Partner master record. Warning : The screens, path and information may be different from SAP to SAP, depending on the version. Those screens above are from SAP S/4 HANA. Brazilian Banking System BACEN / BCB / BC: Banco Central Brasileiro / Brazilian Central Bank The Brazilian Central Bank is an autonomous federal agency, which means that it has autonomy from other public authorities. In other words, it is not subordinate to any other body, but operates under the supervision of the federal government and is linked to the Ministry of Economy. Bacen aims to guarantee the stability of the purchasing power of the national currency in the country and is responsible for regulating the financial system. Being responsible for regulation, he controls financial institutions that may or may not operate in Brazil. Any and all financial market institutions are subject to inspections by Bacen and require authorization to operate. Due to this regulatory action in relation to banks and financial institutions, Bacen is popularly called the “bank of banks”. Without its action, economic relations between banks and the population would not be viable. For example, banks are free to offer their products, but they must follow strict rules on how to operate in the market. Thus, the population is “protected” from abuse by financial institutions. SPB: Sistema de Pagamentos Brasileiro / Brazilian Payment System The SPB works like a web, structured by several threads that support the Brazilian Payment System. It is made up of the BACEN's financial institutions and some other entities, such as the Central for Custody and Financial Settlement of Private Securities (CETIP Central de Custodia e Liquidacao Financeira de Titulos Privados). In this way, together, all the institutions that form the SPB. SPB works at the forefront of processes involving financial movements between economic agents. Therefore, it is the responsibility of this system to ensure that all these operations are carried out quickly and quickly. SPB also settles payments to legal entities and individuals. In other words, without it it wouldn't be possible to have PIX. In this sense, settlement carried out by SPB (and also by SPI, the Instant Payment System) means the transfer of values between accounts, making money circulate safely. SPB Payment Methods Statistics The BACEN publishes information related to the various retail payment instruments and credit transfers used in Brazil. Those datas are collected and disclosed by SPB using these sources below. Data Published / Updated Monthly PIX (source: SPI and documento 1201) TED (source: CIP-SITRAF and STR) Boletos (source: CIP-SILOC) DOC and TEC (source: CIP-SILOC) Check / Cheque (source: Compe) Data Published / Updated Quarterly Credit Cards, Debit Cards and Prepaid Cards (fonte: documentos 6308 e 6334) Data Published / Updated Semiannually Utility payments, Cash Withdrawals, Intrabank Transfers and Direct Debit (source: documento 6209) SPI: Sistema de Pagamentos Instantaneos / Instant Payment System The SPI is the centralized and unique infrastructure for settling instant payments between different institutions in Brazil. The SPI operation, managed by the BCB, began in November 2020. SPI is a system that performs Real-Time Gross Settlement (LBTR Liquidacao Bruta em Tempo Real), that is, it processes and settles transaction by transaction. Once settled, transactions are irrevocable. Instant payments are settled with entries in specific purpose accounts that institutions directly participating in the system maintain at the BACEN, called Instant Payment Accounts or "PI Accounts" (Contas Pagamento Instantaneo - Contas PI). To guarantee the solidity of the system, there is no possibility of overdrafts, that is, negative balances in "PI Accounts" are not permitted. In Summary : The Instant Payment System (SPI) is a specific structure for operating payments with PIX. The system is focused on the settlement of these payments between existing institutions in Brazil and began to be part of the Central Bank in November 2020, taking the idea of PIX off the ground. DICT: Diretorio de Identificadores de Contas Transacionais / Directory of Transactional Account Identifiers The DICT is a type of database with information on receiving users and their accounts, which works as a security mechanism. For example, during a transaction via PIX, the data is available in the DICT to complete payments. It is the Transactional Account Identifier Directory that identifies these accounts for the transaction. Let's assume that an email used by someone as a PIX key belongs to that person's bank account. It is the DICT who “informs” PIX about this, therefore making transfers possible. This email example could be any other PIX key, such as CPF, telephone number, etc. This directory makes payment initiations more agile, requesting only basic information to carry out transfers. IP: Instituição de Pagamento / Payment Institution An IP is the abbreviation for Payment Institution, and can be a company that only offers payment services, while banks go beyond that, proposing, for example, financing, loans, etc. It is through an IP that money moves and payments are completed safely, as it aims to enable payments without directly depending on a relationship with banks or financial institutions. PSP: Provedor de Serviço de Pagamento / Payment Service Provider PSP, is the term used to define a kind of umbrella that brings together all institutions participating in PIX. Therefore, it is possible to say that PSPs are within the payments market and are financial institutions that use PIX and participate in all this dynamics, performing services efficiently. Participation in SPI Process Flow Ways to access the SPI Treasure (Accounts Payable, Receivable and Bank Accounting) SAP localization offers most payment formats on the market to meet the specific requirements of major Brazilian banks. The Main Brazilian Banks Itau (Bank Code 341) Bradesco (Bank Code 237) Santander (Bank Code 033) Banco do Brasil (Bank Code 001) Caixa Economica Federal (Bank Code 104) HSBC (Bank Code 399) Citibank (Bank Code 745) Data Medium Exchange SAP supports outgoing (sent to your bank) and incoming (received from your bank) files for the following formats: Brazili an Bank File Formats : Flat File (Not XML) Accounts Payable - Vendor (Remittance and Return) Itau Layout: Itau 240 (SISPAG) ERPFI: Versions 010/020/050/080 Bradesco Layout: Bradesco 500 (PAGFOR) Layout: Bradesco HR 200 (Folha) Layout: Bradesco CNAB 240 (PFEB) Febraban Layout: Febraban/CNAB 240 Segment: A, B, J ERPFI: Versions 030/040/050/087 DDA [ERPFI: Version 084 / Segment: G and H] Accounts Receivable - Customer (Remittance and Return) Itau Layout: CNAB 400 Segment: 0, 1, 9 Bradesco Layout: Cobranca Bradesco 400 Layout: Bradesco CNAB 240 Febraban Layout: Febraban/CNAB 240 Segment: P, Q, T, U ERPFI: Versions 084/087 Hint : Febraban format is used by several Brazilian banks Payment Methods The most common interbank payment schemes in Brazil Accounts Receivable (Incoming Payments) Duplicata Option 1 - SAP ECC Standard: Payment Method: A Program: RFFOBR_A Formats: Itau Cobranca 400, Bradesco CNAB 400, Febraban CNAB 240 Option 2 - SAP S/4 Standard using DMEEX: Payment Medium Format: BR_FEBRABAN_P Formats: Febraban CNAB 240 Format Supplement: DUPLIC If you employ a duplicata payment method, what you create out of the payment run is called duplicata, since it duplicates the information you already sent your customer in the invoice (it is a type of trade bill). The system generates a duplicata for each open item. In most cases, you send a DME file, containing the duplicata information, to your bank (you can also send a paper payment list, called a borderô). Boleto Option 1 - SAP ECC Standard: Payment Method: D Program: RFFOBR_D Formats: Itau Cobranca 400, Bradesco CNAB 400, Febraban CNAB 240 Option 2 - SAP S/4 Standard using DMEEX: Payment Medium Format: BR_FEBRABAN_P Formats: Febraban CNAB 240 Format Supplement: BOLETO/DUPLIC This payment method is similar to the duplicata one, except that a company or bank can print its own boletos. For example, to save the fee charged by the bank for this service, or to save time and receive the payment quicker. In this case, the company also sends the duplicata DME file to the bank and processing is the same as above. Process Flow The system generates a Boleto/Duplicata file with the relevant program. You send the DME file to your bank Each duplicata contained in the file is represented by a unique duplicata number, called "Seu numero". The bank confirms it has received your file by sending you a return file (return file). You import this file (T-Code: FF_5) and the system updates the following information in the related open items: In the SAP Open Item Field: House bank | With the information: Bank In the SAP Open Item Field: Reference Key 3 | With the information: Duplicata number assigned by the bank (Nosso Numero) In the SAP Open Item Field: Reference Key 1 | With the information: Bank account statement number and item number within the statement In the SAP Open Item Field: Reference Key 2 | With the information: Collection agency (agencia cobradora) Accounts Payable (Outgoing Payments) TED It stands for "Transferencia Eletronica Direta" or in English "Direct Electronic Transfer" Transfer same day (respecting day and time) Non-limited value Transferencia PIX PIX is not a acronym. it's more like a brand to refer to technology, pixels and transactions Created in 2020 by BACEN (Brazilian Central Bank) Transfer in seconds Non-limited value DDA (Debito Direto Autorizado / Authorized Direct Debit) Unusual interbank payment schemes in Brazil Accounts Receivable (Incoming Payments) DA (Debito Automatico / Automatic Debit or Direct Debit) Differences: The DDA allows you to check payment slips issued using your CPF or CNPJ in a single place. DA pays registered accounts automatically (and each system works for different types of accounts) Checks / Cheques SAP ECC Standard Template: Payment Method: C Program: RFFOUS_C Vendor Operation (Operacao Vendor) SAP ECC Standard Template: Payment Method: V Program: RFFOBR_V DDA vs DA DDA (Debito Direto Autorizado / Authorized Direct Debit) What it does? - Allows you to check all billing slips (Boletos) issued using someone's CPF or CNPJ on the app, internet banking and other electronic channels How it works? Allowed Bills - Billing slips (Boletos), such as condominium, school, college and health care DA (Debito Automatico / Automatic Debit or Direct Debit) What it does? - Automatically pays monthly bills using the account balance How it works? - When you register a direct debit bill, payment is made automatically using the account balance on the due date Allowed Bills - Utility bills and some taxes, such as water, electricity, telephone, internet and IPTU (Imposto Predial e Territorial Urbano / Property tax) Deprecated Interbank Payment Schemes Accounts Payable (Outgoing Payments) DOC It stands for "Documento de Ordem de Credito" or in english "Credit Order Document" Created in 1985 by BACEN (Brazilian Central Bank) Transfer 1-2 banking days Limited value R$ 4.999,99 Deprecated in 2024 (It was replaced by PIX) TEC It stands for "Transferencia Especial de Credito" or in English "Special Credit Transfer" Transfer same day Limited value R$ 4.999,99 Deprecated in 2024 (It was replaced by PIX) PIX (Payment Method) In Brazil, a new instant payment method is introduced that enables electronic money transfers in real-time available 24/7 between accounts without any intermediary, bring more convenience to the consumer in their financial transactions. The system that enables this electronic money transfer is called PIX, and falls under the responsibility of the Central Bank in Brazil. Pix is instant payment system, allowing send and receive money in a manner of a couple seconds. You can pay bills and purchases or make transfers instantly. The system is another option for boleto, TED, DOC or even debit / credit card. The best thing is that the service is free for Individuals. The Pix icon is inside the banking application and internet banking, as well as other features, such as DOC and TED. The Pix key links the customer's information to a bank account (identification of the financial institution, branch number, account number and type of account), you can recognize it as an alias to the bank account and, to make a Pix, just know the key or read the recipient's QR code. In addition, Pix can be done on any day and time. For PIX payments, you can: Use a QR code generated by the payment system (PIX) Use a PIX key Email Phone Number CNPJ/CPF Random key (a set of random number, letters and symbols) Bank account * Formats defined by FEBRABAN (CNAB 240 and CNAB 750) Historical Description Historical description is a detailed and clear explanatory description for every line item posted in the Brazilian Accounting Books, that will be showed in the accounting statements. (This is a Brazilian legal requirements, and it is mandatory). Issue : Many postings in SAP are automatic postings and they are created with field BSEG-SGTXT in blank, or even manual posting can be created with no description by key user. Making the accounting book not being in compliance with Brazilian legal requirements. Standard Solution : SAP released the OSS note "108559" with the Historical description solution, that creates a automatic description for each line item (BSEG-SGTXT) posted in blank in accounting book for the Brazilian Company Codes. Standard Solution | Step by Step Create a Function (ABAP Step) Create Text for the Function (ABAP Step) Maintain Client-Specific User Exits (ABAP Step) Create a Substitution Rule (FI Consultant Step) Activate the Substitution Rule (FI Consultant Step) Enhance the Function Logic (ABAP Step) (Optional) 1. Create function Z_1B_HISTORICAL_DESCRIPTION as described TCode : SE37 Function name : Z_1B_HISTORICAL_DESCRIPTION Code : Copy and Past the code below ======================================================================== function z_1b_historical_description. *"---------------------------------------------------------------------- *"*"Local interface: *" IMPORTING *" VALUE(LINE_BSEG) LIKE BSEG STRUCTURE BSEG *" VALUE(LINE_BKPF) LIKE BKPF STRUCTURE BKPF *" EXPORTING *" VALUE(E_SGTXT) TYPE C *"---------------------------------------------------------------------- tables: vbrp, vbak, tvakt, kna1, lfa1, skat, t001, mseg, t156t, t003t. data: hlp_text(100) type c, account_name(20) type c. e_sgtxt = line_bseg-sgtxt. * Text empty ? check line_bseg-sgtxt = space. clear e_sgtxt. * Document type select single * from t003t where spras = sy-langu and blart = line_bkpf-blart. e_sgtxt(20) = t003t-ltext. case line_bseg-koart. when 'D'. select single * from kna1 where kunnr = line_bseg-kunnr. account_name = kna1-sortl. when 'K'. select single * from lfa1 where lifnr = line_bseg-lifnr. account_name = lfa1-sortl. when others. select single * from t001 where bukrs = line_bseg-bukrs. select single * from skat where spras = sy-langu and ktopl = t001-ktopl and saknr = line_bseg-hkont. account_name = skat-txt20. endcase. hlp_text = e_sgtxt. concatenate hlp_text account_name into e_sgtxt separated by ' '. hlp_text = e_sgtxt. * text-001 = free choice, but should be no longer than 10 concatenate hlp_text text-001 into e_sgtxt separated by ' '. endfunction. ======================================================================== Do not forget to define the import/export parameters correspondingly: Import parameter Reference field Reference type LINE_BSEG BSEG LINE_BKPF BKPF Export parameter Reference field Reference type E_SGTXT C In the higher releases, please maintain the parameters as Parameter Name Type spec. Associated type LINE_BSEG TYPE BSEG LINE_BKPF TYPE BKPF Parameter Name Type spec. Associated type E_SGTXT TYPE CHAR50 2. Create text-001 in function Z_1B_HISTORCIAL_DESCRIPTION text-001 : "como ref." (That means in English "As Reference") 3. Maintain Client-Specific User Exits TCode : GCX2 Action : Copy the program under the application area GBLS (e.g. RGGBS0TR) to a local version of the program (e.g. ZGGBS0TR). Code : This local copy contain the following coding, where 'HISTO' stands for the name of the user-exit. ====================================================================== form get_exit_titles tables etab. ... * >>>>> BEGIN INSERT exits-name = 'HISTO'. exits-param = c_exit_param_none. exits-title = text-103. "Historical description append exits. * >>>>> END INSERT ... endform. * >>>>> BEGIN INSERT FORM HISTO. CALL FUNCTION 'Z_1B_HISTORICAL_DESCRIPTION' EXPORTING LINE_BSEG = BSEG LINE_BKPF = BKPF IMPORTING E_SGTXT = BSEG-SGTXT EXCEPTIONS OTHERS = 1. ENDFORM. * >>>>> END INSERT ======================================================================== 4. Create a Substitution Rule TCode : GGB1 Open the folder "Financial Accounting" and subfolder "Line Item" Create a Substitution informing a ID (e.g. "HISTO") Create a Step and mark "BSEG-SGTXT" Mark the radio button "Exit" and fill in the "is substituted by" with the exit "HISTO" 5. Activate the Substitution Rule TCode : Enter the Company Code Callup point 2 Enter the Substitution Rule created Activation Level 1 6. Enhance the Program Logic (Optional) If you need to improve the solution logic, the FI consultant can creates a functional spec, with a new logic and the ABAP can modify the function to meet the business requirements. Suggestion Issue : If key users abroad execute some procedures centrally in the head quarter for the Brazilian company code, the function gets the language from the user logon. That can creates Historical Descriptions in other languages than Portuguese (The only official language in Brazil is Portuguese, and only Portuguese is allowed, by Brazilian authorities. Solution : Change the "sy-langu" from the code, replacing by "PT". (If this change was not made the Document Type description and the G/L Account description will be show in the Historical description "BSEG-SGTXT") ====================================================================== * Document type select single * from t003t where spras = sy-langu and blart = line_bkpf-blart. ====================================================================== select single * from t001 where bukrs = line_bseg-bukrs. select single * from skat where spras = sy-langu and ktopl = t001-ktopl and saknr = line_bseg-hkont. ====================================================================== Brazilian Master Data Material Master Record The material master record has been enhanced to store additional data relevant to materials in Brazil. The primary use for that information is: Tax calculation Nota Fiscal generation Brazilian Fields Control code: This field contains the NCM code (Mercosur Common Nomenclature). It is used to calculate taxes and then printed on the nota fiscal. T-Code: MM01 (Tab: Foreign Trade Import / Foreign Trade Export) Material CFOP category: This field contains the CFOP category for the material, which it is used to determine the CFOP code during nota fiscal generation. T-Code: MM01 (Tab: Foreign Trade Import / Foreign Trade Export) Material usage: Intended usage of the material (e.g. consumption). It is used to determine the CFOP code. T-Code: MM01 (Tab: Accounting 2) Material origin: Specifies where the material was produced (e.g. domestic or imported). It is used to determine the CFOP code. T-Code: MM01 (Tab: Accounting 2) Produced in-house: A flag to indicate whether the material was produced by the company (not sourced externally). It is used to determine the CFOP code. T-Code: MM01 (Tab: Accounting 2) Vendor Master Record Some fields in the vendor master are designed specifically for Brazil, while others are of a more generic nature, but have a particular use for Brazil. Those are the most relevant fields to Brazilian vendor master record. T-Code: BP View: General Data Tab: The tax region is displayed in the Jurisdict. code (Tax jurisdiction code) field on the Address screen. When you enter the region, the system automatically determines the tax region. T-Code: BP View: General Data Tab: Control Tax Number 1: CNPJ (Only for legal entities - companies) Tax Number 2: CPF (Only for Natural Person) Natural Person indicator: Must be active when vendor is not a legal entity but a Natural Person Tax Number 3: State tax number (inscrição estadual). If exempt, must contain word “ISENTO” Tax Number 4: Municipal tax number (inscricao municipal). If exempt, must contain word “ISENTO” Tax split: An indicator to post half of the calculated IPI value as deductible input tax, and deducts the other half from the inventory posting or the posting to an expense account. You generally set this indicator for wholesale vendors who do not pay IPI. Tax base: In Logistics Invoice Verification, the system calculates the ICMS tax value with a reduced tax base for freight charges only. Brazilian law stipulates a reduced tax base of 80% of the transport invoice (conhecimento). Enter tax base 1 if the carrier is to receive an 80% ICMS base reduction. T-Code: BP View: Company Code Data Tab: Payment block indicator: For vendors that send boletos, you should maintain your payment terms with a payment block. Customer Master Record Some fields in the customer master are designed specifically for Brazil, while others are of a more generic nature, but have a particular use for Brazil. Those are the most relevant fields to Brazilian customer master record. T-Code: BP View: General Data Tab: On the Address tab, the tax region is displayed in the Jurisdict. code (Tax jurisdiction code) field. When you enter the geographical region, the system automatically determines the tax region. T-Code: BP View: General Data Tab: Control Tax number(s) CFOP category The system uses this value to determine the CFOP code when you enter a sales order, in order to create a nota fiscal in Sales and Distribution (SD). ICMS tax law IPI tax law Whether the customer is exempt from IPI and/or ICMS SubTrib group, a group of customers subject to the same SubTrib tax calculation T-Code: BP View: Company Code Data Tab: Payment Transactions Single payment: (Indicator: Pay all items separately?). This must be set since the system creates a "duplicata" for each open item. Period End Closing | Foreign Currency Valuation SAP Period End Closing is a sequence of activities that need to be performed to close the period (monthly or yearly). Some activities are business mandatory, others are technically mandatory and some are optional, which can only be defined depending on the scope of the implemented scenarios. Foreign Currency Valuation Foreign currency revaluation is a mandatory period-end closing activity if the company has foreign currency balances at the end of the month. The main T-Code (Transaction Code) for the revaluation is: F.05 (SAP ECC with classic GL) FAGL_FC_VAL (SAP ECC with New GL and later versions) FAGL_FCV (SAP S/4 HANA later version) Brazilian Requirement The mandatory requirement for Brazil is that the foreign currency must be revaluated at the end of the month by the PTAX rate provided by the Central Bank of Brazil (BACEN) . Foreign companies usually use the exchange rate based on Bloomberg or XE. These rates are very close to the PTAX, but they are not the same. If the values of balances in foreign currencies are too high, not using the PTAX rate, may cause a visible discrepancy in the company's books, leading to possible fines by the Brazilian government. BACEN Website : https://www.bcb.gov.br/en Example (USD/BRL Rate / last day of January 2023) BACEN Rate = 5.0987 | Bloomberg Rate = 5.0518 | XE Rate = 5.11619 Warning : Not only the rate can be different, but also the decimal places, depending on the source. Why is the rate different? Forein Souces In the forein sources, the exchange rate is the real-time exchange rate, called mid-market (or commercial exchange rate). Brazilian Central Bank PTAX The PTAX is calculated based on the average rates consulted by the BCB at foreign exchange brokers. The BCB consults the brokers in four moments of high liquidity in the foreign exchange market. Each query can take place within a ten-minute interval. Once the window opens, brokers have two minutes to submit their exchange rates. Each broker informs a single purchase rate and a single sale rate referring to the actual rates practiced in the interbank market at the start time of each window. The exact consultation time is randomly determined by the PTAX System in the following intervals: 1º Query: Between 10:00 AM and 10:10 AM 2º Query: Between 11:00 AM and 11:10 AM 3º Query: Between 12:00 PM and 12:10 PM 4º Query: Between 01:00 PM and 01:10 PM Fact : PTAX complies with the principles of IOSCO (International Organization of Securities Commissions), which are: governance, reference rate quality, methodology quality and accountability. Foreign Currency Revaluation Flow Below is the simplified flow for Foreign Currency Revaluation. References: SAP (www.sap.com ); Brazilian Ministry of Finance (www.gov.br ); Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.org ); World Bank Open Data (data.worldbank.org ); Impostometro (https://impostometro.com.br ); NFe GRC Suporte ( nfegrcsuporte.blogspot.com )

When we are working on daily activities, doing customizing, testing and checking, it is very common to work with different screens logged in different environments and clients. Using the same color can be tricky and lead to mistakes. A good alternative is to change the colors to identify between the DEV and QA environment, or even between DEV Gold and DEV unit test. SAP Optimization SAP GUI Layout Color Parameter ID SAP Field Commands Adding transaction codes (T-Codes) in the SAP Menu Removing SAP Initial Picture Show Keys within Dropdown Lists SAP GUI Layout Color When we are working on daily activities, doing customizing, testing and checking, it is very common to work with different screens logged in different environments and clients. Using the same color can be tricky and lead to mistakes. A good alternative is to change the colors to identify between the DEV and QA environment, or even between DEV Gold and DEV unit test. In this example we are going to change the colors of the same environment but of different clients. SAP DEV Client 100 (Gold) SAP DEV Client 200 (Unit Test) Log in Click in "More" SAP GUI Settgins and actions Options SAP DEV Client 100 (Gold) Visual Design Colors Settings Colors in System And choose the desired color In this case, I am setting client 100 with the golden color (yellow). SAP DEV Client 200 (Unit Test) Log in the other client Click in "More" SAP GUI Settgins and actions Options And repeat the steps. Visual Design Colors Settings Colors in System And choose the desired color In this case, I am setting client 200 with green color. Now you can log in and log out and these clients will keep the different colors and you will be able to work on both clients at the same time with no mistakes. Warning : Screens, backgrounds and options may differ due to the chosen SAP GUI version or theme. Parameter ID Go to "Maintain User Profile" T-Code: SU3 In the section "Patameters" Add Parameter ID Parameter Value In this example a Controlling Area is set using the Parameter ID "CAC". BUK - Company code CAC - Controlling Area ERB - Operating Concern FWS - Currency Unit GJR - Fiscal Year KPL - Chart Of account WRK - Plant SAP Field Commands To call a transaction | In the same session Command: /n How: Enter: /nxxxx (xxxx = transaction code) To call a transaction | In the same session, whereby the initial screen is skipped Command: /* How: Enter: /*xxxx (xxxx = transaction code) To call a transaction | In a additional session Command: /o How: Enter: /oxxxx (xxxx = transaction code) To end the current transaction Command: /n How: Enter: /n (Unsaved changes are lost without warning) To delete the current session Command: /i To generate a session list Command: /o To end the current transaction and return to the starting menu Command: /ns000 To log off from the system Command: /nend To log off from the system without a confirmation prompt Command: /nex How: Enter: /nex (Changes that were not saved are lost without warning) Adding transaction codes (T-Codes) in the SAP Menu In the initial screen Go to Extras -> Settings And Select "Display Technical Names" You can see in the screenshot: Before activation, only transaction names are displayed. Then you can see the displayed T-Codes. Knowing the T-Codes, you can access the transaction using the command prompt directly, saving you some time. Instead of navigating through the SAP menu every time. Removing SAP Initial Picture In the initial screen Go to Extras -> Settings And Select "Do Not Display Picture" The default image on most SAP installations is the same. It's the standard "a drop in water" image. There are companies that customize that image, changing it to the company logo. But you have this option to remove it, and leave the home screen a little cleaner. Show Keys within Dropdown Lists Dropdown lists in SAP without these flags only show available descriptions. After activating this option you will be able to see, not only the descriptions, but also the object names. By selecting "Sort by Key", the dropdown will be sorted alphabetically by object names. In the SAP GUI Go to Options Then, go to "Interaction Design" -> "Visualization 1" In the section "Controls" Select: Show Keys Within Dropdown List Sort By Keys Within Dropdown lists for Most Efficient Keyboard Input References: SAP (www.sap.com ); SAP Support (support.sap.com ); SAP Help (help.sap.com ); SAP Blog (blogs.sap.com )

pfSense is a free, open-source firewall and router computer software distribution based on FreeBSD. The open source pfSense Community Edition and pfSense Plus is installed on a physical computer or a virtual machine to make a dedicated firewall/router for a network. Up Firewall pfSense pfSense | Forgotten Password pfSense | SNMP pfSense | IPv6 | Disabling IPv6 pfSense | Notifications pfSense | OpenVPN | NordVPN pfSense | WireGuard | NordVPN (Nordlynx Protocol) pfSense | Bufferbloat pfSense | DNS over TLS | DNS Resolver pfSense | DNS Setup Firewall Logs | Messages > WPAD | Web Proxy Auto-Discovery pfSense pfSense is a free, open-source firewall and router computer software distribution based on FreeBSD. The open source pfSense Community Edition and pfSense Plus is installed on a physical computer or a virtual machine to make a dedicated firewall/router for a network. Features: pfSense offers a range of features, including a firewall, VPN, router, DHCP server, DNS server, and WAN load balancer Management: pfSense is managed through a web interface, so there's no need to use the command line or manually edit rule sets Distribution: pfSense is based on the FreeBSD operating system and includes third-party software packages for additional functionality Versions: There are two versions of pfSense: pfSense Community Edition (CE), which is free and open-source, and pfSense Plus, which is used by businesses, governments, educational institutions, and service providers Use cases: pfSense is used in a variety of settings, including small home networks, large corporations, universities, and government agencies Performance: pfSense is designed to provide high levels of performance and stability Development: pfSense is developed and hosted by Rubicon Communications, LLC (Netgate) What is FreeBSD? FreeBSD is a free, open-source operating system that's based on the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) and is used in many different environments. Features: FreeBSD is known for its stability, reliability, security, and performance. It has many features, including jails, virtualization, and ZFS boot environments Uses: FreeBSD is used to power modern servers, desktops, and embedded platforms. It's the platform of choice for many of the busiest web sites and most pervasive embedded networking and storage devices History: The first version of FreeBSD was released in 1993, and the latest release is 14.1 (4 June 2024) Development: The FreeBSD Project is supported and promoted by the FreeBSD Foundation. A large community has continually developed FreeBSD for more than thirty years. Architecture: FreeBSD runs on IA-32, x86-64, ARM, PowerPC, and RISC-V processors pfSense | System General Setup System | pfSense Path: System > General Setup Hostname: pfSense (Default) Domain: home.arpa (Default) pfSense recommends to not end the domain name with '.local' as the final part (Top Level Domain, TLD), because 'local' TLD is widely used and it will not network correctly. That is why it recommends "home.arpa" (Acronym ARPA stands for Address and Routing Parameter Area Domain) Admin Access WebConfigurator | Path: System > Advanced > Admin Access If you want to access your pfSense web interface outside your internal network, you may face a error. This happens because pfSense blocks the Browser HTTPS_REFERER. You can disable this feature: Browser HTTP_REFERER enforcement | Disable HTTP_REFERER enforcement check: Check pfSense | Forgotten Password The firewall administrator password can easily be reset using the firewall console if it has been lost. Access the physical console (Connect to the Console) Use option "3" (Reset admin account and password) to change the password for the admin account This option can also reset the "admin" account if it is disabled or expired. pfSense | SNMP The SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) daemon enables remote monitoring of certain pfSense software parameters. The SNMP daemon supports monitoring: Network Traffic Network Flows PF Queues General System Information CPU Memory Disk Usage Additional Information SNMP Version: SNMPv1/v2 Memory usage: Using the SNMP service can increase memory usage by an average of 7% How to use it: The easiest way to see the available data is to run 'snmpwalk' against the firewall from another host with 'net-snmp' or an equivalent package installed Configuring SNMP Services Go to | Services > SNMP Enable the SNMP Daemon and its controls | Check Polling Port | 161 System Location | firewall System Contact | @gmail.com Read Community String | Public SNMP modules | Check MibII, Netgraph, PF, Host Resources, UCD ,Regex Internet Protocol | IPv4 Bind Interfaces | LAN Save it Services > SNMP Services > SNMP 1/1 SNMP Daemon Settings Polling Port | SNMP connections are made using only UDP, and SNMP clients default to using UDP port 161 System location | A string to return when an SNMP client requests the system location. Any text may be used here. For some devices a city or state may be close enough System contact | A string defining contact information for the system. It can be a name, an e-mail address, a phone number, or whatever is needed Read Community String | The community string acts as a kind of username and password in one. SNMP clients will need to use this community string when polling. The default value of public is common, so the best practice is to use a different value in addition to restricting access to the SNMP service with firewall rules Modules Loadable modules allow the SNMP daemon to understand and respond to queries for additional system information. Each loaded module consumes additional resources. As such, ensure that only required modules are loaded. MibII | This module provides information specified in the standard MIB II tree, which covers networking information and interfaces. Having this module loaded will provide network interface information including status, hardware and IP addresses, the amount of data transmitted and received, and much more Netgraph | The netgraph module provides netgraph-related information such as netgraph node names and statuses, hook peers, and errors PF | The PF module provides a wealth of information about the pf packet filter. The MIB tree covers aspects of the ruleset, states, interfaces, tables, and ALTQ queues Host Resources | This module provides information about the host itself. This includes uptime, load average and processes, storage types and usage, attached system devices, and even installed software (This module requires MibII. If MibII is unchecked when this option is checked, MibII will be checked automatically) UCD | This module provides various system information knows as the ucdavis MIB, or UCD-SNMP-MIB. It provides information about memory usage, disk usage, running programs, and more. Regex | The Regex module is reserved for future use or use by users customizing the code to their needs. It allows creating SNMP counters from log files or other text files Interface Binding Binding to a specific local interface can ease communication over VPN tunnels as it eliminates the need for workarounds like static routes. It also provides extra security by not exposing the service to other interfaces. It can also improve communication over multiple local interfaces, since the SNMP daemon will reply from the “closest” address to a source IP address and not the IP address to which a client sent its query. Internet Protocol | This controls whether the SNMP daemon will listen for queries on IPv4, IPv6, or both Bind Interfaces | This option configures the SNMP daemon to listen only on the chosen interface or virtual IP address. All interfaces with IP addresses, CARP VIPs, and IP Alias VIPs are displayed in the drop-down list pfSense | IPv6 | Disabling IPv6 You can disable IPv6 on your pfSense, if your ISP does not provide IPv6 services for you. Normally IPv6 is enabled by default on pfSense and there is no problem with that. But sometimes you want to use only IPv4 or you may have some problems with IPv6, such as: The Windows Network Bridge adapter may stop working properly after some updates, because it is also enabled on the adapter (You can choose to disable IPv6 on the Bridge adapter) You may have too many blocking entries in the firewall log, making analysis difficult How to disable IPv6 Blocking IPv6 traffic | System > Advanced > Networking | Allow IPv6: Uncheck Save and Apply Turning on Logging Firewall Default Blocks | Status > System Logs > Settings | Log firewall default blocks: Check all Log Packets Save Disabling DHCPv6 Relay | Services > DHCPV6 Relay | Enable DHCPv6 Relay: Uncheck Save and Apply Disabling DHCPv6 on WAN Interface | Interface | Select your WAN interface | IPv6 Configuration Type: None Save and Apply Disabling DHCPv6 Server | Services > DHCPv6 Server | Enable DHCPv6 server on LAN interface: Uncheck (Optional) If you have several interfaces, repeat this step for all interfaces Save and Apply Disabling Router Advertisement | Services > Router Advertisement | Router Mode: Disabled Save Disabling DHCPv6 on LAN Interface | Interface | Select your LAN interface | IPv6 Configuration Type: None (Optional) If you have several interfaces, repeat this step for all interfaces Save and Apply Removing Default Gateway | System > Routing > Gateways | Default gateway IPv6: None Save and Apply pfSense | Notifications The firewall can notify administrators of important events and errors by displaying an alert in the menu bar, indicated by the fa-"bell" icon. In addition to GUI notifications, the firewall also supports the following notification methods: Remote: E-mail using SMTP Telegram notification API Pushover notification API Slack notification API Local: LED indicators on supported hardware (not configurable) Sounds using a PC speaker Setup Notification via E-Mail using GMail SMTP On pfSense Go to System > Advanced > Notifications Disable SMTP | Uncheck E-Mail server | smtp.gmail.com SMTP port of E-Mail server | 465 Secure SMTP Connection | Enable SMTP over SSL/TLS | Check Validate TLS/SSL | Validate the SSL/TLS certificate presented by the server | Check From e-mail address | Notification E-Mail address | Notification E-Mail auth username (optional) | Notification E-Mail auth password | Confirm the password | Notification E-Mail auth mechanism | PLAIN Save Test SMTP Settings | Click the "Test SMTP Settings" button System > Advanced > Notifications Notifications via E-Mail SMTP System > Advanced > Notifications 1/2 Tips "From e-mail address" Field | This is the sender's address of the email "Notification E-Mail address" Field | This is the recipient's email address. You can use GMail "Plus Addressing". Check it here Example: +@gmail.com / johnsmith+pfsense@gmail.com "Notification E-Mail auth username (optional) |Account email to access GMail "Notification E-Mail auth password" Field | You cannot use the same password that you use to log into your Gmail account. You need to generate the "App Password" pfSense | OpenVPN | NordVPN NordVPN Steps Find the best server for you connection or select manually NordVPN Server Tool: https://nordvpn.com/servers/tools/ Check the protocols and download the Config File Open the file using Notepad Find your Access Token (User and Password) NordVPN Account: https://my.nordaccount.com/ pfSense Configuration Steps Create the Certificate (System -> Certificate -> Authorities) Crete the OpenVPN Client (VPN -> OpenVPN -> Clients) Check Instance (Status -> OpenVPN) Assign Interfaces (Interfaces -> Interface Assignments) Create Aliases (Firewall -> Aliases -> IP) Update NAT Outbound (Firewall -> NAT -> Outbound) Update LAN Rules (Firewall -> Rules -> LAN) Update Gateway IP Monitoring (System -> Routing -> Gateways) Check Gateway Status (Status -> Gateways) Install Watchdog Service (System -> Package Manager -> Available Packages) Add NordVPN as a Service in Watchdog (Services -> Service Watchdog) pfsense_NordVPN_01 pfsense_NordVPN_02 pfsense_NordVPN_07 pfsense_NordVPN_01 1/7 pfSense | WireGuard | NordVPN (Nordlynx Protocol) High Level Steps (Summary) Get NordVPN API Information | Private Key, Public Key and IP Address Install WireGuard Package | System > Package Manager > Available Packages Configure WireGuard | VPN > WireGuard Assign and Configure Interface | Interfaces > Interfaces Assignments Create Alias | Firewall > Aliases Configure Firewall NAT | Firewall > NAT > Outbound Configure Firewall Rules | Firewall > Rules > LAN (Optional) Add WireGuard as Service in Watchdog | Services > Service Watchdog NordVPN API Information Create an Access Token | Hyperlink: https://my.nordaccount.com/dashboard/nordvpn/manual-configuration/ Get your Private Key | Command: curl -s -u token: https://api.nordvpn.com/v1/users/services/credentials | jq -r .nordlynx_private_key Get Server Info and Public Key| Command: curl -s "https://api.nordvpn.com/v1/servers/recommendations?&filters\[servers_technologies\]\[identifier\]=wireguard_udp&limit=1" | jq -r '.[]|.hostname, .station, (.locations|.[]|.country|.city.name), (.locations|.[]|.country|.name), (.technologies|.[].metadata|.[].value), .load' WireGuard Configuration Steps Install WireGuard Package | System > Package Manager -> Available Packages Search for 'WireGuard' and Install it Configure WireGuard Tunnel | VPN > WireGuard > Tunnels Enable Tunnel | Check it Description | Listen Port | 51820 Interface Key | Interface Address (NordVPN Address)| 10.5.0.2 / 32 Description | Save it Configure WireGuard Peers | VPN > WireGuard > Peers Enable Peer | Check it Tunnel | tun_wg0 Description | Dynamic Endpoint | Uncheck it Endpoint | Port| 51820 Keep Alive | 25 Allowed IPs (Allow all IPs)| 0.0.0.0 / 0 Description | Save it pfSense WireGuard Package Manager pfSense WireGuard Package Manager 1/1 Configure WireGuard Settings | VPN > WireGuard > Settings Enable WireGuard | Check it Keep Configuration | Check it Save it pfSense | Bufferbloat Before starting, use a "Bufferbloat Test Site" to determine if changes are necessary. If the firewall already receives a high score the circuit may not be prone to bufferbloat and thus may not require these limiters. Bufferbloat Test Site: https://www.waveform.com/tools/bufferbloat Configuring CoDel Limiters for Bufferbloat This configuration requires a limiter and queue for both download and upload, plus a floating rule to apply the limiters to outgoing traffic. Create Download Limiter and Queue (Firewall -> Traffic Shaper -> Limiters) Create Upload Limiter and Queue ( Firewall -> Traffic Shaper -> Limiters) Create Floating Rule (Firewall -> Rules -> Floating) pfsense_bufferbloat_01 pfsense_bufferbloat_01_02 pfsense_bufferbloat_25 pfsense_bufferbloat_01 1/26 Create Download Limiter and Queue Navigate to Firewall > Traffic Shaper, Limiters tab Click + New Limiter Configure the limiter with the following settings: Enable: Checked Name: WANDown Bandwidth: 95 (Set equal to WAN download bandwidth. Confirm via speed test first) Mask: None Description: WAN Download Queue Management Algorithm: Tail Drop Scheduler: FQ_CODEL (The page will display FQ_CODEL options and their default values after saving this limiter, but leave them at defaults) Queue Length: 1000 (Can vary depending on the speed of the link, but 1000 should be a safe default for most high speed WANs (100Mbit/s). For very high speed WANs (e.g. 1Gbit/s+), consider increasing further to 3000-5000) ECN: Checked Click Save Click + Add New Queue under WANDown Configure the queue with the following: Enable: Checked Name: WANDownQ Mask: None Description: WAN Download Queue Queue Management Algorithm: Tail Drop Leave the other fields at their default values Click Save Create Upload Limiter and Queue Navigate to Firewall > Traffic Shaper, Limiters tab Click + New Limiter Configure the limiter with the following settings: Enable: Checked Name: WANUp Bandwidth: 95 ( Set equal to WAN download bandwidth. C onfirm via speed test first ) Mask: None Description: WAN Upload Queue Management Algorithm: Tail Drop Scheduler: FQ_CODEL ( The page will display FQ_CODEL options and their default values after saving this limiter, but leave them at defaults) Queue Length: 1000 ( Can vary depending on the speed of the link, but 1000 should be a safe default for most high speed WANs (100Mbit/s). For very high speed WANs (e.g. 1Gbit/s+), consider increasing further to 3000-5000 ) ECN: Checked Click Save Click + Add New Queue under WANUp Configure the queue with the following: Enable: Checked Name: WANUpQ Mask: None Description: WAN Upload Queue Queue Management Algorithm: Tail Drop Leave the other fields at their default values Click Save Create Floating Rule Navigate to Firewall > Rules, Floating tab Click Add to create a new rule at the bottom of the list Configure the rule as follows: Action: Pass Quick: Checked Interface: WAN Direction: Out Address Family: IPv4 (If the WAN can carry both IPv4 and IPv6, make a separate rule for each address family) Protocol: Any Source: WAN Address (It is important not to match too loosely on the source, especially when a firewall has multiple WANs) Destination: Any Description: CoDel Limiters Gateway: WAN_DHCP (Must be set to the gateway for this WAN interface) In / Out Pipe: WANUpQ / WANDownQ (On WAN floating rules in the outbound direction, “in” traffic is upload, and “out” traffic is download, from the perspective of LAN clients.) Save Apply Changes Reset states to force all traffic to use new limiters What is jitter? Jitter is a measure of the variation in latency over time. If your connection suffers from bufferbloat, you'll often also see higher jitter. Too much jitter can cause issues with realtime video and audio calls and online games. What is ECN? Explicit Congestion Notification is a means to do network congestion control without dropping packets. What is CoDel? CoDel (the name comes from “controlled delay”) was a fundamental advance in the state of the art of network of Active Queue Management (AQM). How does bufferbloat negatively affect your connection? Bufferbloat can make web browsing slower, make video calls stutter, and cause VoIP calls will break up. Real-time games will lag. Bufferbloat causes degraded connectivity anytime your Internet connection is under heavy use by any user or application. If a large upload or download of data is happening, other applications and users will slow down. How often is someone on your network really under heavy use? You'd be surprised! Many apps are bandwidth-hungrier than you might imagine. For example, most smartphone's photo-taking apps backup all photos and videos to the cloud as soon as they're taken. Video Calls: If you suffer from bufferbloat during video calls then your call will suffer from delays and occasional dropouts. Gaming: Latency is incredibly important for many online games. When your network is suffering from bufferbloat, the latency will spike, causing noticeable delays, or “lag.” Severe bufferbloat will affect your performance against the other players and your enjoyment of the game. Despite this impact, many routers that advertise themselves as “gaming routers” lack the critical feature to address bufferbloat. How do you determine which services will work well on my connection? You can use the following criteria to determine if a particular service will work on your Internet connection. (This is just a general guideline). Web Browsing: Download speed > 2 Mbps Upload speed > 100 Kbps Latency < 500 ms Audio Calls: Download speed > 100 Kbps Upload speed > 100 Kbps 95th Percentile Latency < 400 ms 4K Video Streaming: Download speed > 25 Mbps Video Conferencing: Download speed > 10 Mbps Upload speed > 5 Mbps 95th Percentile Latency < 400 ms Low Latency Gaming: Download speed > 10 Mbps Upload speed > 3 Mbps 95th Percentile Latency < 40 ms Source: https://docs.netgate.com/pfsense/en/latest/recipes/codel-limiters.html pfSense | DNS over TLS | DNS Resolver Configuring DNS over TLS This prevents intermediate parties from viewing the content of DNS queries and can also assure that DNS is being provided by the expected DNS servers This feature is only supported by the DNS Resolver Navigate to System -> General Locate the DNS Server Settings Section Add or replace entries in the DNS Servers section such that only the chosen DNS over TLS servers are in the list Address: (e.g. 1.1.1.1 ) IP address of an upstream DNS Server providing DNS over TLS service Hostname: (e.g. cloudflare-dns.com ) Hostname of the same upstream DNS Server in the Address field, used for TLS certificate validation DNS Server Override: Uncheck "Allow DNS server list to be overridden by DHCP/PPP on WAN" (This could add DNS servers to the configuration which do not support DNS over TLS) DNS Resolution Behavior: Set "Use local DNS (127.0.0.1), ignore remote DNS Servers" (This makes the firewall itself use only the DNS Resolver and it will not attempt to contact the DNS servers directly. This prevents DNS requests from the firewall being leaked unencrypted on port 53 if the resolver is temporarily unavailable (DNS Resolution Behavior)) Click Save Warning : About Hostname - The hostname is technically optional but dangerous to omit. The DNS Resolver must have the hostname to validate that the correct server is providing a given response. The response is still encrypted without the hostname, but the DNS Resolver has no way to validate the response to determine if the query was intercepted and answered by a third party server (Man-in-the-Middle attack). Enable DNS over TLS for Forwarded Queries Configure the DNS Resolver to use DNS over TLS for outgoing queries The DNS Resolver will now send queries to all upstream forwarding DNS servers using SSL/TLS on the default port of 853 Navigate to Services -> DNS Resolver Enable DNSSEC Support: Uncheck (DNSSEC is not generally compatible with forwarding mode, with or without DNS over TLS) Enable Forwarding Mode: Check Use SSL/TLS for outgoing DNS Queries to Forwarding Servers: Check Click Save Click Apply Changes Warning (Caveats) : Blocking External Client DNS Queries : Clients can make their own connections to DNS over TLS servers, so block them on TCP/UDP ports 53 and 853 to ensure they only query the DNS Resolver Redirecting Client DNS Requests : Redirecting DNS over TLS queries to the DNS Resolver may or may not work, depending on the clients. Setup the DNS over TLS server and add port forward redirects for TCP/UDP ports 53 and 853 to redirect DNS queries to the firewall Redirecting Client DNS Requests To restrict client DNS to only the DNS Resolver or Forwarder on pfSense® software, use a port forward to capture all client DNS requests. With this port forward in place, DNS requests from local clients to any external IP address will result in the query being answered by the firewall itself. Access to other DNS servers on port 53 is impossible. Tip : This can be adapted to allow access to only a specific set of DNS servers by changing the Destination network from “LAN Address” to an alias containing the allowed DNS servers. The Invert match box should remain checked. Warning : Either The DNS Resolver or DNS Forwarder must be active and it must bind to and answer queries on Localhost, or All interfaces. The following example uses the LAN interface but the same technique will work with any local interface. Navigate to Firewall > NAT, Port Forward tab Click Add to create a new rule Fill in the following fields on the port forward rule: Interface: LAN Protocol: TCP/UDP Destination: Invert Match checked, LAN Address Destination Port Range: DNS (53) Redirect Target IP: 127.0.0.1 Redirect Target Port: DNS (53) Description: Redirect DNS NAT Reflection: Disable Warning : Clients using DNS over TLS or DNS over HTTPS could circumvent this protection. Redirecting or blocking port 853 may help with DNS over TLS, depending on the clients. (See "Blocking External Client DNS Queries" for additional advice) Blocking External Client DNS Queries This procedure configures the firewall to block DNS requests from local clients to servers outside the local network. With no other accessible DNS servers, clients are forced to send DNS requests to the DNS Resolver or DNS Forwarder on pfSense® software for resolution. Warning : If DNS requests to other DNS servers are blocked, such as by following Blocking External Client DNS Queries, ensure the rule to pass DNS to 127.0.0.1 is above any rule that blocks DNS. Navigate to Firewall > Rules, LAN tab Create the block rule as the first rule in the list: Click Add to create a new rule at the top of the list Fill in the following fields on the rule: Action: Reject Interface: LAN Protocol: TCP/UDP Destination: Any Destination Port Range: DNS (53) Description: Block DNS to Everything Else Create the pass rule to allow DNS to the firewall, above the block rule: Click Add to create a new rule at the top of the list Fill in the following fields on the rule: Action: Pass Interface: LAN Protocol: TCP/UDP Destination: LAN Address Destination Port Range: DNS (53) Description: Pass DNS to the Firewall Click Apply Changes to reload the ruleset Warning : When complete, there will be two rule entries, and the pass rule should be above the block rule. Blocking External Client DNS Queries | DNS over TLS Another concern is that clients could use DNS over TLS to resolve hosts. DNS over TLS sends DNS requests over an encrypted channel on an alternate port, 853. This traffic can be blocked with a firewall rule for port 853 using the same procedure used for 53. Though if the firewall will not be providing DNS over TLS service to clients, do not add the pass rule. Blocking External Client DNS Queries | DNS over HTTPS Similar to DNS over TLS, clients may also use DNS over HTTPS (DoH). This is harder to block as it uses port 443. Blocking port 443 on common public DNS servers may help (e.g. 1.1.1.1, 8.8.8.8). Some browsers automatically attempt to use DNS over HTTPS because they believe it to be more secure and better for privacy, though that is not always the case. Each browser may have its own methods of disabling this feature. Firefox uses a “canary” domain use-application-dns.net by default if the user has not manually enabled DNS over HTTPS. If Firefox cannot resolve this name, Firefox disables DNS over HTTPS. To prevent Firefox from using DNS over HTTPS, add the following to the DNS Resolver custom options: server: local-zone: "use-application-dns.net" always_nxdomain pfSen se | DNS Set up System → General Settings -> DNS Server Settings Firewall Logs | Messages WPAD | Web Proxy Auto-Discovery Web Proxy Auto-Discovery (WPAD) offers organizations a way to automatically configure a proxy server on your system. Organizations can put WPAD config file in a standard manner which if detected by your system having WPAD enabled, your machine will be automatically align to settings prescribed in WPAD auto-config file. WPAD setting is enabled by default on Windows. WPAD On | Windows | Settings > Network & Internet > Proxy > Automatic Proxy Setup > On WPAD Off | Windows | Settings > Network & Internet > Proxy > Automatic Proxy Setup > Off References: Palo Alto Networks (www.paloaltonetworks.com ); Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.org); Google (www.google.com ); Oracle (www.oracle.com ); Raspberry PI (www.raspberrypi.org ); Microsoft (www.microsoft.com ); CloudFlare (www.cloudflare.com ); NordVPN (nordvpn.com )