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Topics: Brazil Localization | BR Country Version; Localized Processes in Purchasing (PTP/MM) and Sales (OTC/SD); Material Management (MM) Localization; SAP Third-Party Solution Partners (Graded); NF-e | Nota Fiscal | DANFE; Tax Engine (Thomson Reuters | Sabrix | OneSource GlobalNest IDT Customization Steps); CFOP; CNAE; Tax Regimes; Brazilian Tax Reform (New Brazilian VAT); SPED; ECD, EFD; ECF; e-Reporting Up Brazil Localization Tax Overview Brazilian Taxes Localized Processes in Purchasing (MM) and Sales (SD) Material Management (MM) Localization SAP Brazilian Tax Calculation Schema Brazilian Tax-O-Meter SAP Third-Party Solution Partners (Graded) NF-e | Nota Fiscal NF-e | Danfe Tax Engine (Thomson Reuters | Customization Steps) CFOP (Fiscal Code of Operations and Benefits) CNAE (National Classification of Economic Activities) Tax Regimes SPED (e-Reporting) Brazilian Tax Reform (New Brazilian VAT) Brazilian Taxes Tax / Fiscal terms Tribute (pt: Tributo)| It is an obligation to pay, created by law, imposed on taxpayers with the aim of managing the development of the State, since we live in society The Brazilian Federal Constitution classifies taxes into a list of 5 elements: Taxes Fees Improvement Contributions Compulsory Loans Special Contributions Fee (pt: Taxa)| It is a tax charged to a public administration activity that is directly or indirectly linked to the taxpayer, for the provision of a service that is paid for by the State The fee will be found in most public services, such as: Court Fees Traffic Fines (as this is a police power) Fire fees Urban Waste Collection Fees Tax (pt: Imposto) | Unlike other tributes, such as fees and contributions, this is an unlinked tax, that is, it is due by the taxpayer regardless of any consideration from the State It is considered the most important tribute in the country. Among the main taxes in Brazil, we can mention: ICMS, IPI, ISS, IR and other Classification Direct (pt: Diretos) | Direct taxes are those that directly affect the income, assets and economic activities of individuals and companies, such as Income Tax, IPVA, ITR, IPTU, ISS, among others Indirect (pt: Indiretos) | Indirect taxes are those that are levied on goods, services and commercial transactions, reflecting on the final price of products and services, such as ICMS, IPI, PIS, COFINS, among others Additional (pt: Adicional) | When the taxable event is represented by the payment of another tax. As an example, we have the additional 10% of the Income Tax, Legal Entity Fixed (pt: Fixo) | When determined in a specific amount, regardless of calculations. For example, the ISS for independent professionals Proportional (pt: Proporcional) | When established as a single percentage incident on the value of the taxable material, the tax amount increases only when the basic value for calculation increases (ICMS, IPI and ISS, when incident on revenue) Progressive (pt: Progressivo) | When the rates are set at variable and increasing percentages, according to the increase in the value of the taxable matter - for example, Personal Income Tax Regressive (pt: Regressivo) | Taxes are levied in equal percentages on taxpayers, without taking into account the economic capacity of the person who will bear the tax burden. This makes them "regressive", that is, taxpayers with lower economic conditions end up paying (proportionally) a larger share of taxes on their income. ICMS, IPI, PIS and COFINS are examples of regressive taxes (at the same time, they are also classified as indirect) Real (pt: Real) | This is a tax based on real (physical) assets, known as "Taxes on Assets", such as IPTU, IPVA and ITR Personal (pt: Pessoal) | Personal is the tax that establishes tax differences based on conditions inherent to the taxpayer. Taxes are levied according to the taxpayer's economic capacity (Income Tax for individuals and legal entities) Extrafiscal (pt: Extrafiscal) | Tax that aims not only at collecting revenue, but also at correcting anomalies. Example: Export Tax Parafiscal (pt: Parafiscal) | Contribution charged by an autarchy, parastatal, professional or social bodies, to cover their autonomous financing. Example: annual fee for CRC, CREA, OAB, etc Taxation II - Import Tax In Portuguese: Imposto de Importacao Level: Federal Levy: It is levied on all imported products in two different ways: goods worth up to US$100 and between US$100 and US$3,000 IE - Export Tax In Portuguese: Imposto de Exportacao Level: Federal Levy: It is levied on products produced in Brazil and sent to other countries IPI - Tax on Industrialized Products In Portuguese: Imposto sobre Produtos Industrializados Level: Federal Levy: It is levied on products that have undergone some industrialization process, whether imported or not; it is paid by importers and business owners IOF - Tax on Financial Transactions In Portuguese: Imposto sobre Operacoes Financeiras Level: Federal Levy: It is levied on credit, exchange or insurance transactions, for both individuals and legal entities IRPJ - Corporate Income Tax In Portuguese: Imposto de Renda Pessoa Juridica Level: Federal Levy: Monthly, quarterly or annual tax, depending on the tax regime, levied on companies on their gross income IRPF - Individual Income Tax In Portuguese: Imposto de Renda Pessoa Fisica Level: Federal Levy: Tax required from taxpayers with earnings above the ceiling established by the Federal Revenue Service ITR - Tax on Rural Land Property In Portuguese: Imposto sobre a Propriedade Territorial Rural Level: Federal Levy: Annual tax levied on rural property owners, whether individuals or legal entities COFINS - Contribution for the Financing of Social Security In Portuguese: Contribuicao para o Financiamento da Seguridade Social Level: Federal Levy: Annual tax levied on almost all companies to finance programs such as social security CIDE - Contribution for Intervention in the Economic Domain In Portuguese: Contribuicao de Intervencao no Dominio Economico Level: Federal Levy: Tax added to oil, natural gas and their derivatives; the rate is based on the cubic meter of fuel CSLL - Social Contribution on Net Income In Portuguese: Contribuicao Social sobre o Lucro Liquido Level: Federal Levy: Tax levied on the company's net income as set forth in the IRPJ INSS - National Institute of National Security In Portuguese: Instituto Nacional da Seguridade Nacional Level: Federal Levy: Tax collected from both individuals and legal entities to fund social security, among other areas FGTS - Service Time Guarantee Fund In Portuguese: Fundo de Garantia do Tempo de Servico Level: Federal Levy: Tax deducted from workers' salaries; it can be withdrawn by them in cases provided for by law, such as unfair dismissals PIS/PASEP - Social Integration Program / Public Servant Asset Formation Program In Portuguese: Programa de Integracao Social / Programa de Formacao do Patrimonio do Servidor Publico Level: Federal Levy: Tax collected to fund bonuses and unemployment insurance for workers in state-owned companies ICMS - Tax on the Circulation of Goods and Services In Portuguese: Imposto sobre Circulacao de Mercadorias e Servicos Level: State Levy: Tax collected by companies and passed on to consumers when they purchase products and services sold in Brazil ITCMD - Tax on Transfers of Property by Death and Donation In Portuguese: Imposto sobre Transmissao Causa Mortis e Doacao Level: State Levy: Tax levied on inheritances and donations and goes directly to the state coffers IPVA - Tax on Ownership of Motor Vehicles In Portuguese: Imposto sobre a Propriedade de Veiculos Automotores Level: State Levy: Tax collected from owners of motor vehicles; half of the amount collected goes to the state and the other part goes to city governments, which decide how to manage the money ITBI - Tax on Transfer of Assets Inter Vivos In Portuguese: Imposto sobre Transmissao de Bens Inter Vivos Level: Municipal Levy: Tax paid by the buyer of a property when transferring assets of this nature ISS - Tax on Services In Portuguese: Imposto sobre Servicos Level: Municipal Levy: Tax collected from companies and self-employed professionals IPTU - Tax on Urban Land and Real Estate Property In Portuguese: Imposto sobre a Propriedade Predial e Territorial Urbana Level: Municipal Levy: Tax collected from property owners or tenants Complexity of PIS and COFINS Some tax scholars say that PIS/COFINS can be considered Direct Taxes due to all the conceptual notions illustrated below. But, in fact, PIS/COFINS are widely considered Indirect Taxes by Brazilian Authorities, Companies and by the vast majority of tax experts (even by SAP). The complexity of those taxes lies in conceptual notions of: Direct / Indirect Taxes Cumulativeness Legal Taxpayer Actual taxpayer General Economic Impact Specific Economic Impact Taxable Event Localized Processes in Purchasing (MM) and Sales (SD) These are some examples of localized logistics processes. Although sometimes there is an inherent complexity in SD pricing, in Brazil, the complexity of the operation and purchasing processes, including also inventory management, can be much greater in procurement (MM). And in sales, if the company sells not only goods, but services, then the complexity of sales processes can increase significantly. Sales (SD/OTC) Consignment Sales Future Delivery Sales Triangular Transactions (Third Party Sales) Sale with Returnable Packaging Sales Return (Return with original NF and issuing incoming NF) Sales Return (Return with NF and issued by the customer) Procurement (MM/PTP) Purchase Operations with Goods Receipt for: Industrialization Resales Use and Consumption Assets Services Freight Material Management (MM) Localization Localization of SAP ERP Materials Management is a part of SAP Logistics functionality. The SAP Logistics function incorporate a number of distinct areas that together follow the movement of materials from manufacturer to consumer. Materials Management contains many aspects of SAP functi onality, including purchasing, goods receiving, material storage, inventory, and invoicing. Standard Supported Scenarios in Brazil Localization Basic Scenarios Purchase Order scenario in Brazilian Localization Subsequent Debit/Credit scenario in Brazilian Localization Future Delivery scenario in Brazilian Localization Future Delivery - DIFAL scenario in Brazilian Localization Consignment scenario in Brazilian Localization Third-Party Selling scenario in Brazilian Localization Subcontracting Process with one Nota Fiscal in Brazilian Localization Subcontracting Process with two Notas Fiscais in Brazilian Localization Subcontracting Process with Deliveries in Brazilian Localization Normal Resale Process in Brazilian Localization Industry Resale material in Brazilian Localization Returnable Packaging with one Nota Fiscal in Brazilian Localization Returnable Packaging with two Notas Fiscais in Brazilian Localization Freight Scenarios Planned Freight (Planned Delivery Costs) scenario in Brazilian Localization Unplanned Freight (Unplanned Delivery Costs) scenario in Brazilian Localization Freight with several Notas Fiscais scenario in Brazilian Localization Conhecimento de Transporte Eletrônico (CTe) scenario in Brazilian Localization Stock Transfer Scenarios Stock Transfer with Materials Management (MM) in Brazilian Localization Stock Transfer Order (STO) in Brazilian Localization Intracompany Stock Transport Order with Valuated Stock In Transit (STO SiT) for Brazilian Localization Stock Transport Order using Inbound Delivery scenario in Brazilian Localization Stock Transfer Order (STO) with Full/Partial Return of Transit Stock in Brazilian Localization Services Scenarios Service Purchase Order process with DIEN material type in Brazilian Localization Service Purchase Order Withholding - Service Management in Brazilian Localization Service Purchase Order scenario using External Services Management in Brazilian Localization Service Purchase Order Withholding Accumulation - Service Management in Brazilian Localization SAP Brazilian Tax Calculation Schema Sales (SD/OTC) Tax Procedure: RVABRA Procurement (MM/PTP) Tax Procedure: TAXBRA Hint : TAXBRJ is a deprecated tax procedure (do not use) Main Customizing Related with the Brazilian Tax Procedures CBT activation Configure Tax Codes Tax Groups Dynamic Exceptions Tax Rates Condition Types Account Keys Condition Records Access Sequences Condition Codes Tax Jurisdiction Screen Controls Conditions Mappings Tax Posting Strings Internal codes Price conditions TAXBRA/RVABRA pricing adjustments MP135 Implementation (Withholding Tax and ISS) CFOP Jurisdiction Codes Tax Laws Tax Situations Hint : All this customizing are done by Logistic Consultants (MM/SD) TAXBRA additional information Transaction "FTXP" is not used in "TAXBRA" In simple terms: TAXBRJ = FTXP (Deprecated) TAXBRA = FV11 Tax Codes must be maintain via Transaction "J1BTAX" Conditions are activated via Transaction "FV11" and "FV12" Using Transaction "J1BTAX" to maintain the tax tables J_1BTX* and tax codes creates condition records automatically Brazilian Tax-O-Meter This is a meter of all taxes charged in the Brazilian territory. Currency: BRL (Brazilian Real) Period: Beginning of the current year until today (Each year the meter is reset) Warning : You're seeing it right. Depending on the month of the year, the value of taxes collected reaches billions or even trillions, with a “T”. The tax burden in Brazil is incredibly high. SAP Third-Party Solution Partners (Graded) These are some third-party solutions available in the Brazilian market to help companies with tax compliance, workflows, business intelligence (BI), artificial intelligence (AI) and automation. Solution Tax Engine E-Reporting E-Invoicing Inbound Automation Tax Correction Tax Payments Tax Management Foreign Trade Tax Refund Tax Files Exchange Tax Workflow Workflow AI /Automation BI / Reporting SAP S4 / ECC A+ SAP GRC NF-e A+ A B- SAP TDF A SAP ACR/DRC B Synchro B B+ B A- B B- Engineering B Thomson Reuters B B- B C B C VIM C GSF Fiscal A- KPMG KTAX B B- C B Sovos B Avalara B- C NSI B- Sonda B CIC B Dootax B Tecnospeed B C Service Now A SAP BPM B+ Automation Anywhere B UiPath B SAP BI A Power BI B- Tableau B- * These grades are not official grades, they were taken from personal experiences and research. Every day companies evolve and improve their technologies, solutions and services. Solution Topics Tax Engine (Motor Fiscal) | Very Important E-Reporting (SPED) | Very Important E-Invoicing (NF-e) | Very Important Inbound Automation (NF-e Entrada) | Important Tax Correction (Carta de Correcao) | Important Tax Payments (Guia / Pagamentos) | Optional Tax Management (Gestao Fiscal) | Optional Foreign Trade (Comex) | Optional Tax Refund (PER/DCOMP) | Optional Tax Files Exchange (Automacao PVA) | Nice to Have Tax Workflow (Agenda Tributaria)| Nice to Have Workflow (Fluxo de Trabalho)| Nice to Have AI - Artificial Intelligence / Automation (Inteligencia Artificial / Automacao)| Nice to Have BI - Business Intelligence / Reporting (Relatorios)| Nice to Have Warning : Don't take this as a recommendation. Every company has different requirements depending on size, industry, processes, budget and pain points. Do your homework looking for the best solution for your company. And remember, always ask the solution provider for a demo, references from other companies as a success case, and if possible, put yourself in contact with their success case companies. NF-e | Nota Fiscal Electronic Nota Fiscal or simply NF-e is the official document in Brazil in a form of "electronic tax invoice". This kind of e-invoicing is used in logistics and services operations. This document is the basis for Brazilian legal operations and reports. SAP has the solution to create, validate and bookkeeping it as well. The Nota Fiscal is under States and Municipality rules, it can be electronic and can be on paper, which it is called DANFE (Auxiliary Document of the Electronic Invoice). The use of NF-e is mandatory and that official file is a digital magnetic file, on XML format. The NF-e deals with sales, purchases and returns. SAP solution for NF-e ensuring creation and validations in the government system. NFe Authorization Flow Outbound Receive Nota Fiscal, Convert to XML Digital Signature Create Batches Manage Status with Government Store Status Updates with Back-end Inbound Receive XML and Check Authorization Check Digital Signature Nofity Issuer Create Documents in ERP Backend (e.g. Inbound Delivery, Goods Receipt, Invoice) Inbound Nota Fiscal The inbound nota fiscal, or MM nota fiscal, is not issued by the company, but by the venders. The company must acknowledge, book and report its. Outbound Nota Fiscal The outbound nota fiscal, or SD nota fiscal, must be issued, validated, booked and reported be the company. Examples of NF: NF for Billing NF for Shipments NF for returns NF for transfer NF-e | DANFE Electronic Nota Fiscal or simply NF-e is the official the official document in Brazil in a form of "electronic tax invoice". This kind of e-invoicing is used in logistics and services operations. This document is the basis for Brazilian legal operations and reports. SAP has the solution to create, validate and bookkeeping it as well. The Nota Fiscal is under States and Municipality rules, it can be electronic and can be on paper, which it is called DANFE (Auxiliary Document of the Electronic Invoice). DANFE Example The DANFE , on paper NF-e, is mandatory for goods movement, so it should be printed and carried along with the goods. Failing to do the goods movement, out of the branches gates, with the DANFE can cause penalties for the company. Tax Engine (Thomson Reuters | Customization Steps) Corporations using SAP as their Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system can simplify their worldwide Indirect Tax requirements by implementing third-party solutions. Some features can include Tax Determination, Integration for SAP, Reporting, and Compliance. Thomson Reuters | OneSource (Global Next / IDT Indirect Determination Tax) The Brazil tax calculation logic is notably complex with many calculations and configuration requirements. It is a challenge to implement even by the most experienced and requires a lot of adjustments and configurations that are specific to your company requirements, customers, products, business models, and reporting needs. The benefits provided by OneSource Indirect Tax Suite are : Fast, accurate sales, use, consumer’s use tax, and VAT results. Monthly tax rate and rules updates for over 175 countries. Integrated tax calculation with SAP minimizing user decisions and tax errors. Removal of the need to change SAP tax codes e ach time a rate/rule changes, eliminating business interruptions, and running out of tax codes in SAP. Complete audit database from which you can generate both standard and custom reports as well as returns. Limitations of the Third-party Solution (OneSource) Solution doesn't include Nota Fiscal creation (Only Tax Determinantion). Nota Fiscal feature needs to be enabled by SAP TAXBRA standard solution. Withholding Taxes Outbound for Sale of Services. Withholding Taxes Inbound for Purchase of Services (Solution developed in July 2023). These are some settings to support Brazil Enablement FI Configuration Createing New Brazil Contigiton Types for FI Creating the Tax Procesure Defining Tax Codes for Sales and Purchases Jurisdiction Code Settings Adding the Required Tax Regions * This step is called "FI Configuration" because the transactions are located in the IMG financial tree like other global VAT tax configuration, but in Brazil it is done by logistics consultants, not financial consultants. SD Configuration Creating New Brazil Condition Types for SD Creating the Pricing Procedure Assigning the New Pricing Procedure to Sales Transactions Define Tax Determination Rules Define Tax Relevance of Customer Master Records MM Configuration Creating New Condition Types Creating a Calculation Schema Assingin the New Calculation Schema to Purchase Transactions Master Data Setup Assign Tax Indicator in the Material Master Sales Organization View Maintain Default Values for Tax Codes Maintain Commodity Code Assign Tax indicator in the Customer Master Maintain Condition Type to Determine Tax Code Global Next (OneSource) Configuration Maintain Determine Condition Types for Taxes Table Brazil Registration Number Requeriments and Other Fiel Mapping Class /IDT/BRAZIL_MATERIAL_USAGE Class /IDT/BRAZIL_FED_REG_NUMBER Commodity Code Map in Field Mapping Table Nota Fiscal Support Configuration J1BTAX Settings Other Configuration Seetings (SPRO) New Brazil Route /IDT/ROUTE_GROUP_DELIVERY New Brazil Auto Journey /IDT/JOURNEY_BRAZIL_SD_ADJUST Dynamic CST Determination for MM CST Determinantion for SD Tax Jurisdiction Codes for Brazil Nota Fiscal Filed Mappings for Inbound STO Process CFOP (Fiscal Code for Operations and Provisions) CFOP is the acronym of the "Codigo Fiscal de Operacoes e Prestacoes" or in English "Fiscal Code for Operations and Provisions". This code identifies a specific transaction by category when issuing the nota fiscal. The nota fiscal contains a huge amount of information. That is why cannot be compared with a simply invoice or even an e-invoicing from other countries in the South America. With that in mind, it is important to know the main information in the nota fiscal, and one of them is the CFOP. Understanding the CFOP is very useful to start to assimilate the content of the nota fiscal and avoid mistakes. The CFOP Code determines the taxation on the operation and if there is any financial or inventory movements for to the Tax Authorities. The different types of CFOP separate the nota fiscal by type (inbound or outbound nota fiscal), by region and by nature of the operation. CFOP Examples Warning : In the CFOP full list there are hundreds of CFOPs. CFOP Description Movement SAP Module 1102 Purchase of products from vendors Same State MM 2102 Purchase of products from vendors Other State MM 3102 Purchase of products from vendors Other Country MM 5102 Product Sales to customers Same State SD 6102 Product Sales to customers Other State SD 7102 Product Sales to customers Other Country SD Understanding the CFOP The CFOP code is basically a 4-digit code. Example : 1102 Purchase of products from vendors in the same state 1º Digit : Identifies the direction (Inbound or Outbound) 2º Digit : Identifies which group or operation is referred 3º and 4º Digits : Identifies the type of operation CFOP Coding 1º digit identifies the direction. Example : 1102 / 2102 / 3102 / 5102 / 6102 / 7102 1xxx |Purchase of the same state (Intrastate operation) 2xxx |Purchase of other state (Interstate operation) 3xxx |Purchase of other country (Importation) 5xxx |Sales to the same state (Intrastate operation) 6xxx |Sales to other state (Interstate operation) 7xxx |Sales to other country (Exportation) 2º digit identifies which group or operation is referred. Example : 1102 / 1202 / 1302 / 1403 / 1556 / 1653 / 1916 x1xx | Purchase / Industrialization / Transfers / Services x2xx | Return / Electricity x3xx | Communication services / Transport services x4xx | Goods with tax substitution / Integration x5xx | Export / Fixed Assets / Material for Use x9xx | Other Entries / Free Samples / Bonus / Repairs / Exhibition Warning : It is not possible to perform operations of different natures on the same nota fiscal. For example, even if it refers to the same customer, a sales nota fiscal cannot be issued together with a return item. Each operation must have a different nota fiscal. CFOP Detailed list You can see below a more complete list of the CFOPs. Unfortunately the Brazilian Government only provides it in Portuguese. Type Origin/Destination CFOP Description Detailed Explanation Compra Mesmo estado 1102 Compra para comercialização Compra de produtos, de fornecedor do seu estado, sem substituição tributária Compra Outro estado 2102 Compra para comercialização Compra de produtos, de fornecedor de outro estado, sem substituição tributária Compra Outro estado 2403 Compra para comercialização em operação com mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária Compra de produtos, de fornecedor de outro estado, com substituição tributária Compra Outro estado 2556 Classificam-se neste código as compras de produtos destinadas ao uso ou consumo do estabelecimento. Compra de produtos de fornecedor/vendedor de outro estado, destinados ao uso / consumo da empresa, por exemplo, materiais para consumir no dia-a-dia. Compra Outro estado 2551 Compra de bem para o ativo imobilizado Compra de produtos de fornecedor/vendedor de outro estado, que são destinados às atividades da empresa. Entrada Mesmo estado 1908 Entrada de bem por conta de contrato de comodatoo Entrada de bem que você recebe em comodato. No contrato de comodato, a empresa que é dona do bem o “empresta” sem cobrar por isso, mas por outro lado, pode retirar quando decidir. Neste caso (1908), o bem “emprestado” pertence ao mesmo estado. Entrada Mesmo estado 1912 Entrada de mercadoria ou bem recebido para demonstração ou mostruário Entrada Mesmo estado 1917 Entrada de mercadoria recebida em consignação mercantil ou industrial Entrada de mercadoria recebida em consignação. No contrato de consignação mercantil ou industrial, a mercadoria é consignada com a intenção de ser vendida. Neste caso (1917), a mercadoria é do mesmo estado. Entrada Outro estado 2908 Entrada de bem por conta de contrato de comodato Entrada de bem que você recebe em comodato. No contrato de comodato, a empresa que é dona do bem o “empresta” sem cobrar por isso, mas por outro lado, pode retirar quando decidir. Neste caso (2908), o bem “emprestado” pertence a outro estado. Entrada Outro estado 2912 Entrada de mercadoria ou bem recebido para demonstração ou mostruário Entrada Outro estado 2917 Entrada de mercadoria recebida em consignação mercantil ou industrial Entrada de mercadoria recebida em consignação. No contrato de consignação mercantil ou industrial, a mercadoria é consignada com a intenção de ser vendida. Neste caso (1917), a mercadoria é de outro estado. Devolução Outro estado 2411 Devolução de venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros em operação com mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária Devolução de um produto que você vendeu para um cliente de outro estado e possui substituição tributária. Devolução Outro estado 2202 Devolução de venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros Devolução de um produto que você vendeu para um cliente de outro estado e não possui substituição tributária. Devolução Outro estado 2204 Devolução de venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, destinada à Zona Franca de Manaus ou Áreas de Livre Comércio Devolução de um produto que você vendeu para um cliente de outro estado, na Zona Franca de Manaus ou Áreas de Livre Comércio, e que não possui substituição tributária. Devolução Mesmo estado 1202 Devolução de venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros Devolução de um produto que você vendeu para um cliente do mesmo estado e não possui substituição tributária. Devolução Mesmo estado 1204 Devolução de venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, destinada à Zona Franca de Manaus ou Áreas de Livre Comércio Devolução de um produto que você vendeu para um cliente do mesmo estado, na Zona Franca de Manaus ou Áreas de Livre Comércio, e que não possui substituição tributária. Devolução Mesmo estado 1411 Devolução de venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros em operação com mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária Devolução de um produto que você vendeu para um cliente do mesmo estado e possui substituição tributária. Devolução Outro estado 2553 Devolução de venda de bem do ativo imobilizado Devolução de uma venda feita com bens utilizados nas atividades da sua empresa, para pessoa ou empresa de outro estado. Devolução Mesmo estado 1553 Devolução de venda de bem do ativo imobilizado Devolução de uma venda feita com bens utilizados nas atividades da sua empresa, para pessoa ou empresa do mesmo estado. Devolução Mesmo estado 1209 Devolução de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, remetida em transferência Devolução de um produto que foi enviado pela sua empresa para terceiros do mesmo estado, para fins diversos (venda, demonstração, etc). Devolução Mesmo estado 1918 Devolução de mercadoria remetida em consignação mercantil ou industrial Devolução de um produto que você enviou em consignação para outra empresa que está no mesmo estado que a sua. Devolução Outro estado 2209 Devolução de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, remetida em transferência Devolução de um produto que foi enviado pela sua empresa para terceiros de outro estado, para fins diversos (venda, demonstração, etc). Devolução Outro estado 2918 Devolução de mercadoria remetida em consignação mercantil ou industrial Devolução de um produto que você enviou em consignação para uma empresa que é de outro estado. Retorno Mesmo estado 1415 Retorno de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, remetida para venda fora do estabelecimento em operação com mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária Retorno de mercadoria com substituição tributária, que você enviou para vender fora da sua empresa, mas no mesmo estado. Retorno Mesmo estado 1904 Retorno de remessa para venda fora do estabelecimento Retorno de mercadoria sem substituição tributária, que você enviou para vender fora da sua empresa, mas no mesmo estado. Retorno Outro estado 2415 Retorno de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, remetida para venda fora do estabelecimento em operação com mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária Retorno de mercadoria com substituição tributária, que você enviou para vender fora da sua empresa e em outro estado. Retorno Outro estado 2904 Retorno de remessa para venda fora do estabelecimento Retorno de mercadoria sem substituição tributária, que você enviou para vender fora da sua empresa e em outro estado. Retorno Mesmo estado 1554 Retorno de bem do ativo imobilizado remetido para uso fora do estabelecimento Retorno de um bem da sua empresa que foi enviado para ser usado em outro local, dentro do seu estado. Retorno Outro estado 2554 Retorno de bem do ativo imobilizado remetido para uso fora do estabelecimento Retorno de um bem da sua empresa que foi enviado para ser usado em outro local, fora do seu estado. Retorno Mesmo estado 1555 Entrada de bem do ativo imobilizado de terceiro, remetido para uso no estabelecimento Quando sua empresa recebe um bem de outra empresa, que está no mesmo estado, para utilização nas atividades de sua empresa. Retorno Outro estado 2555 Entrada de bem do ativo imobilizado de terceiro, remetido para uso no estabelecimento Quando sua empresa recebe um bem de outra empresa, que está em outro estado, para utilização nas atividades de sua empresa. Retorno Mesmo estado 1906 Retorno de mercadoria remetida para depósito fechado ou armazém geral Quando sua própria mercadoria retorna ao seu estoque de um armazém ou depósito no mesmo estado que o seu. Retorno Mesmo estado 1907 Retorno simbólico de mercadoria remetida para depósito fechado ou armazém geral Quando ocorre algum imprevisto no envio da sua própria mercadoria para um armazém ou depósito de estocagem (no mesmo estado) e ela retorna ao seu estoque, antes de ter chegado ao destino inicial. Retorno Outro estado 2906 Retorno de mercadoria remetida para depósito fechado ou armazém geral Quando sua própria mercadoria retorna ao seu estoque de um armazém ou depósito de outro estado. Retorno Outro estado 2907 Retorno simbólico de mercadoria remetida para depósito fechado ou armazém geral Quando ocorre algum imprevisto no envio da sua própria mercadoria para um armazém ou depósito de estocagem (em outro estado) e ela retorna ao seu estoque, antes de ter chegado ao destino inicial. Retorno Mesmo estado 1909 Retorno de bem remetido por conta de contrato de comodato Retorno de bem que você enviou em comodato. No contrato de comodato, a empresa que é dona do bem o “empresta” sem cobrar por isso, mas por outro lado, pode retirar quando decidir. Neste caso (2908), o bem da sua empresa foi emprestado para uma empresa do mesmo estado. Retorno Mesmo estado 1913 Retorno de mercadoria ou bem remetido para demonstração, mostruário ou treinamento Retorno de mercadoria que você enviou para demonstração, mostruário ou treinamento em outra empresa no mesmo estado que o seu. Retorno Mesmo estado 1914 Retorno de mercadoria ou bem remetido para exposição ou feira Retorno de mercadoria que você enviou para uma exposição ou feira que ocorreu no mesmo estado que o seu. Retorno Mesmo estado 1916 Retorno de mercadoria ou bem remetido para conserto ou reparo Retorno de uma mercadoria de sua empresa, que você enviou para arrumar em um lugar no mesmo estado. Retorno Outro estado 2909 Retorno de bem remetido por conta de contrato de comodato Retorno de bem que você enviou em comodato. No contrato de comodato, a empresa que é dona do bem o “empresta” sem cobrar por isso, mas por outro lado, pode retirar quando decidir. Neste caso (2908), o bem da sua empresa foi emprestado para uma empresa de outro estado. Retorno Outro estado 2913 Retorno de mercadoria ou bem remetido para demonstração, mostruário ou treinamento Retorno de mercadoria que você enviou apenas para demonstração, mostruário ou treinamento em outra empresa em outro estado diferente do seu. Retorno Outro estado 2914 Retorno de mercadoria ou bem remetido para exposição ou feira Retorno de mercadoria que você enviou para uma exposição ou feira que ocorreu em outro estado diferente do seu. Retorno Outro estado 2916 Retorno de mercadoria ou bem remetido para conserto ou reparo Retorno de uma mercadoria de sua empresa, que você enviou para arrumar em um lugar em um estado diferente do seu. Retorno Mesmo estado 1915 Entrada de mercadoria ou bem recebido para conserto ou reparo Quando sua empresa recebe um produto para arrumar/consertar, vindo do mesmo estado que o seu. Retorno Outro estado 2915 Entrada de mercadoria ou bem recebido para conserto ou reparo Quando sua empresa recebe um produto para arrumar/consertar, vindo de um estado diferente do seu. Retorno Mesmo estado 1925 Retorno de mercadoria remetida para industrialização por conta e ordem do adquirente da mercadoria, quando esta não transitar pelo estabelecimento do adquirente Quando um produto seu, que foi enviado para uma indústria no mesmo estado que o da sua empresa, retorna para você antes mesmo de chegar no seu cliente. Retorno Outro estado 2925 Retorno de mercadoria remetida para industrialização por conta e ordem do adquirente da mercadoria, quando esta não transitar pelo estabelecimento do adquirente Quando um produto seu, que foi enviado para uma indústria em outro estado, retorna para você antes mesmo de chegar no seu cliente. Retorno Outro estado 2949 Outra entrada de mercadoria ou prestação de serviço não especificada Qualquer outra entrada de mercadoria na sua empresa, vinda de outro estado, que não se encaixe em nenhuma das outras especificações anteriores. Este CFOP é muito usado para troca em garantia. Retorno Mesmo estado 1949 Outra entrada de mercadoria ou prestação de serviço não especificada Qualquer outra entrada de mercadoria na sua empresa, vinda do mesmo estado, que não se encaixe em nenhuma das outras especificações anteriores. Transferência Mesmo estado 1152 Transferência de produtos de outro estabelecimento da mesma empresa, para serem comercializadas. Quando sua empresa recebe seus produtos vindos de outro espaço da sua própria rede, dentro do mesmo estado, para que seja vendido. Transferência Outro estado 2152 Transferência de produtos de outro estabelecimento da mesma empresa, para serem comercializadas. Quando sua empresa recebe seus produtos vindos de outro espaço da sua própria rede, dentro de outro estado, para que seja vendido. Transferência Mesmo estado 1409 Transferência para comercialização em operação com mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária, para serem comercializadas, decorrentes de operações sujeitas ao regime de substituição tributária. Quando sua empresa recebe seus produtos com substituição tributária vindos de outro espaço da sua própria rede, dentro do mesmo estado, para que seja vendido. Transferência Outro estado 2409 Transferência para comercialização em operação com mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária, para serem comercializadas, decorrentes de operações sujeitas ao regime de substituição tributária. Quando sua empresa recebe seus produtos com substituição tributária vindos de outro espaço da sua própria rede, dentro de outro estado, para que seja vendido. Transferência Mesmo estado 1154 Transferência para utilização na prestação de serviço de outro estabelecimento da mesma empresa, para serem utilizadas nas prestações de serviços. Quando sua empresa recebe uma mercadoria vinda da sua própria empresa, de uma sede no mesmo estado, para utilizar ao prestar um serviço. Transferência Outro estado 2154 Transferência para utilização na prestação de serviço de outro estabelecimento da mesma empresa, para serem utilizadas nas prestações de serviços. Quando sua empresa recebe uma mercadoria vinda da sua própria empresa, de uma sede em outro estado, para utilizar ao prestar um serviço. Transferência Mesmo estado 1557 Transferência de material para uso ou consumo recebidos em transferência de outro estabelecimento da mesma empresa. Quando sua empresa recebe uma mercadoria vinda da sua própria empresa, de uma sede no mesmo estado, para uso ou consumo. Transferência Outro estado 2557 Transferência de material para uso ou consumo recebidos em transferência de outro estabelecimento da mesma empresa. Quando sua empresa recebe uma mercadoria vinda da sua própria empresa, de uma sede em outro estado, para uso ou consumo. Transferência Mesmo estado 1552 Transferência de bem do ativo imobilizado recebidos em transferência de outro estabelecimento da mesma empresa. Quando sua empresa recebe uma mercadoria vinda da sua própria empresa, de uma sede no mesmo estado, mercadoria essa para ser destinada às atividades da empresa. Transferência Outro estado 2552 Transferência de bem do ativo imobilizado recebidos em transferência de outro estabelecimento da mesma empresa. Quando sua empresa recebe uma mercadoria vinda da sua própria empresa, de uma sede de outro estado, mercadoria essa para ser destinada às atividades da empresa. Venda Mesmo estado 5102 Venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros Venda de um produto para um cliente do mesmo estado e que não possui substituição tributária. Venda Outro estado 6102 Venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros Venda de um produto para um cliente de outro estado e que não possui substituição tributária. Venda Mesmo estado 5403 Venda de mercadoria, adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária, na condição de **contribuinte-substituto** Venda de uma mercadoria que você comprou de terceiros e que tenha substituição tributária. Nesse caso, a venda é feita dentro do mesmo estado e sua empresa é quem vai pagar o imposto. Venda Mesmo estado 5405 Venda de mercadoria, adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária, na condição de contribuinte-substituído Venda de uma mercadoria que você comprou de terceiros e que tenha substituição tributária. Nesse caso, a venda é feita dentro do mesmo estado e a empresa que comprou é quem vai pagar o imposto. Venda Outro estado 6403 Venda de mercadoria, adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária, na condição de **contribuinte-substituto** Venda de uma mercadoria que você comprou de terceiros e que tenha substituição tributária. Nesse caso, a venda é feita para outro estado e sua empresa é quem vai pagar o imposto. Venda Outro estado 6404 Venda de mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária, cujo imposto já tenha sido retido anteriormente Venda para cliente de outro estado, de uma mercadoria que já teve o imposto retido anteriormente. Venda Mesmo estado 5110 Venda de mercadoria, adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, destinada à Zona Franca de Manaus ou Áreas de Livre Comercio, de que trata o Anexo do Convênio SINIEF s/n, de 15 de dezembro de 1970, que dispõe sobre o Sistema Nacional Integrado de Informações Econômico-Fiscais Venda de produto para um cliente do mesmo estado, na Zona Franca de Manaus ou Áreas de Livre Comércio, e que não possui substituição tributária. Venda Outro estado 6108 Venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, destinada a não contribuinte Venda de mercadoria, que foi comprada de terceiros, para comprador de outro estado que não contribui com ICMS. Isento de ICMS, isso não significa que não possui Inscrição Estadual, ok? Venda Mesmo estado 5551 Venda de bem do ativo imobilizado Venda de BEM da empresa para comprador do mesmo estado. Venda Outro estado 6551 Venda de bem do ativo imobilizado Venda de BEM da empresa para comprador de outro estado. Venda Mesmo estado 5114 Venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros **REMETIDA** anteriormente em consignação mercantil Quando você vende um produto que anteriormente enviou como em consignação, você utiliza esse CFOP após fazer uma emissão com o 1917. Venda Mesmo estado 5115 Venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, **RECEBIDA** anteriormente em consignação mercantil Quando sua empresa compra um produto que foi recebido em consignação e faz a venda deste dentro do mesmo estado. Venda Mesmo estado 5117 Venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, originada de encomenda para entrega futura Quando você emite uma nota de venda para um cliente do mesmo estado, que encomendou mercadoria da sua empresa, mas ainda não a recebeu. Utilizado na entrega da mercadoria emitida pela NF com CFOP 5922. Venda Mesmo estado 5119 Venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros entregue ao destinatário por conta e ordem do adquirente originário, em venda à ordem Quando seu cliente, do mesmo estado que sua empresa, vende um produto que comprou da sua empresa e manda entregar direto no cliente dele. Nesse caso, seu cliente paga pelo frete. Venda Mesmo estado 5120 Venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros entregue ao destinatário pelo vendedor remetente, em venda à ordem Quando seu cliente, do mesmo estado que sua empresa, vende um produto que comprou da sua empresa e manda entregar direto no cliente dele. Nesse caso, sua empresa paga pelo frete. Venda Mesmo estado 5922 Lançamento efetuado a título de simples faturamento decorrente de venda para entrega futura Quando você emite uma nota de lançamento de mercadoria sem substituição tributária para um cliente do mesmo estado, que encomendou mercadoria da sua empresa mas ainda não a recebeu. Utilizado em casos de adiantamento ou recebimento financeiro. Venda Outro estado 6922 Lançamento efetuado a título de simples faturamento decorrente de venda para entrega futura. Quando você emite uma nota de lançamento de mercadoria sem substituição tributária para um cliente de outro estado, que encomendou mercadoria da sua empresa mas ainda não a recebeu. Utilizado em casos de adiantamento ou recebimento financeiro. Venda Outro estado 6104 Venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, efetuada fora do estabelecimento Quando a nota é referente a uma venda que foi realizada fora do estabelecimento, para cliente de outro estado. Venda Mesmo estado 5104 Venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, efetuada fora do estabelecimento Quando a nota é referente a uma venda que foi realizada fora do estabelecimento, para cliente do mesmo estado. Venda Outro estado 6110 Venda de mercadoria, adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, destinada à Zona Franca de Manaus ou Áreas de Livre Comércio Venda de produto para um cliente de outro estado, na Zona Franca de Manaus ou Áreas de Livre Comércio, e que não possui substituição tributária. Venda Mesmo estado 5110 Venda de mercadoria, adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, destinada à Zona Franca de Manaus ou Áreas de Livre Comércio Venda de produto para um cliente do mesmo estado, na Zona Franca de Manaus ou Áreas de Livre Comércio, e que não possui substituição tributária. Venda Outro estado 6114 Venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros **REMETIDA** anteriormente em consignação mercantil Quando sua empresa consigna um produto a um cliente de outro estado e esse cliente faz a venda desse produto. Venda Outro estado 6115 Venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, **RECEBIDA** anteriormente em consignação mercantil Quando sua empresa recebe um produto em consignação e faz a venda dele para outro estado. Venda Outro estado 6117 Venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, originada de encomenda para entrega futura Quando você emite uma nota de venda para um cliente de outro estado, que encomendou mercadoria da sua empresa, mas ainda não a recebeu. Venda Outro estado 6119 Venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros entregue ao destinatário por conta e ordem do adquirente originário, em venda à ordem Quando seu cliente, de outro estado, vende um produto que comprou da sua empres e manda entregar direto no cliente dele. Nesse caso, seu cliente paga pelo frete. Venda Outro estado 6120 Venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros entregue ao destinatário pelo vendedor remetente, em venda à ordem Quando seu cliente, de outro estado, vende um produto que comprou da sua empresa e manda entregar direto no cliente dele. Nesse caso, sua empresa paga pelo frete. Venda Mesmo estado 5123 Venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros remetida para industrialização, por conta e ordem do adquirente, sem transitar pelo estabelecimento do adquirente Quando você manda uma mercadoria para alteração, adição de outros itens para compor o que você vende, sem que a matéria-prima passe por seu estabelecimento Venda Outro estado 6123 Venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros remetida para industrialização, por conta e ordem do adquirente, sem transitar pelo estabelecimento do adquirente Quando você manda uma mercadoria para alteração, adição de outros itens para compor o que você vende, sem que a matéria-prima passe por seu estabelecimento Remessa Mesmo estado 5917 Remessa de mercadoria em consignação mercantil ou industrial Saída de mercadoria em consignação. No contrato de consignação mercantil ou industrial, a mercadoria é consignada com a intenção de ser vendida. Neste caso, a mercadoria vai para o mesmo estado. Remessa Mesmo estado 5908 Remessa de bem por conta de contrato de comodato Saída de bem da sua empresa em comodato. No contrato de comodato, a empresa que é dona do bem o “empresta” sem cobrar por isso, mas por outro lado, pode retirar quando decidir. Neste caso o bem é “emprestado” para uma empresa no mesmo estado. Remessa Mesmo estado 5909 Retorno de bem recebido por conta de contrato de comodato Saída de bem que você recebeu em comodato. No contrato de comodato, a empresa que é dona do bem o “empresta” sem cobrar por isso, mas por outro lado, pode retirar quando decidir. Neste caso, o bem “emprestado” pertence a uma outra empresa do mesmo estado e você está devolvendo. Remessa Outro estado 6908 Remessa de bem por conta de contrato de comodato Saída de bem da sua empresa em comodato. No contrato de comodato, a empresa que é dona do bem o “empresta” sem cobrar por isso, mas por outro lado, pode retirar quando decidir. Neste caso o bem é “emprestado” para uma empresa em outro estado. Remessa Outro estado 6909 Retorno de bem recebido por conta de contrato de comodato Saída de bem que você recebeu em comodato. No contrato de comodato, a empresa que é dona do bem o “empresta” sem cobrar por isso, mas por outro lado, pode retirar quando decidir. Neste caso, o bem “emprestado” pertence a uma outra empresa de outro estado e você está devolvendo. Remessa Outro estado 6917 Remessa de mercadoria em consignação mercantil ou industrial Saída de mercadoria em consignação. No contrato de consignação mercantil ou industrial, a mercadoria é consignada com a intenção de ser vendida. Neste caso, a mercadoria vai para outro estado. Devolução Mesmo estado 5412 Devolução de bem do ativo imobilizado, em operação com mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária Devolução de produtos que seriam destinados ao consumo/uso da empresa para fornecedor/vendedor do mesmo estado. Produtos com substituição tributária. Devolução Mesmo estado 5553 Devolução de compra de bem para o ativo imobilizado Devolução de produtos que seriam destinados ao consumo/uso da empresa para fornecedor/vendedor do mesmo estado. Produtos sem substituição tributária. Devolução Outro estado 6412 Devolução de bem do ativo imobilizado, em operação com mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária Devolução de produtos que seriam destinados ao consumo/uso da empresa para fornecedor/vendedor de outro estado. Produtos com substituição tributária. Devolução Outro estado 6553 Devolução de compra de bem para o ativo imobilizado Devolução de produtos que seriam destinados ao consumo/uso da empresa para fornecedor/vendedor de outro estado. Produtos com substituição tributária. Devolução Mesmo estado 5202 Devolução de compra para comercialização Devolução de produtos que foram comprados para sua empresa vender. Quando esses produtos não têm substituição tributária e são de fornecedor do mesmo estado que o da sua empresa. Devolução Outro estado 6202 Devolução de compra para comercialização Devolução de produtos que foram comprados para sua empresa vender. Quando esses produtos não têm substituição tributária e são de fornecedor de outro estado. Devolução Mesmo estado 5411 Devolução de compra para comercialização em operação com mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária Devolução de produtos que foram comprados para sua empresa vender. Quando esses produtos possuem substituição tributária e são de fornecedor do mesmo estado que o da sua empresa. Devolução Outro estado 6411 Devolução de compra para comercialização em operação com mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária Devolução de produtos que foram comprados para sua empresa vender. Quando esses produtos possuem substituição tributária e são de fornecedor de outro estado. Devolução Mesmo estado 5918 Devolução de mercadoria recebida em consignação mercantil ou industrial Devolução de mercadoria que foi recebida em consignação. No contrato de consignação mercantil ou industrial, a mercadoria é consignada com a intenção de ser vendida. Neste caso, a mercadoria é do mesmo estado. Devolução Mesmo estado 5919 Devolução simbólica de mercadoria vendida ou utilizada em processo industrial, recebida anteriormente em consignação mercantil ou industrial Quando, por algum motivo pontual, você precisa fazer uma devolução apenas simbólica dentro do mesmo estado, sem realmente devolver a mercadoria que foi acordada em consignação. Devolução Mesmo estado 5921 evolução de vasilhame ou sacaria Quando sua empresa devolve uma embalagem, vasilhame ou sacaria para outra empresa do mesmo estado. Devolução Mesmo estado 5209 Devolução de produtos recebidas em transferência de outro estabelecimento da mesma empresa, para serem comercializadas. Quando, dentro do mesmo estado, sua empresa devolve produtos para outro espaço da sua própria rede, para que sejam vendidos. Devolução Outro estado 6209 Devolução de produtos recebidas em transferência de outro estabelecimento da mesma empresa, para serem comercializadas. Quando, entre diferentes estados, sua empresa devolve produtos para outro espaço da sua própria rede, para que sejam vendidos. Devolução Outro estado 6918 Devolução de mercadoria recebida em consignação mercantil ou industrial Devolução de mercadoria que foi recebida em consignação. No contrato de consignação mercantil ou industrial, a mercadoria é consignada com a intenção de ser vendida. Neste caso, a mercadoria é de outro estado. Devolução Outro estado 6919 Devolução simbólica de mercadoria vendida ou utilizada em processo industrial, recebida anteriormente em consignação mercantil ou industrial Quando, por algum motivo pontual, você precisa fazer uma devolução apenas simbólica para outro estado, sem realmente devolver a mercadoria que foi acordada em consignação. Devolução Outro estado 6921 evolução de vasilhame ou sacaria Quando sua empresa devolve uma embalagem, vasilhame ou sacaria para outra empresa de outro estado. Devolução Mesmo estado 5210 Devolução de compra para utilização na prestação de serviço Quando você devolve uma mercadoria, que comprou para usar na prestação de serviço, para uma empresa dentro do mesmo estado. Devolução Outro estado 6210 Devolução de compra para utilização na prestação de serviço Quando você devolve uma mercadoria, que comprou para usar na prestação de serviço, para uma empresa de outro estado. Devolução Mesmo estado 5413 Devolução de mercadoria destinada ao uso ou consumo, em operação com mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária. Devolução de mercadoria que você comprou de fornecedor/vendedor do mesmo estado, destinada ao uso / consumo da empresa e que tenha substituição tributária. Devolução Outro estado 6413 Devolução de mercadoria destinada ao uso ou consumo, em operação com mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária. Devolução de mercadoria que você comprou de fornecedor/vendedor de outro estado, destinada ao uso / consumo da empresa e que tenha substituição tributária. Devolução Outro estado 6556 Devolução de compra de material de uso ou consumo Devolução de mercadoria que você comprou de fornecedor/vendedor de outro estado, destinada ao uso / consumo da empresa e que não tenha substituição tributária. Devolução Mesmo estado 5556 Devolução de compra de material de uso ou consumo Devolução de mercadoria que você comprou de fornecedor/vendedor do mesmo estado, destinada ao uso / consumo da empresa e que não tenha substituição tributária. Remessa Mesmo estado 5904 Remessa para venda fora do estabelecimento Envio de mercadoria para fora do seu estabelecimento dentro do mesmo estado. Remessa Mesmo estado 6905 Remessa para depósito fechado ou armazém geral Envio de mercadoria para um depósito fechado ou armazém que fica em um outro estado. Remessa Mesmo estado 5905 Remessa para depósito fechado ou armazém geral Envio de mercadoria para um depósito fechado ou armazém que fica dentro do mesmo estado que sua empresa. Remessa Mesmo estado 5415 Remessa de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros para venda fora do estabelecimento, em operação com mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária Quando sua empresa envia, dentro do mesmo estado, uma mercadoria que foi recebida ou adquirida de terceiros e contém substituição tributária Remessa Outro estado 6904 Remessa para venda fora do estabelecimento Envio de mercadoria para fora do seu estabelecimento em outro estado. Remessa Outro estado 6415 Remessa de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros para venda fora do estabelecimento, em operação com mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária Quando sua empresa envia para outro estado uma mercadoria que foi recebida ou adquirida de terceiros e contém substituição tributária. Remessa Mesmo estado 5910 Remessa em bonificação, doação ou brinde Envio de mercadoria dentro do mesmo estado, com o intuito de doar, bonificar ou apenas dar um brinde, sem fins comerciais. Remessa Mesmo estado 5911 Remessa de amostra grátis Envio de amostra grátis para empresa do mesmo estado. Remessa Outro estado 6910 Remessa em bonificação, doação ou brinde Envio de mercadoria para outro estado, com o intuito de doar, bonificar ou apenas dar um brinde, sem fins comerciais. Remessa Outro estado 6911 Remessa de amostra grátis Envio de amostra grátis para empresa de outro estado. Remessa Mesmo estado 5912 Remessa de mercadoria ou bem para demonstração, mostruário ou treinamento Envio de mercadoria apenas para demonstração, mostruário ou treinamento no mesmo estado, sem fins comerciais, ou seja, não pode ser vendida. Remessa Mesmo estado 5913 Retorno de mercadoria ou bem recebido para demonstração ou mostruário Quando você devolve, para uma empresa no mesmo estado, uma mercadoria que foi recebida apenas para demonstração ou mostruário, não para ser vendida. Remessa Mesmo estado 5914 Remessa de mercadoria ou bem para exposição ou feira Quando você envia uma mercadoria para uma feira ou para ficar exposta no mesmo estado, mas que pode ser vendida caso necessário. Remessa Mesmo estado 5915 emessa de mercadoria ou bem para conserto ou reparo Quando você envia uma mercadoria ou bem de sua empresa, para arrumar em um lugar no mesmo estado. Remessa Mesmo estado 5916 Retorno de mercadoria ou bem recebido para conserto ou reparo Quando você devolve para uma empresa do mesmo estado, uma mercadoria ou bem que sua empresa recebeu para arrumar. Remessa Outro estado 6912 Remessa de mercadoria ou bem para demonstração, mostruário ou treinamento Envio de mercadoria apenas para demonstração, mostruário ou treinamento em outro estado, sem fins comerciais, ou seja, não pode ser vendida. Remessa Outro estado 6913 Retorno de mercadoria ou bem recebido para demonstração ou mostruário Quando você devolve, para uma empresa de outro estado, uma mercadoria que foi recebida apenas para demonstração ou mostruário, não para ser vendida. Remessa Outro estado 6914 Remessa de mercadoria ou bem para exposição ou feira Quando você envia uma mercadoria para uma feira ou para ficar exposta em outro estado, mas que pode ser vendida caso necessário. Remessa Outro estado 6915 Remessa de mercadoria ou bem para conserto ou reparo Quando você envia uma mercadoria ou bem de sua empresa, para arrumar em um lugar em outro estado. Remessa Outro estado 6916 Retorno de mercadoria ou bem recebido para conserto ou reparo Quando você devolve para uma empresa de outro estado, uma mercadoria ou bem que sua empresa recebeu para arrumar. Remessa Mesmo estado 5554 Remessa de bem do ativo imobilizado para uso fora do estabelecimento Quando você envia um bem da sua empresa para que seja utilizado fora do seu estabelecimento, no mesmo estado. Remessa Outro estado 6554 Remessa de bem do ativo imobilizado para uso fora do estabelecimento Quando você envia um bem da sua empresa para que seja utilizado fora do seu estabelecimento, em outro estado. Remessa Mesmo estado 5555 Devolução de bem do ativo imobilizado de terceiro, recebido para uso no estabelecimento Quando você devolve um bem de outra empresa, do mesmo estado que o seu, que foi “emprestado” para que fosse utilizado na sua empresa. Remessa Outro estado 6555 Devolução de bem do ativo imobilizado de terceiro, recebido para uso no estabelecimento Quando você devolve um bem de outra empresa, de outro estado, que foi “emprestado” para que fosse utilizado na sua empresa. Remessa Mesmo estado 5927 Lançamento efetuado a título de baixa de estoque decorrente de perda, roubo ou deterioração Quando você precisa emitir uma nota de baixa de estoque apenas, para um produto que foi roubado, perdido ou estragado. Remessa Mesmo estado 5928 Lançamento efetuado a título de baixa de estoque decorrente do encerramento da atividade da empresa Quando você precisa emitir uma nota de baixa de estoque porque sua empresa não terá mais atividade. Remessa Mesmo estado 5929 Lançamento efetuado em decorrência de emissão de documento fiscal relativo a operação ou prestação também registrada em equipamento Emissor de Cupom Fiscal – ECF Quando você compra mercadoria em estabelecimento que emite Cupom Fiscal, e você precisará de uma nota fiscal para entrada em Estoque/Uso Consumo Remessa Mesmo estado 5949 Outra saída de mercadoria ou prestação de serviço não especificado Qualquer outra saída de mercadoria da sua empresa, para o mesmo estado, que não se encaixe em nenhuma das outras especificações anteriores. Remessa Outro estado 6929 Lançamento efetuado em decorrência de emissão de documento fiscal relativo a operação ou prestação também registrada em equipamento Emissor de Cupom Fiscal – ECF Quando você compra mercadoria em estabelecimento que emite Cupom Fiscal, e você precisará de uma nota fiscal para entrada em Estoque/Uso Consumo Remessa Outro estado 6949 Outra saída de mercadoria ou prestação de serviço não especificado Qualquer outra saída de mercadoria da sua empresa, para outro estado, que não se encaixe em nenhuma das outras especificações anteriores. Remessa Mesmo estado 5206 Anulação de valor relativo a aquisição de serviço de transporte Quando você paga para uma transportadora para enviar ou receber uma mercadoria, e por algum motivo cancelará o processo, deverá emitir uma NF com essa CFOP para anular o valor de Frete, assim o transportador pode recuperar o valor sobre. Remessa Outro estado 6206 Anulação de valor relativo a aquisição de serviço de transporte Quando você paga para uma transportadora para enviar ou receber uma mercadoria, e por algum motivo cancelará o processo, deverá emitir uma NF com essa CFOP para anular o valor de Frete, assim o transportador pode recuperar o valor sobre. Remessa Mesmo estado 5603 Ressarcimento de ICMS retido por substituição tributária Quando você emite uma nota com valores que não deveriam ser debitados quanto a substituição tributária, e precisa recuperá-los de forma legal Remessa Mesmo estado 5606 Utilização de saldo credor do ICMS para extinção por compensação de débitos fiscais Esse é utilizado de acordo com estado e sua base legal. Remessa Outro estado 6603 Ressarcimento de ICMS retido por substituição tributária Quando você emite uma nota com valores que não deveriam ser debitados quanto a substituição tributária, e precisa recuperá-los de forma legal. Transferência Mesmo estado 5409 Transferência de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros em operação com mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária Saída de um produto que você comprou ou recebeu de um fornecedor / vendedor do mesmo estado e possui substituição tributária. Transferência Outro estado 6409 Transferência de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros em operação com mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária Saída de um produto que você comprou ou recebeu de um fornecedor / vendedor de outro estado e possui substituição tributária. Transferência Mesmo estado 5557 Transferência de material de uso ou consumo Transferência dentro do mesmo estado de materiais destinados ao uso ou consumo da empresa, por exemplo, para consumir no dia-a-dia. Transferência Outro estado 6557 Transferência de material de uso ou consumo Transferência para outro estado de materiais destinados ao uso ou consumo da empresa, por exemplo, para consumir no dia-a-dia. Transferência Mesmo estado 5552 Transferência de bem do ativo imobilizado Transferência dentro do mesmo estado de materiais que são destinados às atividades da empresa. Transferência Outro estado 6552 Transferência de bem do ativo imobilizado Transferência para outro estado de materiais que são destinados às atividades da empresa. CFOP Links Each Treasury Department maintains an updated table on its website. Here you can see links for some of the main states: CFOP Table | Sefaz AM | State Amazonas | https://online.sefaz.am.gov.br CFOP Table | Sefaz BA | State Bahia | https://www.sefaz.ba.gov.br/contribuinte/cfop.htm CFOP Table | Sefaz MA | State Maranhao | https://sistemas1.sefaz.ma.gov.br/portalsefaz/pdf?codigo=1577 CFOP Table | Sefaz SC | State Santa Catarina | https://legislacao.sef.sc.gov.br/cabecalhos/frame_ricms_01_10.htm CFOP Table | Sefaz SP | State Sao Paulo | https://legislacao.fazenda.sp.gov.br/Paginas/l6an5.aspx CNAE (National Classification of Economic Activities) The National Classification of Economic Activities or simply CNAE is used to determine which activities are carried out by a company. It is mandatory for all legal entities, the CNAE is essential for obtaining the Company ID. In addition to contributing to improving the country's tax management, this classification ensures that your company pays only the relevant taxes to the business. What happens if a divergent CNAE is chosen? If the CNAE is chosen incorrectly, there is a risk of paying undue taxes (even for more) and there is also a great chance that the company will be considered irregular by the regulators, including the payment of fines. How not to make a mistake in defining the company's CNAE? It is very important to have the guidance of registered accountant. In addition, the accountant will help you to: Choose the legal nature Define the size of the company Choose the tax regime and check the tax rates Carry out accounting and tax bookkeeping Guarantee the delivery of ancillary obligations Issue debt clearance certificates Provide labor advice Provide advice on tax planning Provide advice on financial management Example of CNAEs 69.11-7/01: Legal Services 71.12-0/00: Engineering Services 73.19-0/04: Advertising Consulting 62.04-0/00: IT Consulting 62.01-5/02: Web design 74.20-0/04: Filming and Events Hint : In the full list, there are more than a thousand CNAEs available. CNAE Full List You can check the full list below or you can visit the official IBGE webpage and check the updated list at the link below. IBGE Search System | https://concla.ibge.gov.br/busca-online-cnae.html What is : IBGE CNAE Description Appendix Factor R Rate 32.50-7/06 Serviços de prótese dentária V Sim 15.5% 32.50-7/06 Serviços de prótese dentária III Sim 6% 32.50-7/09 Serviço de laboratório óptico V Sim 15.5% 32.50-7/09 Serviço de laboratório óptico III Sim 6% 43.99-1/01 Administração de obras III Não 6% 45.12-9/01 Representantes comerciais e agentes do comércio de veículos automotores V Sim 15.5% 45.30-7/02 Comércio por atacado de pneumáticos e câmaras-de-ar I Não 4% 45.30-7/03 Comércio a varejo de peças e acessórios novos para veículos automotores I Não 4% 45.30-7/04 Comércio a varejo de peças e acessórios usados para veículos automotores I Não 4% 45.30-7/05 Comércio a varejo de pneumáticos e câmaras-de-ar I Não 4% 45.30-7/06 Representantes comerciais e agentes do comércio de peças e acessórios novos e usados para veículos automotores V Sim 15.5% 45.41-2/02 Comércio por atacado de peças e acessórios para motocicletas e motonetas I Não 4% 45.41-2/06 Comércio a varejo de peças e acessórios novos para motocicletas e motonetas I Não 4% 45.41-2/07 Comércio a varejo de peças e acessórios usados para motocicletas e motonetas I Não 4% 45.42-1/01 Representantes comerciais e agentes do comércio de motocicletas e motonetas, peças e acessórios V Sim 15.5% 46.11-7/00 Representantes comerciais e agentes do comércio de matérias-primas agrícolas e animais vivos V Sim 15.5% 46.12-5/00 Representantes comerciais e agentes do comércio de combustíveis, minerais, produtos siderúrgicos e químicos V Sim 15.5% 46.13-3/00 Representantes comerciais e agentes do comércio de madeira, material de construção e ferragens V Sim 15.5% 46.14-1/00 Representantes comerciais e agentes do comércio de máquinas, equipamentos, embarcações e aeronaves V Sim 15.5% 46.15-0/00 Representantes comerciais e agentes do comércio de eletrodomésticos, móveis e artigos de uso doméstico V Sim 15.5% 46.16-8/00 Representantes comerciais e agentes do comércio de têxteis, vestuário, calçados e artigos de viagem V Sim 15.5% 46.17-6/00 Representantes comerciais e agentes do comércio de produtos alimentícios, bebidas e fumo V Sim 15.5% 46.18-4/01 Representantes comerciais e agentes do comércio de medicamentos, cosméticos e produtos de perfumaria V Sim 15.5% 46.18-4/02 Representantes comerciais e agentes do comércio de instrumentos e materiais odonto-médico-hospitalares V Sim 15.5% 46.18-4/03 Representantes comerciais e agentes do comércio de jornais, revistas e outras publicações V Sim 15.5% 46.18-4/99 Outros representantes comerciais e agentes do comércio especializado em produtos não especificados anteriormente V Sim 15.5% 46.19-2/00 Representantes comerciais e agentes do comércio de mercadorias em geral não especializado V Sim 15.5% 46.35-4/01 Comércio atacadista de água mineral I Não 4% 46.35-4/02 Comércio atacadista de cerveja, chope e refrigerante I Não 4% 46.37-1/04 Comércio atacadista de pães, bolos, biscoitos e similares I Não 4% 46.37-1/05 Comércio atacadista de massas alimentícias I Não 4% 46.37-1/06 Comércio atacadista de sorvetes I Não 4% 46.37-1/07 Comércio atacadista de chocolates, confeitos, balas, bombons e semelhantes I Não 4% 46.37-1/99 Comércio atacadista especializado em outros produtos alimentícios não especificados anteriormente I Não 4% 46.39-7/01 Comércio atacadista de produtos alimentícios em geral I Não 4% 46.41-9/01 Comércio atacadista de tecidos I Não 4% 46.41-9/02 Comércio atacadista de artigos de cama, mesa e banho I Não 4% 46.41-9/03 Comércio atacadista de artigos de armarinho I Não 4% 46.42-7/01 Comércio atacadista de artigos do vestuário e acessórios, exceto profissionais e de segurança I Não 4% 46.42-7/02 Comércio atacadista de roupas e acessórios para uso profissional e de segurança do trabalho I Não 4% 46.43-5/01 Comércio atacadista de calçados I Não 4% 46.43-5/02 Comércio atacadista de bolsas, malas e artigos de viagem I Não 4% 46.46-0/01 Comércio atacadista de cosméticos e produtos de perfumaria I Não 4% 46.46-0/02 Comércio atacadista de produtos de higiene pessoal I Não 4% 46.47-8/01 Comércio atacadista de artigos de escritório e de papelaria I Não 4% 46.47-8/02 Comércio atacadista de livros, jornais e outras publicações I Não 4% 46.49-4/01 Comércio atacadista de equipamentos elétricos de uso pessoal e doméstico I Não 4% 46.49-4/02 Comércio atacadista de aparelhos eletrônicos de uso pessoal e doméstico I Não 4% 46.49-4/03 Comércio atacadista de bicicletas, triciclos e outros veículos recreativos I Não 4% 46.49-4/04 Comércio atacadista de móveis e artigos de colchoaria I Não 4% 46.49-4/05 Comércio atacadista de artigos de tapeçaria persianas e cortinas I Não 4% 46.49-4/06 Comércio atacadista de lustres, luminárias e abajures I Não 4% 46.49-4/07 Comércio atacadista de filmes, cds, dvds, fitas e discos I Não 4% 46.49-4/08 Comércio atacadista de produtos de higiene, limpeza e conservação domiciliar I Não 4% 46.49-4/09 Comércio atacadista de produtos de higiene, limpeza e conservação domiciliar, com atividade de fracionamento e acondicionamento associada I Não 4% 46.49-4/10 Comércio atacadista de jóias, relógios e bijuterias, inclusive pedras preciosas e semipreciosas lapidadas I Não 4% 46.49-4/99 Comércio atacadista de outros equipamentos e artigos de uso pessoal e doméstico não especificados anteriormente I Não 4% 46.51-6/01 Comércio atacadista de equipamentos de informática I Não 4% 46.51-6/02 Comércio atacadista de suprimentos para informática I Não 4% 46.52-4/00 Comércio atacadista de componentes eletrônicos e equipamentos de telefonia e comunicação I Não 4% 46.79-6/03 Comércio atacadista de vidros, espelhos e vitrais I Não 4% 46.86-9/02 Comércio atacadista de embalagens I Não 4% 46.91-5/00 Comércio atacadista de mercadorias em geral, com predominância de produtos alimentícios I Não 4% 46.93-1/00 Comércio atacadista de mercadorias em geral, sem predominância de alimentos ou de insumos agropecuários I Não 4% 47.11-3/01 Comércio varejista de mercadorias em geral, com predominância de produtos alimentícios – hipermercados I Não 4% 47.11-3/02 Comércio varejista de mercadorias em geral, com predominância de produtos alimentícios – supermercados I Não 4% 47.12-1/00 Comércio varejista de mercadorias em geral, com predominância de produtos alimentícios – minimercados, mercearias e armazéns I Não 4% 47.13-0/02 Lojas de variedades, exceto lojas de departamentos ou magazines I Não 4% 47.13-0/04 Lojas de departamentos ou magazines, exceto lojas francas (duty free) I Não 4% 47.21-1/02 Padaria e confeitaria com predominância de revenda I Não 4% 47.21-1/03 Comércio varejista de laticínios e frios I Não 4% 47.21-1/04 Comércio varejista de doces, balas, bombons e semelhantes I Não 4% 47.23-7/00 Comércio varejista de bebidas I Não 4% 47.24-5/00 Comércio varejista de hortifrutigranjeiros I Não 4% 47.29-6/01 Tabacaria I Não 4% 47.29-6/99 Comércio varejista de produtos alimentícios em geral ou especializado em produtos alimentícios não especificados anteriormente I Não 4% 47.43-1/00 Comércio varejista de vidros I Não 4% 47.44-0/02 Comércio varejista de madeira e artefatos I Não 4% 47.51-2/01 Comércio varejista especializado de equipamentos e suprimentos de informática I Não 4% 47.51-2/02 Recarga de cartuchos para equipamentos de informática III Não 6% 47.52-1/00 Comércio varejista especializado de equipamentos de telefonia e comunicação I Não 4% 47.53-9/00 Comércio varejista especializado de eletrodomésticos e equipamentos de áudio e vídeo I Não 4% 47.54-7/01 Comércio varejista de móveis I Não 4% 47.54-7/02 Comércio varejista de artigos de colchoaria I Não 4% 47.54-7/03 Comércio varejista de artigos de iluminação I Não 4% 47.55-5/01 Comércio varejista de tecidos I Não 4% 47.55-5/02 Comércio varejista de artigos de armarinho I Não 4% 47.55-5/03 Comércio varejista de artigos de cama, mesa e banho I Não 4% 47.56-3/00 Comércio varejista especializado de instrumentos musicais e acessórios I Não 4% 47.57-1/00 Comércio varejista especializado de peças e acessórios para aparelhos eletroeletrônicos para uso doméstico, exceto informática e comunicação I Não 4% 47.59-8/01 Comércio varejista de artigos de tapeçaria, cortinas e persianas I Não 4% 47.59-8/99 Comércio varejista de outros artigos de uso doméstico não especificados anteriormente I Não 4% 47.61-0/01 Comércio varejista de livros I Não 4% 47.61-0/02 Comércio varejista de jornais e revistas I Não 4% 47.61-0/03 Comércio varejista de artigos de papelaria I Não 4% 47.62-8/00 Comércio varejista de discos, cds, dvds e fitas I Não 4% 47.63-6/01 Comércio varejista de brinquedos e artigos recreativos I Não 4% 47.63-6/02 Comércio varejista de artigos esportivos I Não 4% 47.63-6/03 Comércio varejista de bicicletas e triciclos peças e acessórios I Não 4% 47.63-6/04 Comércio varejista de artigos de caça, pesca e camping I Não 4% 47.72-5/00 Comércio varejista de cosméticos, produtos de perfumaria e de higiene pessoal I Não 4% 47.74-1/00 Comércio varejista de artigos de óptica I Não 4% 47.81-4/00 Comércio varejista de artigos do vestuário e acessórios I Não 4% 47.82-2/01 Comércio varejista de calçados I Não 4% 47.82-2/02 Comércio varejista de artigos de viagem I Não 4% 47.83-1/02 Comércio varejista de artigos de relojoaria I Não 4% 47.85-7/01 Comércio varejista de antigüidades I Não 4% 47.85-7/99 Comércio varejista de outros artigos usados I Não 4% 47.89-0/01 Comércio varejista de suvenires, bijuterias e artesanatos I Não 4% 47.89-0/02 Comércio varejista de plantas e flores naturais I Não 4% 47.89-0/03 Comércio varejista de objetos de arte I Não 4% 47.89-0/07 Comércio varejista de equipamentos para escritório I Não 4% 47.89-0/08 Comércio varejista de artigos fotográficos e para filmagem I Não 4% 47.89-0/99 Comércio varejista de outros produtos não especificados anteriormente I Não 4% 56.11-2/01 Restaurantes e similares I Não 4% 56.11-2/03 Lanchonetes, casas de chá, de sucos e similares I Não 4% 56.11-2/04 Bares e outros estabelecimentos especializados em servir bebidas, sem entretenimento I Não 4% 56.20-1/01 Fornecimento de alimentos preparados preponderantemente para empresas I Não 4% 56.20-1/03 Cantinas – serviços de alimentação privativos I Não 4% 56.20-1/04 Fornecimento de alimentos preparados preponderantemente para consumo domiciliar I Não 4% 59.11-1/01 Estúdios cinematográficos III Não 6% 59.11-1/02 Produção de filmes para publicidade III Não 6% 59.11-1/99 Atividades de produção cinematográfica, de vídeos e de programas de televisão não especificadas anteriormente III Não 6% 59.12-0/01 Serviços de dublagem III Não 6% 59.12-0/02 Serviços de mixagem sonora em produção audiovisual III Não 6% 59.12-0/99 Atividades de pós-produção cinematográfica, de vídeos e de programas de televisão não especificadas anteriormente III Não 6% 59.13-8/00 Distribuição cinematográfica, de vídeo e de programas de televisão III Não 6% 59.14-6/00 Atividades de exibição cinematográfica III Não 6% 59.20-1/00 Atividades de gravação de som e de edição de música III Não 6% 62.01-5/01 Desenvolvimento de programas de computador sob encomenda V Sim 15.5% 62.01-5/01 Desenvolvimento de programas de computador sob encomenda III Sim 6% 62.01-5/02 Web design V Sim 15.5% 62.01-5/02 Web design III Sim 6% 62.02-3/00 Desenvolvimento e licenciamento de programas de computador customizáveis V Sim 15.5% 62.02-3/00 Desenvolvimento e licenciamento de programas de computador customizáveis III Sim 6% 62.03-1/00 Desenvolvimento e licenciamento de programas de computador não-customizáveis V Sim 15.5% 62.03-1/00 Desenvolvimento e licenciamento de programas de computador não-customizáveis III Sim 6% 62.04-0/00 Consultoria em tecnologia da informação V Sim 15.5% 62.09-1/00 Suporte técnico, manutenção e outros serviços em tecnologia da informação V Sim 15.5% 62.09-1/00 Suporte técnico, manutenção e outros serviços em tecnologia da informação III Sim 6% 63.11-9/00 Tratamento de dados, provedores de serviços de aplicação e serviços de hospedagem na internet V Sim 15.5% 63.11-9/00 Tratamento de dados, provedores de serviços de aplicação e serviços de hospedagem na internet III Sim 6% 63.19-4/00 Portais, provedores de conteúdo e outros serviços de informação na internet V Sim 15.5% 63.19-4/00 Portais, provedores de conteúdo e outros serviços de informação na internet III Sim 6% 63.91-7/00 Agências de notícias III Não 6% 63.99-2/00 Outras atividades de prestação de serviços de informação não especificadas anteriormente III Não 6% 66.19-3/02 Correspondentes de instituições financeiras III Não 6% 66.21-5/01 Peritos e avaliadores de seguros V Sim 15.5% 66.21-5/02 Auditoria e consultoria atuarial V Sim 15.5% 66.22-3/00 Corretores e agentes de seguros, de planos de previdência complementar e de saúde III Não 6% 66.29-1/00 Atividades auxiliares dos seguros, da previdência complementar e dos planos de saúde não especificadas anteriormente III Não 6% 68.21-8/01 Corretagem na compra e venda e avaliação de imóveis III Não 6% 68.21-8/02 Corretagem no aluguel de imóveis III Não 6% 69.11-7/01 Serviços advocatícios IV Não 4.5% 69.11-7/03 Agente de propriedade industrial V Sim 15.5% 70.20-4/00 Atividades de consultoria em gestão empresarial, exceto consultoria técnica específica V Sim 15.5% 71.11-1/00 Serviços de arquitetura III Sim 6% 71.12-0/00 Serviços de engenharia V Sim 15.5% 71.19-7/01 Serviços de cartografia, topografia e geodésia V Sim 15.5% 71.19-7/02 Atividades de estudos geológicos V Sim 15.5% 71.19-7/03 Serviços de desenho técnico relacionados à arquitetura e engenharia V Sim 15.5% 71.19-7/04 Serviços de perícia técnica relacionados à segurança do trabalho V Sim 15.5% 71.19-7/99 Atividades técnicas relacionadas à engenharia e arquitetura não especificadas anteriormente V Sim 15.5% 71.20-1/00 Testes e análises técnicas V Sim 15.5% 72.10-0/00 Pesquisa e desenvolvimento experimental em ciências físicas e naturais V Sim 15.5% 72.20-7/00 Pesquisa e desenvolvimento experimental em ciências sociais e humanas V Sim 15.5% 73.11-4/00 Agências de publicidade V Sim 15.5% 73.12-2/00 Agenciamento de espaços para publicidade, exceto em veículos de comunicação III Não 6% 73.19-0/01 Criação de estandes para feiras e exposições V Sim 15.5% 73.19-0/02 Promoção de vendas III Não 6% 73.19-0/03 Marketing direto III Não 6% 73.19-0/04 Consultoria em publicidade V Sim 15.5% 73.19-0/99 Outras atividades de publicidade não especificadas anteriormente III Não 6% 73.20-3/00 Pesquisas de mercado e de opinião pública V Sim 15.5% 74.10-2/02 Design de interiores V Sim 15.5% 74.10-2/02 Design de interiores IV Sim 4.5% 74.10-2/03 Design de produto V Sim 15.5% 74.10-2/99 Atividades de design não especificadas anteriormente V Sim 15.5% 74.20-0/01 Atividades de produção de fotografias, exceto aérea e submarina III Não 6% 74.20-0/02 Atividades de produção de fotografias aéreas e submarinas III Não 6% 74.20-0/03 Laboratórios fotográficos III Não 6% 74.20-0/04 Filmagem de festas e eventos III Não 6% 74.20-0/05 Serviços de microfilmagem III Não 6% 74.90-1/01 Serviços de tradução, interpretação e similares V Sim 15.5% 74.90-1/02 Escafandria e mergulho III Não 6% 74.90-1/03 Serviços de agronomia e de consultoria às atividades agrícolas e pecuárias V Sim 15.5% 74.90-1/04 Atividades de intermediação e agenciamento de serviços e negócios em geral, exceto imobiliários V Sim 15.5% 74.90-1/05 Agenciamento de profissionais para atividades esportivas, culturais e artísticas V Sim 15.5% 74.90-1/99 Outras atividades profissionais, científicas e técnicas não especificadas anteriormente V Sim 15.5% 75.00-1/00 Atividades veterinárias V Sim 15.5% 77.21-7/00 Aluguel de equipamentos recreativos e esportivos III Não 6% 77.22-5/00 Aluguel de fitas de vídeo, dvds e similares III Não 6% 77.23-3/00 Aluguel de objetos do vestuário, jóias e acessórios III Não 6% 77.29-2/01 Aluguel de aparelhos de jogos eletrônicos III Não 6% 77.29-2/02 Aluguel de móveis, utensílios e aparelhos de uso doméstico e pessoal; instrumentos musicais III Não 6% 77.29-2/03 Aluguel de material médico III Não 6% 77.29-2/99 Aluguel de outros objetos pessoais e domésticos não especificados anteriormente III Não 6% 77.31-4/00 Aluguel de máquinas e equipamentos agrícolas sem operador III Não 6% 77.32-2/01 Aluguel de máquinas e equipamentos para construção sem operador, exceto andaimes III Não 6% 77.32-2/02 Aluguel de andaimes III Não 6% In Summary CNAE stands for National Classification of Economic Activities For the government, the objective of the CNAE is to improve tax management and control possible fraudulent actions related to the payment of taxes For companies, CNAE guarantees the correct payment of taxes, the possibility of payroll exemption, the right tax and union structure, also, for small companies to be included in the Simplified tax regimes, and it is mandatory even for self-employed professionals and non-profit organizations All legal entities must have their CNAE defined, this code being essential to obtain the Company ID Choosing a CNAE that differs from the activity carried out may cause the company to be considered irregular, lose tax incentives, not obtain an operating license and is even liable to pay fines The support and guidance of an accountant is very important for a company's CNAE to be defined correctly Tax Regimes The tax regime is what determines which taxes will be paid by a company and how it will be done. There are 3 tax regimes: Actual profit, Presumed profit and Simplified. Actual Profit The Real Profit is a tax regime in which the direct taxes are calculated based on the effective profit that the business had within the calculation period. That means, the greater the profitability, the greater the amount of taxes to be paid. However, the opposite is also valid, that is, if there is no profit, or the company has a loss, it is exempt from paying taxes for that period. Which companies can opt for Profit Real? Profit Real can be the tax option of any company. However, businesses with revenues above $78 million (BRL) in the calendar year or the previous year are required to be classified as Actual Profit. Presumed Profit The calculation of this tax regime is based on a fixed tax table, provided by authorities, for the direct taxes collection. Sale of goods or products: 8% Industrialization: 8% Rural Activity: 8% Transport services: 16% Provision of services: 32% And so on ... Which companies can opt for Presumed Profit? Presumed Profit can also be used by any company, as long as they do not exceed $78 million (BRL) in annual revenue or cannot be listed as mandatory for Actual Profit. Simplified Simplified is a tax regime created with the objective of assisting Small Businesses. The main purpose of this tax regime is to facilitate the collection of taxes by these entrepreneurs. As a result, all taxes under this regime are calculated according progressive table, provided by authorities, and collected a monthly single payment. Which companies can opt for Simplified? In order to qualify for Simplified, the company must comply with certain rules, which are: Small business only Annual revenue of up to $4,8 million (BRL) Activity qualified as Simplified by authorities And so on ... SPED (e-Reporting) SPED stands for Sistema Publico de Escrituracao Digital (in Portuguese) or Public System of Digital bookkeeping (in English). It is an e-Reporting to standardize and simplify the fiscal and accounting reports, with objective to replace paper-based reports. There are several SPEDs to be delivery to the Brazilian authorities, and they are mandatory. They are classified as: ECD | Digital Accounting Bookkeeping EFD | Digital Fiscal Bookkeeping ECF | Tax Accounting Bookkeeping The most important SPEDs are: SPED ECD Accounting | Annually | Reporting the entire balance sheet and P&L SPED EFD Fiscal | Monthly | Reporting amount owed of ICMS (Goods and Services Tax) and IPI (Tax on Industrialized Products) SPED EFD Contributions | Monthly | Reporting amount owed of PIS (Social Integration Program) and COFINS (Contribution to Social Security Financing) SPED ECF Tax Accounting | Annually | Reporting amount owed of IRPJ (Corporate Income Tax) and CSLL (Social Contribution on Net Profit) You can see in the table below some examples of the blocks and registers that should contain the SPED flat file. SPED Block Register Description Bookkeeping Type G Bookkeeping Type R Bookkeeping Type B ECD 0 Opening of the File, Identification, and References ECD 0 0000 Register 0000: Opening of digital file/entity identification Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD 0 0001 Register 0001: Block 0 Opening Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD 0 0007 Register 0007: Other Entity's Subscriptions Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD 0 0020 Register 0020: Decentralized Accounting Bookkeeping Optional Optional Optional ECD 0 0150 Register 0150: Participant Register Table Optional Optional Not Applicable ECD 0 0180 Register 0180: Identification of Related Participant Mandatory (Dependent) Mandatory (Dependent) Not Applicable ECD 0 0990 Register 0990: Block 0 Closing Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD I Details of Accounting Postings ECD I I001 Register I001 – Block I Opening Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD I I010 Register I010 – Bookkeeping Identification Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD I I012 Register I012 – Subsidiary Journal Not Applicable Mandatory Optional ECD I I015 Register I015 – Account Identification of Summary Bookkeeping that Refers to the Auxiliary Bookkeeping Not Applicable Mandatory Optional ECD I I020 Register I020 – Additional Fields Optional Optional Optional ECD I I030 Register I030 – Journal Opening Term Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD I I050 Register I050 – Chart of Accounts Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD I I051 Register I051 – Referential Chart of Accounts Optional Optional Optional ECD I I052 Register I052 – Identification of Agglutination Codes Optional Optional Optional ECD I I075 Register I075 – Table for Standard History Optional Optional Not Applicable ECD I I100 Register I100 – Cost Center Optional Optional Optional ECD I I150 Register I150 – Periodic Balances, Period Identification Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD I I151 Register I151 – Digital signature of the files that have "Fichas de Lancamentos" used in the period Not Applicable Not Applicable Optional ECD I I155 Register I155 – Periodic Balances Details Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD I I200 Register I200 – Accounting Postings Mandatory Mandatory Not Applicable ECD I I250 Register I250 – Posting Entries Mandatory Mandatory Not Applicable ECD I I300 Register I300 – Daily Trial Balances – Date Identification Not Applicable Not Applicable Mandatory ECD I I310 Register I310 – Details of Daily Trial Balances Not Applicable Not Applicable Mandatory ECD I I350 Register I350 – Balance of Profit & Loss Account – Before the Closing Period Optional Optional Optional ECD I I355 Register I355 – Details of Account's Balances before Financial Year Closing Mandatory (Dependent) Mandatory (Dependent) Mandatory (Dependent) ECD I I500 Register I500 – Parameters do Print and Display the Auxiliary Ledger with Flexible Layout Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable ECD I I510 Register I510 – Definition of Fields for Auxiliary Ledger Book with Flexible Layout Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable ECD I I550 Register I550 – Details of Auxiliary Ledger with Flexible Layout Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable ECD I I555 Register I555 – Totals in Auxiliary Ledger Book Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable ECD I I990 Register I990 – Block I Closure Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD J Accounting Statements ECD J J001 Register J001: Block J Opening Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD J J005 Register J005: Accounting Statement Optional Optional Optional ECD J J100 Register J100: Balance Sheet Optional Optional Optional ECD J J150 Register J150: Profit & Loss Statement Optional Optional Optional ECD J J800 Register J800: Other Information Optional Optional Optional ECD J J900 Register J900: Closure Statement Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD J J930 Register J930: Identification of Bookkeeping Signatory Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD J J990 Register J990: Block J Closure Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD 9 Closing of the File ECD 9 9001 Register 9001: Block 9 Opening Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD 9 9900 Register 9900: File Registers Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD 9 9990 Register 9990: Block 9 Closing Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD 9 9999 Register 9999: Digital File Closing Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory Brazilian Tax Reform (New Brazilian VAT) The tax reform will replace all consumption taxes with a VAT value-added tax, paid by the final consumer, charged non-cumulatively at all stages of the production chain. The five current consumption taxes – IPI, PIS, Cofins, ICMS and ISS – are replaced by two consumption taxes (IBS and CBS) and a Selective Tax (IS). IBS - Tax on Goods and Services / CBS - Conbribution on Goods and Services In both proposals, IBS and CBS have the following characteristics: They are charged on all operations with tangible or intangible goods and services They are charged at all stages of the production chain, giving the right to credit for the previously paid tax (non-cumulative) They are not charged on exports They are charged on imports They adopt the principle of destination (rate and collection linked to the place of consumption) Provide for a single rate for all goods and services consumed in each location Due to the particularities of certain sectors, differentiated taxation regimes are foreseen for: Financial services, real estate, fuel, public sector procurement, health care plans, and prediction contests Real estate, fuel, public sector acquisitions, tobacco products and financial intermediation There are plans for special treatments to reduce the impact of changing the model: 50% reduction of IBS and CBS rates for: urban, semi-urban or metropolitan public transport services; medicines; medical devices and healthcare services; education services; agricultural, fishing, forestry and plant extractive products in natura; agricultural inputs, food intended for human consumption and personal hygiene products national artistic and cultural activities exempt public urban, semi-urban or metropolitan transport services; reduce by 100% the rate of CBS and IBS levied on medications; reduce by 100% the CBS rate levied on higher education education services (PROUNI) and, until 12/28/2027, on services benefited by the Emergency Program for the Resumption of the Events Sector (Perse) Complementary law will define the sectors that will have differentiated treatment; Provide for the maintenance of the global tax burden on consumption Makes taxation on consumption less unfair, as they adopt the possibility of refunding the tax (cashback). In this way, the granting of tax benefits is focused on those who need it most, in contrast to the option for exemptions by type of merchandise. Preserve Simples Nacional and the favored treatment of the Manaus Free Zone Maintain constitutional bonds and divisions, such as Health and Education Contain transitional rules, shorter for society in general (taxation regime) and longer and smoother for sharing with states and municipalities (sharing system) IS - Selective Tax The Selective Tax will be charged to discourage the consumption of harmful goods and services to Health and the Environment, such as alcoholic beverages, cigarettes and pollutants.

Before starting any negotiation with new UK business partners, it is always recommended to be safe and do some background checks on the company. You can do that thanks to Companies House. Business in United Kingdom UK Limited Company Public Information Checking UK VAT Number FSCS Financial Services Compensation Scheme ICO Information Commissioner’s Office UK Foreign Travel Advice UK Limited Company Public Information Before starting any negotiation with new UK business partners, it is always recommended to be safe and do some background checks on the company. You can do that thanks to Companies House. Companies House is an executive agency, sponsored by the DBT (Department for Business and Trade). They incorporate and dissolve limited companies, registering their information and make it available to the public. Path : https://www.gov.uk/get-information-about-a-company Get Information About a Company You can get details about a company for free, including: company information, for example registered address and date of incorporation current and resigned officers document images mortgage charge data previous company names insolvency information You just need to access the link above and click the green "Start " bottom. https://www.gov.uk/get-information-about-a-company Search the Register You can find a company using one of these information: Company Name Company Number Officer Name https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/ Current features include File abridged or full accounts Change a registered office address View company data and document images Search for disqualified directors Order certificates and certified documents Follow companies Infomation Available Overview Filling History People (e.g., Director, Secretary) Charges More The Filing History can be Filter by Categories: Accounts Capital Charges Confirmation Statements / Annual Returns Incorporation Officers Incorporation In the filing history, filtered by incorporation, it is possible to check all incorporation information, like: Share Capital Share Capital You can see in the example the company was incorporated with a share capital of £10K pounds. Accounts In the filing history, filtered by accounts, it is possible to check all the accounts, like: Balance Sheet Profit and Loss Cash Flow Many other Information Balance Sheet This is a example of balance sheet filed, showing: Fixed Assets Tangible Assets Current Assets Debitors Due < 1 Year Debitors Due > 1 Year Cash at the Bank and In Hand Creditors Due < 1 Year Net Current Assets Total Assets Less Current Liability Provisions for Liabilities Deferred Tax Liability Net Assets Capital and Reservers Called Up Share Capital Profit and Loss Reserves Total Equity Other Useful Tools Company name availability : https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company-name-availability Alphabetical company search: https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/alphabetical-search Dissolved company search: https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/dissolved-search Bankruptcy, Insolvency and Disqualified Company Directors Search the bankruptcy and insolvency register: https://www.gov.uk/search-bankruptcy-insolvency-register Search for disqualified company directors: https://www.gov.uk/search-the-register -of-disqualified-company-directors Checking UK VAT Number You can also verify the UK VAT Number provided by your vendors and customer. Path : https://www.gov.uk/check-uk-vat-number VAT Number Just inform the VAT Number and click "Search". VAT is a 9 or 12 digit number, sometimes starting with GB. Valid UK VAT Number You will be able to see the valid number information, registered business name and the registered business address. FSCS Financial Services Compensation Sc heme The FSCS is the UK's statutory compensation scheme for customers of UK authorised financial services firms. This means that FSCS can step in to pay compensation if a firm is unable, or likely to be unable, to pay claims against it. Before you invest or deposit money in a institution, check in the FSCS Check, if the institution is a authorized firm and it is cover by FSCS. Path : https://www.fscs.org.uk/check/ Step by Step Access the FSCS Checker page Choose what you want to check, in the picture it was choose Banks Inform the name of the institution and select the right one. Informe the amount that you are planning to deposit, in this example, it was £100,000.00 And click in "Check Now" And the FSCS will show you how much you are protect. That means the limit of their coverage for that kind of institution, and how much is not. In this case £15,000.00 is at risk. And the reason why. In this case Banks in UK are protect up to £85,000.00 ICO Information Commissioner’s Office The Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) is the UK's independent regulator for data protection and information rights. ICO Data Protection fee is mandatory for most businesses, organizations, and sole traders that process personal data: Who needs to pay : You must pay the fee if you're a business, organization, or sole trader that processes personal data electronically When to pay : You must pay the fee unless you're exempt What the fee funds : The fee funds the ICO's work What the fee shows : Paying the fee shows that you take data protection seriously and value your customers' information What the fee amount is : The amount you pay depends on the size of your organization. Most companies pay £40 or £60 per year, while large organizations pay £2,900 What happens if you don't pay : If you need to pay and don't, you could be fined Purpose The ICO's mission is to uphold information rights for the public in the digital age. They do this by: Educating organizations on how to use personal data Taking action against organizations that don't comply with the law Helping individuals understand and exercise their rights Working with other regulators to improve information rights standards Services The ICO offers guidance and resources for organizations, including: Public bodies Private and third sector organizations Sole traders For the public The ICO provides information about data protection and information rights, including: How to make a SAR (Subject Access request is a right that allows individuals to request a copy of their personal data, or to understand how and why their data is being used) How to make an FOI request (The Freedom of Information Act gives the public the right to request recorded information from public authorities) Domestic CCTV and data protection Protecting yourself against nuisance marketing Register of data protection fee payers : https://ico.org.uk/ESDWebPages/Search Register of Data Protection You can search for: Registration Reference Name Address Postcode And you can see if the company is paying the fee for the ICO ICO ICO Search ICO ICO Entry List ICO ICO Search 1/2 UK Foreign T rave l Advice Get advice about travelling abroad, including the latest information on coronavirus, safety and security, entry requirements and travel warnings, direct from HMRC. There are some important contents, like : Summary Coronavirus Safety and security (Important! Check it before traveling ) Crime Pickpocketing Robbery Vehicle Crime Sexual Offences Fraud Protests Civil Unrest Others Terrorism Local laws and customs Entry requirements Health Natural disasters Money Travel advice help and support Country Link Afghanistan https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/afghanistan Albania https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/albania Algeria https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/algeria Andorra https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/andorra Angola https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/angola Anguilla https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/anguilla Antarctica/British Antarctic Territory https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/antarctica-british-antarctic-territory Antigua and Barbuda https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/antigua-and-barbuda Argentina https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/argentina Armenia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/armenia Aruba https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/aruba Australia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/australia Austria https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/austria Azerbaijan https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/azerbaijan Bahamas https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/bahamas Bahrain https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/bahrain Bangladesh https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/bangladesh Barbados https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/barbados Belarus https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/belarus Belgium https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/belgium Belize https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/belize Benin https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/benin Bermuda https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/bermuda Bhutan https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/bhutan Bolivia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/bolivia Bonaire/St Eustatius/Saba https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/bonaire-st-eustatius-saba Bosnia and Herzegovina https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/bosnia-and-herzegovina Botswana https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/botswana Brazil https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/brazil British Indian Ocean Territory https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/british-indian-ocean-territory British Virgin Islands https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/british-virgin-islands Brunei https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/brunei Bulgaria https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/bulgaria Burkina Faso https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/burkina-faso Burundi https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/burundi Cambodia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/cambodia Cameroon https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/cameroon Canada https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/canada Cape Verde https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/cape-verde Cayman Islands https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/cayman-islands Central African Republic https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/central-african-republic Chad https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/chad Chile https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/chile China https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/china Colombia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/colombia Comoros https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/comoros Congo https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/congo Cook Islands, Tokelau and Niue https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/cook-islands-tokelau-and-niue Costa Rica https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/costa-rica Côte d'Ivoire https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/cote-d-ivoire Croatia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/croatia Cuba https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/cuba Curaçao https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/curaçao Cyprus https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/cyprus Czech Republic https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/czech-republic Democratic Republic of the Congo https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/democratic-republic-of-the-congo Denmark https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/denmark Djibouti https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/djibouti Dominica https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/dominica Dominican Republic https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/dominican-republic Ecuador https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/ecuador Egypt https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/egypt El Salvador https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/el-salvador Equatorial Guinea https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/equatorial-guinea Eritrea https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/eritrea Estonia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/estonia Eswatini https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/eswatini Ethiopia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/ethiopia Falkland Islands https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/falkland-islands Fiji https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/fiji Finland https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/finland France https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/france French Guiana https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/french-guiana French Polynesia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/french-polynesia Gabon https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/gabon The Gambia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/the-gambia Georgia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/georgia Germany https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/germany Ghana https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/ghana Gibraltar https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/gibraltar Greece https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/greece Grenada https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/grenada Guadeloupe https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/guadeloupe Guatemala https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/guatemala Guinea https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/guinea Guinea-Bissau https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/guinea-bissau Guyana https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/guyana Haiti https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/haiti Honduras https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/honduras Hong Kong https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/hong-kong Hungary https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/hungary Iceland https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/iceland India https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/india Indonesia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/indonesia Iran https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/iran Iraq https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/iraq Ireland https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/ireland Israel https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/israel Italy https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/italy Jamaica https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/jamaica Japan https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/japan Jordan https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/jordan Kazakhstan https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/kazakhstan Kenya https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/kenya Kiribati https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/kiribati Kosovo https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/kosovo Kuwait https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/kuwait Kyrgyzstan https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/kyrgyzstan Laos https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/laos Latvia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/latvia Lebanon https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/lebanon Lesotho https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/lesotho Liberia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/liberia Libya https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/libya Liechtenstein https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/liechtenstein Lithuania https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/lithuania Luxembourg https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/luxembourg Macao https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/macao Madagascar https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/madagascar Malawi https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/malawi Malaysia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/malaysia Maldives https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/maldives Mali https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/mali Malta https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/malta Marshall Islands https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/marshall-islands Martinique https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/martinique Mauritania https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/mauritania Mauritius https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/mauritius Mayotte https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/mayotte Mexico https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/mexico Micronesia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/micronesia Moldova https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/moldova Monaco https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/monaco Mongolia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/mongolia Montenegro https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/montenegro Montserrat https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/montserrat Morocco https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/morocco Mozambique https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/mozambique Myanmar (Burma) https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/myanmar Namibia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/namibia Nauru https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/nauru Nepal https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/nepal Netherlands https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/netherlands New Caledonia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/new-caledonia New Zealand https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/new-zealand Nicaragua https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/nicaragua Niger https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/niger Nigeria https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/nigeria North Korea https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/north-korea North Macedonia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/north-macedonia Norway https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/norway Oman https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/oman Pakistan https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/pakistan Palau https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/palau The Occupied Palestinian Territories https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/the-occupied-palestinian-territories Panama https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/panama Papua New Guinea https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/papua-new-guinea Paraguay https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/paraguay Peru https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/peru Philippines https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/philippines Pitcairn Island https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/pitcairn-island Poland https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/poland Portugal https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/portugal Qatar https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/qatar Réunion https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/reunion Romania https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/romania Russia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/russia Rwanda https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/rwanda Samoa https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/samoa San Marino https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/san-marino São Tomé and Principe https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/sao-tome-and-principe Saudi Arabia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/saudi-arabia Senegal https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/senegal Serbia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/serbia Seychelles https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/seychelles Sierra Leone https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/sierra-leone Singapore https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/singapore Slovakia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/slovakia Slovenia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/slovenia Solomon Islands https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/solomon-islands Somalia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/somalia South Africa https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/south-africa South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/south-georgia-and-the-south-sandwich-islands South Korea https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/south-korea South Sudan https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/south-sudan Spain https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/spain Sri Lanka https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/sri-lanka St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/st-helena-ascension-and-tristan-da-cunha St Kitts and Nevis https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/st-kitts-and-nevis St Lucia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/st-lucia St Maarten https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/st-maarten St Martin and St Barthélemy https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/st-martin-and-st-barthelemy St Pierre & Miquelon https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/st-pierre-and-miquelon St Vincent and the Grenadines https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/st-vincent-and-the-grenadines Sudan https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/sudan Suriname https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/suriname Sweden https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/sweden Switzerland https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/switzerland Syria https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/syria Taiwan https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/taiwan Hint : You can subscribe to HMRC travel advice updates by clicking on "Get Email Alerts". References: HM Revenue & Customs (www.gov.uk ); Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.org ); FSCS (www.fscs.org.uk ); ICO (https://ico.org.uk)

A method is a structured procedure for bringing about a certain goal, like acquiring knowledge or verifying knowledge claims. This normally involves various steps, like choosing a sample, collecting data from this sample, and interpreting the data. Methodologies In its most common sense, methodology is the study of research methods. However, the term can also refer to the methods themselves or to the philosophical discussion of associated background assumptions. A method is a structured procedure for bringing about a certain goal, like acquiring knowledge or verifying knowledge claims. This normally involves various steps, like choosing a sample, collecting data from this sample, and interpreting the data. The study of methods concerns a detailed description and analysis of these processes. It includes evaluative aspects by comparing different methods. This way, it is assessed what advantages and disadvantages they have and for what research goals they may be used. These descriptions and evaluations depend on philosophical background assumptions. Examples are how to conceptualize the studied phenomena and what constitutes evidence for or against them. When understood in the widest sense, methodology also includes the discussion of these more abstract issues. Methodologies to Save Time Eat The Frog The idea is that you identify one challenging task (the frog) and complete the task first thing in the morning (eating it). To put it simply, eating the frog is the process of identifying your most difficult task of the day and completing it before you do any other work. 3-3-3 Method 3 Hours Deep Work: Most critical and important things 3 Hours Shorter Tasks: Urgent tasks that you've been avoiding but need to be completed 3 Hours Maintenance Tasks: Activities to keep life in order Warren Buffett's 5/25 Rule Identify the top 25 important tasks Prioritize them by importance Only focus on the top 5 tasks Ignore the remaining 20 tasks 80/20 Rule (Pareto Principle) The 80/20 rule maintains that 80% of outcomes comes from 20% of causes. The 80/20 rule prioritizes the 20% of factors that will produce the best results. A principle of the 80/20 rule is to identify an entity's best assets and use them efficiently to create maximum value. Identify the vital 20% that will produce the best results That 20% will eliminate or reduce the trivial 80% Pomodoro Technique Decide Task Set timer 25 minutes Stop when timer goes off Take 5 minutes break After 4 cycles take 15-30 minutes break ABCDE Method Categorize tasks and execute by importance A - Most Important B - Important C - Nice To Do D - Delegate E - Eliminate MSCW Method Must-Have: Critical for project success Should-Have: Important but not critical Could-Have: Desirable, if time and resource Won't-Have: Deferred for future phases Pickle Jar Method (Glass Jar) The idea is that you should always start with your rocks (high-priority tasks), followed by your pebbles (medium-priority tasks), and then your sand (low-priority tasks). Finish off by filling the jar with water (“off” time). Do major tasks first Slot in minor tasks around the major ones Continuously assess and reprioritized tasks 1-3-5 Method The 1-3-5 Rule is a structured technique by which you can categorize your tasks into a to-do list that is proven to increase productivity. This rule asks you to accomplish 1 big mission, 3 medium tasks, and 5 small things. 1 Major Task 3 Medium Tasks 5 Small Tasks Eisenhower Matrix The Eisenhower Matrix is also known as the time management matrix, the Eisenhower Box, and the urgent-important matrix. This tool helps you divide your tasks into four categories: the tasks you'll do first, the tasks you'll schedule for later, the tasks you'll delegate, and the tasks you'll delete. Important /Urgent: Do - Tasks with clear deadlines and significance consequences if not completed in a timely fashion Important /Not Urgent: Schedule - Tasks with no set deadline but that bring you closer to your long-term goals Not Important / Urgent: Delegate - Tasks that need to get done, but don't need your expertise in order to be completed Not Important / Not Urgent: Delete - Tasks that distract you from your preferred course, and don't add any measurable value Getting Things Done Method (GTD) GTD method operates with the belief that the more information you're mentally keeping track of, the less productive and focused you are. Instead of relying on your brain, the GTD methodology encourages you to store all of your work information in an external, organized source of truth. Capture Tasks Clarify Their Meaning Organize Them Into Lists Reflect On Progress Engage With Action 2-Minute Rule The 2-Minute Rule was created to help reducing procrastination by enabling you to tackle small tasks that often get overlooked. If task is less than 2 minutes do it now If task is greater than 2 minutes delegate or defer Task Batching Technique Task batching is a productivity strategy that involves grouping similar tasks together to complete all at once. This technique can help you avoid multitasking and increase the amount of time you have to focus on tasks. Sort Similar Tasks Block Deliciated Time Do Tasks In Batches Time Batching Technique Time blocking is a time management technique where you schedule how you'll spend each day, one block at a time. For every task you need to complete, decide how much time (roughly) it'll take, and add that amount of time to your calendar. 08:00am - 11:00am: Deep Work (Your most important tasks) 11:00am - 11:30am: Quick Tasks (Emails, phone calls, etc) 11:30am - 12:30pm: Break (eat, exercise, relax) 12:30pm - 02:00pm: Important Tasks (Projects, planning, etc) 02:00pm - 04:00pm: Meetings (one-on-ones, follow ups) Agile Methodology The Agile methodology is a project management approach that involves breaking the project into phases and emphasizes continuous collaboration and improvement. Teams follow a cycle of planning, executing, and evaluating. Kanban

The stock market is a component of a free-market economy. It allows companies to raise money by offering stock shares and corporate bonds and allows investors to participate in the financial achievements of the companies, make profits through capital gains, and earn income through dividends. Investments Stock Market Overview Brazil Stock Market Investments in the UK Stock Market Overview Stock Market (also known as Stock Exchange, Share Market or Equity Market) is a regulated and controlled environment, where tranders can buy and sell shares. The stock market ensures price transparency, liquidity, price discovery, and fair dealings in trading activities, guaranteeing all interested market participants have access to data for all buy and sell orders. The stock market is a component of a free-market economy. It allows companies to raise money by offering stock shares and corporate bonds and allows investors to participate in the financial achievements of the companies, make profits through capital gains, and earn income through dividends. Shares Shares are the equivalent of ownership in a public company. The terms "shares" and "stocks" are often used interchangeably, but they represent a company differently (For example: A company issued stock and you purchased 10 shares of it. If each share represents 1% of ownership, you own 10% of the company. The company issued stock, and you bought shares of it). Warning: The shares represent ownership, not debt, there is no legal obligation for the company to reimburse the shareholders if something happens to the business. Types Of Shares Common Stock Shares | This type comes with voting rights, giving shareholders more control over the business. These rights allow the shareholders of a company to vote on specific corporate actions. Preferred Stock Shares | This type of stock typically has set payment criteria, like a dividend paid out regularly, and takes priority over common stock if the business files for bankruptcy and is forced to repay its lenders. Stockbrokers Brokers are intermediaries between the stock exchanges and the investors by buying and selling stocks. Stock Exchanges NYSE (New York Stock Exchange) Region: US Market Place: New York City Time Zone: EST/EDT (-5:00) NASDAQ (National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations) Region: US Market Place: New York City Time Zone: EST/EDT (-5:00) LSE (London Stock Exchange) Region: UK Market Place: London Time Zone: GMT/BST (+0:00) Euronext (European New Exchange Technology) Region: Europe Market Place: Amsterdam, Brussels, Dublin, Lisbon, Milan, Oslo, Paris Time Zone: CET/CEST (+1:00) ETR (Deutsche Borse AG) Region: DE Market Place: Frankfurt Time Zone: CET/CEST (+1:00) SWX (SIX Swiss Exchange) Region: CH Market Place: Zurich Time Zone: CET/CEST (+1:00) B3 (Brasil, Bolsa, Balcao - formerly know as BM&F BOVESPA) Region: BR Market Place: Sao Paulo Time Zone: GMT (-3:00) ETF The Biggest ETFs Issuers iShares Vanguard SPDR Invesco The Biggest ETFs SPY | SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust IVV | iShares Core S&P 500 ETF VOO | Vanguard 500 Index Fund ETF VTI | Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund ETF QQQ | Invesco QQQ Trust Series 1 Indexes S&P500 | Standard and Poor's 500 | It is a stock market index tracking the stock performance of 500 of the largest companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States. FTSE100 | Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 | Also called the FTSE, or, informally, the "Footsie", is a share index of the 100 companies listed on the London Stock Exchange with the highest market capitalisation. DAX40 | DAX Performance | The DAX is a stock market index consisting of the 40 major German blue chip companies trading on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. Brazil Stock Market Stock Type Codes Frequent codes 3 | Common Stock Shares (Example: "VALE3" Vale) 4 | Preferred Stock Shares (Example: "GGBR4" Gerdau) 5 | Preferred Stock Shares Class A (Example: " USIM5" Usinas Siderurgicas de Minas Gerais ) 6 | Preferred Stock Shares Class B (Example: "ELET6" Eletrobras ) 11 | Units and ETFs Units (Assets composed of more than one type of share | Example: "SANB11" Santader | Composed "SANB3" + "SANB4") ETFs (Exchange Traded Funds | Example: "BOVA11" Ibovespa Index) 34 | BDRs (Brazilian Deposits Receipts | Foreign shares traded on the Brazilian Stock Exchange | Example: "GOGL34" Alphabet Google) Not so frequent codes 1 | Subscription Right (Common Stock Shares) 2 | Subscription Right (Preferred Stock Shares) 7 | Preferred Stock Shares Class C 8 | Preferred Stock Shares Class D 9 | Subscription Receipt (Common Stock Shares) 10 | Subscription Receipt (Preferred Stock Shares) Hint: Class 5, 6, 7 and 8 shares have a different list of rules, which varies depending on the company, and such rules are described in the Bylaws. Investments in th e UK There are many different ways to invest in the UK for both residents and those overseas, from low-risk bonds to more aggressive equity shares. Overview of Available Investments ISA Savings Cash ISA Junior ISA (JISA) Stocks and Share ISA Lifetime ISA Innovative Finance ISA (IFISA) Savings Account Easy Access Account Regular Saver Account Notice Savings Account Fixed-Interest Savings Account Pension Workplace Pension Defined Contribution (DC) Defined Benefit (DB) Personal Pension Stakeholder Pension SIPP (self-invested personal pension) Investments Products Shares Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) Investment Funds / Mutual Funds Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) Bonds and Gilts Government Bonds Corporate Bonds Local Authority Bonds Green Bonds Contracts for Differences (CFDs) and Spreads CFDs Spread Betting Cryptocurrencies FAQ (Frequently asked questions) Safest Investment in the UK : Aside from cash savings accounts, the safest investment in the UK is usually considered to be government bonds. Because they are guaranteed by the British government, they have very low default risk and offer a fixed interest rate. Best Investment for Monthly Income in the UK : There are several options can be considered, although the best choice for you will depend on your indivi dual circumstances and risk tolerance. Earn the Most Interest in the UK : The highest interest rates are often found in fixed-interest savings ac counts, where you agree to lock your money away for a set period. The tradeoff for the lack of liquidity is higher interest rates than on similar savings products. Highest Returns in the UK : Shares in the stock market have offered high returns compared with other investment classes over long time periods. (For example: S&P 500 index, tracks the stock performance of 500 of the largest companies or FTSE 100 Index, which tracks the 100 largest companies listed on the stock markets) ISA Savings (Indivi dual Savings Accounts) It is a tax-efficient savings account. It is one of the most popular types of investments in the UK. Limit: Up to £20,000 per tax year Taxable: Not Taxable Protection: Subject to the Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS), which protects up to £85,000 of your money if the financial institution fails. This protection applies per person, per institution. Types of ISA Savings Cash ISA It works like a regular savings account, but with the ISA benefits. Suitable: Short-term savings goals or as an emergency fund Risk: low-risk Withdrawal: You can withdraw any time Junior ISA (JISA) It is an ISA for children under age 18 living in the UK and you can open for your child or grandchild. The money belongs to the child, and they can access it when they turn 18. Suitable: Parents and grandparent, for the future of the children Risk: low-risk Limit: Up to £9,000 per tax year Stocks and Shares ISA It is an ISA that holds investments such as shares of stocks, bonds, mutual funds, or exchange-traded funds (ETFs). It works like a regular investment account but with ISA benefits. Suitable: Long-term savings goals or as a way to grow your wealth Risk: High-risk Lifetime ISA (LISA) You can use your LISA savings to buy your first home or saving for retirement. You can hold cash or investments, or a combination of both. LISA lets you save up to £4,000 per year with the government adding a 25% bonus on top of what you save (i.e. up to £1,000 per year). Suitable: Buying first home up to £450,000 or Retirement. Risk: Cash low-risk / Investment high-risk Application Rule: If you are age 18 to 39, you can keep contributing until you are 50. After your 50th birthday you can't contribute any more. If you have cash LISA the next 10 year you will receive interest, and in case of investments LISA, the valuation of the shares. Limit: Up to £4,000 per tax year, and it is part of the overall aggregated ISA £20,000 annual allowance. (The government bonus does not count toward the £20,000 limit, so you can still get up to £1,000 of extra money every year from the Lifetime ISA bonus) Withdrawal: You can withdraw to buy a house after 12 months or on your 60th birthday. Withdrawal Penalty: If you withdraw early, you will pay a 25% withdrawal charge, which recovers the government bonus and applies a small penalty. That means you can lose money. Innovative Finance ISA (IFISA) It is a type of ISA that allows you to invest in qualified peer-to-peer lending and crowdfunding platforms, which match up investors with borrowers or businesses. Suitable: Investors due to the potentially higher returns compared with other ISA options Risk: High-risk Savings Account Savings accounts can cater to different saving habits and needs. Each comes with its own set of benefits and constraints. Taxable: Yes Protection: Subject to the Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS), which protects up to £85,000 of your money if the financial institution fails. This protection applies per person, per institution. Types of Savings account Easy Access Account It is a more flexibly savings account. You can add or withdraw funds whenever you wish, without penalties. The interest rates are usually variable and lower than those of fixed-interest accounts. Suitable: Good option if you might need to access your savings quickly Risk: low-risk Regular Saver Account It is type of savings account that encourage consistent saving habits by offering attractive interest rates to those who commit to making regular deposits. Suitable: To save bit by bit and do not need to use the money for everyday spending Risk: low-risk Limit: Usually £50 to £500 every month, but maximum deposits vary by bank. Withdrawal: It may also have restrictions on withdrawals Notice Savings Account It is a type of savings that requires you to provide a set notice period (typically 30 to 90 days) before you can withdraw your money. Suitable: This can help you resist the temptation to dip into your savings, and in return, you’re usually offered a higher interest rate than easy access accounts. Risk: low-risk Withdrawal: Usually 30 to 90 days Fixed-Interest Savings Account Fixed-interest (or fixed-rate) savings accounts are a type of savings account where your money is locked away for a specified period, usually from several months to up to five years. In return for committing your money, you’re rewarded with a fixed interest rate, typically higher than that of an easy access savings account. Suitable: For Long-term investments with higher returns Limit: Usually it will have no limit to invest. Withdrawal: Few months up to 5 years Pension A pension is a tax-efficient way of saving money for your retirement. It is form an integral part of financial planning for retirement later in life. Limit: Up to £60,000 per tax year 2023-24 (The total amount you can build up in all your pensions without facing tax charges, excluding the State Pension, is currently limited to £1,073,100) Types of pensions Workplace Pension A workplace pension, also known as an occupational, company, works, or work-based pension, is a pension scheme arranged by your employer. You, your employer, and the government all contribute to this. You contribute a certain percentage of your salary every payday, and these contributions are usually automatically deducted from your salary before tax, providing immediate tax relief. Your employer also contributes an additional sum to your pension pot, which is essentially free money toward your retirement. In addition, the government provides tax relief on your contributions. This means the money that would have gone to the government as income tax instead goes into your pension pot. For basic-rate taxpayers in the U.K., for every £40 you pay into your pension, your employer typically puts in £30, and the government will contribute an additional £10 in tax relief. There are two main types of workplace pension: Defined contribution (D.C.): A pension pot based on how much is paid in by the employee. They’re sometimes called “money purchase” pension schemes. Defined benefit (D.B.): A guaranteed pot based on your salary and how long you’ve worked for your employer. They’re sometimes called “final salary” or “career average” pension schemes. Personal Pension A personal pension is a pension that you set up for yourself. You can contribute to your personal pension regardless of your employment status. Like workplace pensions, personal pensions also offer tax relief. However, if you’re a higher-rate or additional-rate taxpayer, you’ll need to claim the additional rebate through your tax return. Suitable: It is particularly useful for the self-employed or those not enrolled in a workplace pension scheme. There are two main types of personal pension: stakeholder pensions and SIPPs: Stakeholder pensions have low and flexible minimum contributions, capped charges, and a default investment strategy, which can be helpful if you don’t want to make investment decisions. Many default investment funds feature “lifestyling.” Lifestyling is when your funds are automatically moved into lower-risk investments as you approach retirement. A SIPP (self-invested personal pension) works in a similar way but offers a wider choice of investments. You have more control over your pension pot and can invest in a range of assets, including shares, bonds, funds, and even commercial property. Investments Products Shares Shares, also known as equities or stocks, represent a portion of residual ownership in a company. Buying shares in a company means that you sort of own a small slice of that company. As a shareholder, you could potentially profit in two ways. Capital Gains: If you sell your shares for more than you paid Dividends: It is a portion of the company’s profits distributed pro rata to shareholders Shares are traded on stock exchanges, with the London Stock Exchange being one of the most prominent in the UK. Suitable: For people with a more bold profiles, who accept possible losses to have greater gains Risk: high-risk (share prices can be volatile and fluctuate due to various factors such as the company’s financial performance, economic conditions, and market sentiment) Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) Real Estate Investment Trusts are entities that own, and often operate, income-generating real estate. Investing in an REIT allows you to indirectly invest in property without having to directly own any real estate. This could be residential properties, commercial properties such as offices and shopping centers, or even specialist properties like hotels. REITs are required to distribute a majority of their taxable income to shareholders, making them an attractive option for investors seeking regular income, similar to dividend-paying stocks. Besides, they offer potential for capital growth if the value of the underlying properties increases. Suitable: For those who want to invest in real estate without having to buy a physical property Risk: high-risk (potential risk for property value decreases and rental income reductions) Investment Funds Investment funds (mutual funds) pool your money with other investors to invest in a wide range of assets, including shares, bonds, and property. Active funds: It is a type of investment fund where the investments are managed by professionals. These fund managers make decisions about where to invest the fund’s money, aiming to outperform the market or a specific benchmark. In return for this expertise, active funds generally charge higher fees than passive funds (e.g., index funds). Index funds: Also known as tracker funds in the UK, aim to replicate the performance of a specific market index, such as the FTSE 100. Rather than trying to beat the market, these funds simply try to match it. This passive management approach typically results in lower fees than active funds, making them a cost-effective way to diversify your portfolio. This shared approach can provide access to a diverse range of investments that you might not be able to afford individually, spreading the risk. Suitable: For investors who want to invest in a wide range of assets, spreading the risk Risk: high-risk Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) are investment fund shares that are traded on stock exchanges, much like individual stocks. ETFs can track a wide range of indexes, from broad market indexes to specific sectors, commodities, or even geographical regions. They offer a flexible and cost-effective way to diversify across a wide range of assets, with the added benefit of liquidity and the ability to buy or sell shares in the ETF throughout the trading day at market prices. Suitable: It is a long-term investment, for those who invest in a wide range of stocks, and spread the risk Risk: high-risk Bonds and Gilts Essentially, a bond is a loan made by an investor to a borrower, typically corporate or governmental. As an investor, when you purchase a bond, you are lending money to the issuer of the bond in return for periodic interest payments and the return of the bond’s face value when it matures. Investing in bonds can provide a predictable income and is generally considered less risky than investing in stocks. Risks: Credit risk (the risk that the issuer will default on their payments) and interest rate risk (where a rise in interest rates can cause the value of the bond to fall). Taxable: Tax and regulatory implications may vary based on the investor’s country of residence There are several types of bonds available to investors Government Bonds It is also known as “gilts,” are considered among the safest investments because they are backed by the government. They pay a fixed interest rate (known as the coupon) twice a year until they mature, at which point the investor receives the face value of the bond. The term of a gilt can range from a few years to several decades. Risk: low-risk (They are backed by the Government) Corporate Bonds It is issued by companies to raise capital for various reasons, such as funding expansion or paying off other debts. They typically offer a higher interest rate than government bonds to compensate for the additional risk, as they rely on the company’s ability to meet its financial obligations. They can be an excellent way for investors to generate regular income and diversify their portfolio. Retail bonds are a form of corporate bond issued directly to the public and can be traded on the London Stock Exchange’s Order Book for Retail Bonds (ORB). Risk: Depends on the issuer Local Authority Bonds It is issued by local governments to finance public projects. These bonds are often tax exempt and offer competitive interest rates, making them an attractive option for those looking for a balance of risk and return. Green Bonds It is a newer addition to the bond market. The proceeds from green bonds are used to fund projects with environmental benefits. They are an excellent option for socially conscious investors who want their investments to support sustainability initiatives. Contracts for Differences (CFDs) and Spreads Contracts for differences (CFDs), spread betting, and other similar financial derivatives can also offer another avenue for retail investors. However, these types of products come with a high level of risk and complexity, so they may not be suitable for everyone. Risk: high-risk (for inexperienced investors may be considered very high-risk) Taxable: Tax laws can change and may depend on individual circumstances CFDs It is a type of derivative for speculating on the prices of fast-moving global financial markets, such as shares, indexes, commodities, currencies, and treasuries. When you trade a CFD, you are agreeing to exchange the difference in price of an asset from the point at which the contract is opened to when it is closed. You never actually own the underlying asset, but you can still benefit if the market moves in your favor, or you face a loss if it moves against you. CFDs are complex instruments and come with a high risk of losing money rapidly due to leverage. While still legal, the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) has imposed limits and restrictions on the marketing, distribution, and sale of CFDs to retail consumers in the U.K. due to concerns about losses. Risk: high-risk Taxable: Yes. Capital gains tax and stamp duty Spread Betting It is another type of derivatives trading. It involves speculating on the direction of price movements. A spread betting company quotes two prices, the bid and offer price (also known as the spread), and investors bet whether the price of the underlying asset will be lower than the bid or higher than the offer. The main difference between spread betting and CFD trading is their tax treatment Risk: high-risk Taxable: No. It is free from capital gains tax and stamp duty Protection: Regulated by the FCA in the UK, and providers must meet certain standards and protections, including segregating client money. Cryptocurrencies Cryptocurrencies are a relatively new addition to the investment landscape and have gained significant attention globally, including in the U.K. They represent a form of digital or virtual currency, secured by cryptography, making them nearly impossible to counterfeit, and they can be bought and sold via online cryptocurrency exchanges. (the most well-known cryptocurrency is Bitcoin). Investing in cryptocurrencies can be appealing due to their high potential returns. However, it’s essential to understand that cryptocurrencies are highly volatile and can fluctuate in value significantly. Risk: Very high-risk Additional Risks: In addition to high volatility, other risks such as scams are frequent in the crypto market Protection: There is no protection References: HM Revenue & Customs ( www.gov.uk ); Investopedia (www.investopedia.com ); Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.org )

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Macroeconomics is a branch of economics that deals with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as a whole. This includes regional, national, and global economies.In this section we will try to cover topics in the history of macroeconomics to be taken as lessons learned of what to do and what not to do. Overview Macroeconomics is a branch of economics that deals with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as a whole. This includes regional, national, and global economies. In this section we will try to cover topics in the history of macroeconomics to be taken as lessons learned of what to do and what not to do. Fordland The Guardian coined this history as "Lost cities of Fordlandia – The failure of Henry Ford's utopian city in the Amazon" In the 1920s the US industrialist, Henry Ford, wanted to found a city based on the values that made his company a success – while, of course, producing cheap rubber. Spoiler alert : The jungle city that bore his name ended up one of his biggest failures. Location Fordlândia (in Portuguese) is a district and adjacent area of 14,268 square kilometres in the city of Aveiro, in the Brazilian state of Pará. It is located on the east banks of the Tapajós river roughly 300 kilometres south of the city of Santarém. Period / Purpose It was established in the Amazon Rainforest in 1928 as a prefabricated industrial town intended to be inhabited by 10,000 people to secure a source of cultivated rubber for the automobile manufacturing operations of the Ford Motor Company. Background Negotiations with the Brazilian government started during the visit by then-governor of the State of Pará, Dionísio Bentes, to the United States to meet Ford. An agreement was signed and the American industrialist received an area of about 10,000 km2. The agreement exempted Ford from taxes on the exportation of goods produced in Brazil in exchange for 9% of the profits (7% going to the Brazilian government and 2% of profits to local municipalities). Investments / Infrastructure With an investment of around US$2 million at the time, 2,000 people moved to the region. According to historian Greg Grandin, author of studies on Fordlândia, the place imitated all the nuances of a typically North American city, with a main shopping street, lined up houses designed in the city of Michigan, USA, sidewalks and a square central. There were also hospitals, schools, mechanical workshops, ice chambers for storing food, among other benefits that were previously rare in the region. Rules / Cultural Distance Ford, who was against drinking alcohol, wanted a perfect utopian city in the middle of the Amazon. The town had a strict set of rules imposed by the managers. Alcohol, women, tobacco and even football were forbidden within the town, including inside the workers' own homes. Inspectors (American managers) would go from house to house to check how organized the houses were and to enforce these rules. while promoting gardening, square dances and poetry readings to the site’s workers. According to sources, a menu with balanced meals was chosen by Ford himself, with oatmeal and canned peaches, imported from Michigan, for breakfast, and brown rice and whole wheat bread for dinner. Time clocks and sirens marked the working hours and the search for productivity was a trademark, which brought a certain strangeness to Brazilians at the time. The legendary businessman, however, did not count on the cultural differences between the American engineers, called upon to run the new venture, and the Brazilian rubber tappers (A cultural distance that would become the beginning of the end of the North American utopian city in the country). Riots / Revolts In 20 December 1930, at the workers’ cafe, in which skilled workers were separated from manual labourers, an argument quickly escalated and violence broke out. Workers vandalised the city, destroying generators, manufacturing equipment, and even their own homes. Fordland's managerial staff managed to escape by ship, they were eventually able to subdue the violence, but only by appealing to Pan Am air magnate to assist them by flying in Brazilian military personnel on one of his planes. According to sources, despite some agreements were made on the type of food the workers would be served, Ford did not agree to further negotiations and chose to fire the majority of the plant's workers. Downfall Even after the riots, Fordland faced some turning points: Labor Treatment Workers having to work in the middle of the day under the tropical sun, with fear of succumbing to the heat and humidity of the Amazon Rainforest Cultural differences Unfamiliar food American-style housing Lack of Tropical Agriculture Knowledge Hilly and rocky terrains/lands Protection mechanism against plagues and diseases (the rubber trees must grow apart from each other to avoid plagues) Logistical problems No roads were available in the area The area was only accessible by the Tapajos River Biological Risks Workers were affected by diseases such as yellow fever and malaria A fungus has made rubber tree plantations unusable for industry Competition New synthetic rubber made from petroleum derivatives Asian rubber plantations freed from Japanese rule with the end of World War II In the following decades, attempts were made such as relocation, opening of new factories in other regions, Autolatina creation, a joint venture with Volkswagen, but all in vain. Adding to an unfavorable economy, numerous crises and catastrophic events such as pandemics, after a hundred years, Ford left Brazil for good.

There are different types and levels of certifications. There are basically 3 levels being the associate the first level and the more easy to pass and the professional more difficult. The associate you can basically pass just studying the sap books, courses and training available by SAP, but the other levels you will need to have deeper knowledge, with more technical part, that you can only have it, after some time working as a SAP consultant. Career change guide for SAP Understanding the SAP Market When you come across opportunities in the market, you will see many different types of requirements, but you need to keep a few guidelines in mind. Interns do not need to have experience Junior Consultants do not master processes Consultants do not manage teams Senior Consultants do not make strategic decisions Certifications There are different types and levels of certifications. You can see all in the link below: Valid Certification : https://training.sap.com/certification/validity There are basically 3 levels being the associate the first level and the more easy to pass and the professional more difficul. The associate you can basically pass just stutying the sap books, courses and training available by SAP, but the other levels you will need to have deeper knowledge, with more techinical part, that you can only have it, after some time working as a SAP consultant. But dont you worry, most os the consultants has only the associate level, even the 15 years of experiences type of consultant. Level Associate Level Specialist Level Professional SAP FI Finance Certification Traning Code: C_TS4FI_2021 SAP Certified Application Associate - SAP S/4HANA for Financial Accounting Associates Level: Associate SAP Version: SAP S/4HANA 2021 Exam: 80 questions Duration: 180 mins Cut Score: 63% UK Certification Exam Price: £175.00 (GBP) + Taxes (One Attempt) Languages: German, English, Spanish, French, Japanese, Portuguese, Chinese Topic Area % Content Price Duration URL Course Financial Closing > 12% £6,810.00 10 Days [+] TS4F02 (Financial Accounting in SAP S/4HANA - Academy Part II) General Ledger Accounting > 12% £6,810.00 10 Days [+] TS4F01 (Financial Accounting in SAP S/4HANA - Academy Part I) Accounts Payable & Accounts Receivable > 12% £6,810.00 10 Days [+] TS4F01 (Financial Accounting in SAP S/4HANA - Academy Part I) Asset Accounting > 12% £6,810.00 10 Days [+] TS4F02 (Financial Accounting in SAP S/4HANA - Academy Part II) Organizational Assignments and Process Integration > 12% £6,810.00 10 Days [+] TS4F01 (Financial Accounting in SAP S/4HANA - Academy Part I) Overview and Deployment of SAP S/4HANA < 8% £6,810.00 10 Days [+] TS4F01 (Financial Accounting in SAP S/4HANA - Academy Part I) Topic Areas Content Financial Closing Perform month and year-end closing in Financial Accounting (exchange rate valuation, post provisions etc.), create balance sheet, create profit and loss statements, monitor closing operations using the Financial Closing Cockpit, post accruals with accrual documents and recurring entry documents, and manage posting periods. General Ledger Accouting Create and maintain general ledger accounts, exchange rates, bank master data and define house banks. Create and reverse general ledger transfer postings, post cross-company code transactions, create profit centers and segments. Clear an account and define and use a chart of accounts. Maintain tolerances, tax codes, and post documents with document splitting. Accounts Payable & Accounts Receivable Create and maintain business partners, post invoices and payments and use special g/l transactions, reverse invoices and payments, block open invoices for payment, configure the payment program, and manage partial payments. Define the customizing settings for the Payment Medium Workbench, use the debit balance check for handling payments, define terms of payment and payment types, explain the connection of customers to vendors, describe integration with procurement and sales. Asset Accounting Create and maintain charts of depreciation and the depreciation areas, asset classes, asset master data, and configure and perform FI-AA business processes in the SAP system. Set up valuation and depreciation, perform periodic and year-end closing processes, and explain and configure parallel accounting. Organizational Assignments and Process Integration Manage Organizational Units, currencies, configure Validations and Document Types, utilize Reporting Tools, configure Substitutions, and manage Number ranges. Overview and Deployment of SAP S/4HANA Explain the SAP HANA Architecture and describe the SAP S/4HANA scope and deployment options. SAP Training Locations UK Official Location: https://training.sap.com/training-locations/GB/London US Official Location: https://training.sap.com/training-locations/US/philadelphia-new-town-square BR Official Location (Partner): https://training.sap.com/training-locations/BR/sao-paulo-ka-solution-sap-training

We are driven by the purpose of creating value and generating impact for our clients. Helping businesses to achieve its goals and building better future. Available for SAP FI/CO Projects Greenfields, Rollouts, Improvements, POCs and Upgrades As Consultant, SME, Team Leader or Solution Architect New technologies like S/4 HANA are preferable Download CV Availability Phone SAP S/4 HANA FI 1909 SAP Design Thinking Deloitte Lean Six Sigma Belt SAP S/4 HANA FI 1909 1/6 I'm SAP S/4 FICO Solution Architect with 18+ years of experience in implementation and business integration, fitment and fulfillment for big sized projects with high complexity, able to implement and solve mission-critical business challenges. I have a full resume with successful delivered projects by providing skilled technical consulting and custom training. Years of Experience Finance 18 Years ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Controlling 18 Years ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Material Ledger 18 Years ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ CO-PC 18 Years ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ CO-PA 18 Years ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Cash Mgnt 18 Years ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Credit Mgnt 10 Years ▇▇▇▇▇ Tax 14 Years ▇▇▇▇▇▇ FM 04 Years ▇▇▇▇ ABAP 03 Years ▇▇▇ CFIN 03 Years ▇▇▇ FI-CA 01 Years ▇ Retail 04 Years ▇▇▇▇ Number of Projects Full Lifecycle 05 Prjs ▇▇▇▇▇ S/4 HANA 07 Prjs ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Greenfield 06 Prjs ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Rollout 10 Prjs ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Improvements 09 Prjs ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Blueprints 02 Prjs ▇ QA 02 Prjs ▇▇ PoC 01 Prj ▇ Upgrades 01 Prj ▇ Industry Sectors Agribusiness 03 Prjs ▇▇▇ Automotive 01 Prj ▇ Beverage 02 Prjs ▇▇ Biotech 01 Prj ▇ Chemical 06 Prjs ▇▇▇▇▇ Cons. Goods 01 Prj ▇ Finance 01 Prj ▇ Food 02 Prjs ▇▇ Healthcare 01 Prj ▇ Manufacture 03 Prjs ▇▇▇ Media 01 Prj ▇ Mining 01 Prj ▇ Oil & Gas 01 Prj ▇ Paper 01 Prj ▇ Pharma 04 Prjs ▇▇▇▇ Metals 01 Prj ▇ Public Sector 01 Prj ▇ Retail 03 Prjs ▇▇▇ Tech. / Serv. 03 Prjs ▇▇▇ My Mission To help companies run SAP better Improving processes, running cost-effective solutions and creating value Applying best practices and bringing the system back to standard Consultancies in my Portfolio Accenture | Capgemini | Cast Group | Deloitte | Engineering | Everis | EY | iGate | Infosys | PwC | SAP Integration Skills Integration with MM, SD, PP, PS, QM, PM, BW/BI, PI/PO and PLM cProjects, to design architectural solutions in SAP and also legacy systems. Solution Skills SAP Solutions for Tax Engine, Country versions, Revenue Recognition, Legal statements, Bank communication and Consolidation. Data Migration Data Collection / Data Cleansing / Data Transformation / Data Migration SAP CFIN Central Finance Transformation LSMW Legacy System Migration (accelerated with embedded ABAP code) LMTC Legacy Transfer Migration Cockpit Industry Solutions Agribusiness | Aerospace | Automotive | Beverage | Biotechnology | Chemical | Consumer Goods | Finance | Food | Fracking | Health Care | Manufacture | Media | Metals & Mining | Oil & Gas | Precious Metals | Public Sector | Paper & Cellulose | Pharmaceutical | Retail | Services | Technology | Telecommunication SAP IS-Solutions SAP PSCD Public Sector Collection and Disbursement | SAP FI-CA Contract Accounting | SAP POS-DM (Retail) Point of Sale Data Management Education 2016 MBA Strategic Management in Information Technology FGV 2015 Alumni Program Technology, Organizations and Innovation MIT 2015 Bachelor’s Degree Economics (Leave of Absence) Paulista University 2011 Bachelor’s Degree Accounting Paulista University 2004 Bachelor’s Degree Business Administration Mackenzie University Certification 2021 Design Thinking [+] SAP Certified Associate Design Thinking SAP 2020 SAP S/4 FI [+] SAP S/4 HANA 1909 for Financial Accounting Associates SAP 2013 ITIL [+] ITIL v3 Foundation Certification EXIN 2012 COBIT COBIT 4.1 Foundation Certification ISACA 2009 Lean/Six Sigma Lean/Six Sigma Certification (Yellow Belt) Deloitte 2008 SAP FI SAP ECC 6.0 for Financial Accounting Associates SAP Qualifications and Professional Activities 2020 Agile Agile with Jira (SCRUM and KANBAN) Coursera 2020 SAP TRM SAP TRM Tax and Revenue Management Capgemini 2020 SAP PSCD SAP PSCD Public Sector Collection and Disbursement Capgemini 2020 SAP S/4 FI SAP S/4 Financial Accounting in S/4HANA 1909 SAP 2017 SAP ABAP SAP ABAP Academy SAP 2015 SAP Simple FI SAP HANA Simple Finance, S/4 HANA Migration SAP 2014 SAP NF-e SAP NF-e Nota Fiscal Eletronica 3.10 with GRC Tech Consulting 2013 ITIL ITIL V3 Foundations KA Solution 2012 SAP Material Ledger SAP CO Brazil Localization (Material Ledger) SAP 2012 SAP NF-e GRC SAP NF-e 10.0 with GRC, WBRNFE_10 SAP 2012 SAP NewGL SAP NewGL (New General Ledger) SAP 2012 COBIT COBIT 4.1 Foundations KA Solution 2012 SQL SQL, Microsoft SQL Server Writing Queries KA Solution 2011 SAP CO SAP CO Academy (Controlling Accounting) SAP 2010 HPQC HP Quality Center SAP 2010 SAP InfoPak SAP InfoPak, Documentation Tool SAP 2009 Lean/Six Sigma Lean/Six Sigma (Green Belt Academy) Deloitte 2009 IFRS IFRS, Concepts and Preparation Deloitte 2008 SAP FI SAP FI Brazil Localization SAP 2008 SAP SolMan SAP Solution Manager Deloitte 2008 HPQC HP Quality Center, Mercury HP 2007 SAP FI SAP FI Academy (Financial Accounting) SAP 2007 SAP R/3 SAP BootCamp R/3 4.6c, FI,CO,MM,SD,PP Modules Deloitte

The cost element categoryhas a technical control function. It determines whether you can post to a cost element directly or indirectly. Direct posting: You post a fixed amount to an account by specifying the account number. You can post directly to all primary cost elements. Indirect posting: The system determines the account automatically at the time of posting You can not enter the account number with the posting transaction. You can only post indirectly to secondary cost elements. Cost Elements The cost element categoryhas a technical control function. It determines whether you can post to a cost element directly or indirectly. Direct posting: You post a fixed amount to an account by specifying the account number. You can post directly to all primary cost elements. Indirect posting: The system determines the account automatically at the time of posting You can not enter the account number with the posting transaction. You can only post indirectly to secondary cost elements. Cost Element Category Primary cost elements 01 : Primary cost element This category of cost element can be debited with all primary postings, for example, in Financial Accounting (FI) or Materials Management (MM). 03 : Accrual cost element / percentage method This cost element category may only be used in Cost Center Accounting (CO-OM-CCA) with the percentage method of accrual calculation. You can post directly in Financial Accounting to register when actual costs are incurred. The system uses this cost element category to post accrued costs in Cost Center Accounting. If you do not want to consider actual costs (for example, additional costs), you can create this category of cost elements exclusively in Controlling. You define the account in the chart of accounts, but you do not need to create the account as a G/L account in Financial Accounting. 04 : Accrual cost element / target=actual method This cost element category may be used only in the target=actual method of accrual calculation with Cost Center Accounting. You can post the cost directly from Financial Accounting to register when actual costs are incurred. The system uses this cost element category to post accrued costs in Cost Center Accounting. If you do not want to consider actual costs (for example, additional costs), you can create this category of cost elements exclusively in Controlling. You define the account in the chart of accounts, but you do not need to create the account as a G/L account in Financial Accounting. 11 : Revenue elements The cost element category is used to post revenues. Warning : Revenues are displayed in Controlling with a negative sign (-). An exception to this is Profitability Analysis (CO-PA). In CO-PA revenues are displayed with a positive sign (+). Caution : If you post revenues to cost centers, the values appear as statistical information only. This means that you can repost revenues for posting adjustments to other cost centers, but another allocation is not possible. Revenues are ignored in iterative activity price calculation and are therefore not included in the allocation price of an activity type. Note : Before you define a revenue element, check whether the posting is in the form of a credit memo whose costs you want to take into account. If this is the case, use cost element category 01 (primary cost elements), not category 11 (revenue elements). These credit memos appear as negative costs and are processed in the same way as all other cost elements of category 01. Example : Cost center with revenue posting Costs = 10,000 Revenues = -5,000 Cost effective = 10,000 Cost center with credit entry Costs = 10,000 Credit memo = -5,000 Cost effective = 5,000 12 : Sales deduction Cost elements of this category are used to post sales deductions. Sales deductions (reductions, adjustments, corrections) are adjustment or deduction postings of revenues, such as discounts and rebates. Certain revenues, such as freight charged separately in the invoice, surcharges for small quantities or special orders, are not classified as sales deductions. Such value items are defined as revenue elements. The account assignment options for cost elements of this category are the same as for cost element category 11 (revenue elements). Values on cost centers are displayed statistically only (as for revenues). 22 : External settlement Cost elements of this category are used to settleorder, project, or cost object costs to objects outside of Controlling. CO external objects can be, for example, assets (AM), materials (MM) or G/L accounts (FI). The system always creates an accounting document when you settle to external objects. You cannot use this cost element category for settlement to objects within Controlling (such as cost centers, orders, or projects). Use secondary cost element category 21 for internal settlement. In contrast to settlement to CO-external objects, no accounting documents are generated by the system for settlement to CO internal objects as the value flow occurs exclusively within CO. 90 : Cost element for balance sheet accounts in Financial Accounting Cost elements of this category are generated automatically when you create cost elements in Controlling that have asset reconciliation accounts, that is, special balance sheet accounts, as corresponding general ledger accounts in Financial Accounting. You cannot change this cost element category in CO master data maintenance. FI does not require CO account assignments of category 90. However, if you do enter a CO account assignment, this is only updated statistically even for true CO objects. Cost elements of category 90 enable you to control the costs of an order or project budget during the acquisition of fixed assets that can be directly capitalized. To achieve this you enter a capital investment order or work breakdown structure (WBS) element in the appropriate field in the asset master data. The Asset Management (AM) component ensures that when the asset is acquired, the order or WBS element is automatically entered in the document. In Controlling, orders and WBS elements are debited statistically. This statistical debit is checked with the budget during availability control. The system does not support other uses of category 90 cost elements at present. You cannot plan using these cost elements. Secondary cost elements 21 : Internal settlement This cost element category is used to settle (further allocate) order or project costs to Controlling (CO) internal objects. CO-internal objects are, for example, orders, profitability segments, cost centers and projects. You cannot use this cost element category for settlement to CO-external objects (such as fixed assets, materials, or G/L accounts). Use primary cost element category 22 for external settlement. 31 : Order/project results analysis This cost element category is used to save the order/project results analysis data on the relevant order/project. 41 : Overhead rates This cost element category is used to further allocate overhead costs using overhead ratesfrom cost centers to orders. 42 : Assessment This cost element category is used to allocate costs using the assessment method. 43 : Allocation of activities/processes This cost element category is used during internal activity allocationand in Activity-Based Costing. 50 : Incoming orders: sales revenues This cost element category is used for sales revenues from sales orders with incoming orders in the current period of the project-related incoming order. 51 : Incoming orders: other revenues This cost element category is used for other revenues, such as imputed interest, from sales orders with incoming orders in the current period of the project-related incoming order. 52 : Incoming orders: costs This cost element category is used for costs from sales orders with incoming orders in the current period of the project-related incoming order. 61 : Earned values This cost element category is used for the earned values from the earned value analysis in Project System. Article written by Luiz C. Mariani | Published July 2023 Reference sources: SAP ( www.sap.com ); SAP Support ( support.sap.com ); SAP Help ( help.sap.com ); SAP Blog ( blogs.sap.com )

Topics: SAP S/4 HANA Material Ledger Step by Step Customizing SAP Material Ledger SAP Actual Costing / Material Ledger Standard Price versus Moving Average Price Standard Price (S) | Advantages x Disadvantages Moving Average Price (V) | Advantages x Disadvantages SAP Actual Costing / Material Ledger Configuring SAP Material Ledger involves several steps to ensure accurate and detailed material valuation. Below is a step-by-step guide on how to configure SAP Material Ledger. Please note that the exact steps and transaction codes may vary depending on your SAP version and configuration. Always refer to the official SAP documentation for your specific SAP version. F ollowing the best practices implementation is always the best solution to leveraging the full capabilities of SAP Material Ledger. Seq Transaction Name Module Reference SAP Path 001 OX14 Valuation Level MM Define Valuation Level IMG -> Enterprise Structure -> Definition -> Logistics - General -> Define Valuation Level 002 OMX2 Assign Currency Types and Define Material Ledger Types PC-ML Assign Currency Types and Define Material Ledger Types IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Assign Currency Types and Define Material Ledger Types 003 OMX3 Assign Material Ledger Types to Valuation Area PC-ML Assign Material Ledger Types to Valuation Area IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Assign Material Ledger Types to Valuation Area 004 CKM9 Check Material Ledger Settings (Display of ML-Relevant Customizing Settings) PC-ML Activate Material Ledger for Valuation Area IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Activate Material Ledger for Valuation Areas 005 OMX1 Activation of Material Ledger PC-ML Activate Material Ledger for Valuation Area IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Activate Material Ledger for Valuation Areas 006 S_ALR_87008137 Maintain Number Ranges for Material Ledger Documents PC-ML Maintain Number Ranges for Material Ledger Documents IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Maintain Number Ranges for Material Ledger Documents 007 OMX4 Number range: Material ledger document PC-ML Maintain Number Ranges for Material Ledger Documents IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Maintain Number Ranges for Material Ledger Documents 008 OMX5 Configure Dynamic Price Changes PC-ML Configure Dynamic Price Changes IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Configure Dynamic Price Changes 009 V_CKMLKONT No text found for transaction (Assign Acc. Assignment Reason to Acct Modification Const) PC-ML Reasons for Price Changes IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Reasons for Price Changes 010 OMX_UMB_ACCOUNTS Display Accounts For Account Key UMB PC-ML Reasons for Price Changes IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Reasons for Price Changes 011 OPR4_ACT Define User-Defined Message Types PC-ML Define User-Defined Message Types IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Define User-Defined Message Types 012 SM30 (V_CKMLMV010_T) Define Movement Type Groups of Material Ledger PC-ML Define Movement Type Groups of Material Ledger IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Material Update -> Define Movement Type Groups of Material Ledger 013 SM30 (V_156Q_ML) Assign Movement Type Groups of Material Ledger PC-ML Assign Movement Type Groups of Material Ledger IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Material Update -> Assign Movement Type Groups of Material Ledger 014 OMX9 Define Material Update Structure PC-ML Define Material Update Structure IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Material Update -> Define Material Update Structure 015 OMX8 Assign Material Update Structure to a Valuation Area PC-ML Assign Material Update Structure to a Valuation Area IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Material Update -> Assign Material Update Structure to a Valuation Area 016 CKM9 Verify Settings for Actual Costing (Display of ML-Relevant Customizing Settings) PC-ML Activate Actual Costing IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Actual Costing -> Activate Actual Costing 017 SM30 (VV_T001W_MV_1) Activate actual costing PC-ML Activate Actual Costing IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Actual Costing -> Activate Actual Costing 018 OMXW Activate WIP at Actual Costs PC-ML Activate WIP at Actual Costs IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Actual Costing ->Activate WIP at Actual Costs 019 SM30 (V_T001K_CCS) Activate Actual Cost Component Split PC-ML Activate Actual Cost Component Split IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Actual Costing -> Activate Actual Cost Component Split SPRO IMG Customizing Tree These are the basic customizing transaction used to setup Material Ledger: Assign Currency Types and Define Material Ledger Types Assign Material Ledger Types to Valuation Area Activate Material Ledger for Valuation Areas Maintain Number Ranges to Material Ledger Documents Configure Dynamic Price Changes Reasons for Price Changes Define User-Defined Massage Types Define Movement Types Groups of Material Ledger Assign Movement Types Groups of Material Ledger Activate Actual Costing Activate Actual Cost Component Split Activate WIP at Actual Costs 1. Assign Currency Types and Define Material Ledger Types Material Ledger Types Automatic getting CT from: Currency Type from FI Currency Type from CO You don't need to enter the currency type manually Manual: You need to enter the desired currency types manually 2. Assign Material Ledger Types to Valuation Area The Material Ledger Type that was created in the step above needs to be assigned Valuation Area. Valuation Area | Organizational level at which the material ledger is valuated. It can be one of the following: Plant All plants belonging to a company code, in which case the valuation area is the company code. 2.1. Valuation Level You define the valuation level by specifying the level at which material stocks are valuated. You can valuate material stocks at the following levels: Plant Level Valuation must be at this level in the following cases If you want to use the application component Production Planning (PP) or Costing If your system is a SAP Retail system Company Code Level Valuation level choice affects the following: Maintenance of material master records G/L accounts in which material stocks are managed G/L accounts to which transactions are posted in Materials Management Important: Once set, it is not possible to switch the valuation level from plant to company code, or vice versa. If absolutely necessary to subsequently change the valuation level, contact a SAP consultant because a data conversion is required. Standard Price versus Moving Average Price Material Valuation How materials are valuated in the SAP system essentially depends on the price control that was set for the material in the material master. You can choose between a valuation at the standard price (S price) or at the moving average price (V price). When using the Material Ledger, you have the possibility of combining the advantages of standard price control and moving average price control. With moving average price control, a new material price is calculated after every goods receipt, invoice receipt, and/or order settlement. This material price is an average value calculated from the total inventory value and the total quantity of the material in stock. With standard price control, goods movements are valuated with a price that remains constant for at least one period. The standard price that is assigned to a material is usually the result of a standard cost estimate. The main difference between the two valuation procedures is that the moving average price represents a current delivered price while the standard price is based on planned values and not actual values. Differences between the planned price and the actual prices are not assigned to the material stock in Financial Accounting, but rather are assigned to a price difference account. When using the moving average price, however, the material stock value in Financial Accounting can reflect the prices actually incurred. However, the moving average price has its disadvantages too. Actual Costing Use the component Actual Costing/Material Ledger to ensure a method of cost management that uses the most current data to calculate your actual material costs. You can use this component to calculate an average price at the end of the period using the actual costs incurred in that period. You can then use this average price to valuate the material stock in the period in question. The standard price is used for preliminary material valuation in the Actual Costing/Material Ledger component. In the following text, problems that could result from valuating materials with the moving average price are illustrated in conjunction with a comparison of advantages and disadvantages of both methods of price control. You can avoid the problems that arise when using the standard price for material valuation by using the component Actual Costing/Material Ledger . In addition, there will be some recommendations from SAP as to which price control to use. Standard Price (S) Advantages When using the standard price, all goods movements of a material are valuated with the same price over at least one period. Therefore, the standard price ensures consistent cost management of the production process and makes variances within production transparent. A periodic price (standard price) is especially useful when working with cost management by period. The standard price can also be used as a benchmark by which you can measure different methods of production, or compare the contribution margins of a material in different market segments in Profitability Analysis. Disadvantages Because the standard price is held constant for an entire period, it does not reflect the actual costs incurred during the period. This can lead to inexact valuation prices for materials whose procurement prices change a great deal over a period, or whose method of production changes within a period. This problem increases in multilevel production with each new production step. This means that the costs for the finished product may not reflect the most recent data. The material stock value does not reflect the current procurement costs, as variances from the standard price are collected in a price difference account in Financial Accounting and do not lead to a correction of the material stock account. The variances collected in the price difference account can no longer be assigned to the individual material. If you use split valuation for materials, please note that you can only release the material price at the header level of a material (not at the level of the valuation type) when calculating a material price in Product Cost Planning. Moving Average Price (V) Advantages The advantage of using the moving average price is that variances are updated in the material price and the material stock value. Because the material price reflects the average procurement cost of a material, material issues could, in principle, be valuated with the current price. Only in special cases are variances allocated to a price difference account in Financial Accounting rather than to the material stock. The advantages of the moving average price are seen only if: you are looking at the material valuation data at the lowest production level; all variances occur immediately; the material price is not distorted by the sequence of postings by the system. Disadvantages The main disadvantage of using the moving average price is that the price used to valuate a material consumption is almost completely dependent on the time at which the goods issue is posted in the system. If, for example, an invoice receipt is posted in the system after a goods issue was entered, that invoice value is not reflected in the value of the material issued. The material is therefore not valuated with its actual procurement cost. The moving average price also does little to guarantee consistent cost management of your production process. The effect of changes in the production process, for example, are not recognizable in the finished product, and comparing results from different areas in Profitability Analysis is not really meaningful due to lack of a benchmark. The fact that the moving average price is not dependent on the period can also lead to incorrect material valuation, as goods movements that are posted to a previous period are not valuated with the price from that period, but rather with the current moving average price. Another problem with the moving average price is that any mistake entering data can cause immediate and unwanted changes in the material price. Any goods issues posted following this error will be valuated immediately with this incorrect material price. In particular, the moving average price can lead to unrealistic material prices in cases of multi-level production or when there are variances that do not appear immediately. Such unrealistic prices occur, for example, when, in the context of stock coverage, a subsequent adjustment to the material stock occurs using an incorrect base quantity. Material Ledger When using the application component Material Ledger, you only use the standard price as a preliminary valuation price in the current period. At the end of the period, you can use this component to calculate an average price for the material using the actual costs incurred in that period. You can then use this average price to valuate the material stock in the period in question. Hint : If you use Material Ledger, you should also use standard price control of raw materials and trading goods to ensure consistent cost management of your production process. Only in this way are variances completely transparent within production. In Summary The problems described above show that the moving average price, despite its advantages can lead to problems. In particular, the moving average price can cause unrealistic valuations of material inventory when materials are produced in-house or when variances do not appear immediately. On the other hand, the standard price does not take any actual procurement costs into account, which can be a problem, for example, with externally procured materials with highly variable prices. Recommendation Moving Average Price: It should be used only in Trading Goods, but not in Raw Materials. Standard Price: It must be used for Semi-Finished, Finished Goods and Raw Materials. Price S Price V References: SAP (www.sap.com ); SAP Support (support.sap.com ); SAP Help (help.sap.com ); SAP Blog (blogs.sap.com )

The market for Data Brokers dealing personal data has a prominent role in the global economy. The increasing volume of personal data collection can build strong and accurate population profiles.You probably know some of the main Data Brokers: Experian, TransUnion, Equifax, CoreLogic, Epsilon, Acxiom​. Global Market Data Broker Experian | UK Credit Score Segmentation True Size of Countries Geographic Information Data Brokers The market for Data Brokers dealing personal data has a prominent role in the global economy. The increasing volume of personal data collection can build strong and accurate population profiles. The analysis of consumer groups and segments helps organizations to: Targeted offers Prospection Monetization of the customer portfolio Targeted communication Statistical modeling Market study (such as profile and consumption analysis) Geomarketing You probably know some of the main Data Brokers : Experian TransUnion Equifax CoreLogic Epsilon Acxiom Experian | UK Credit Score Segmentation Experian has a services called Mosaic. Mosaic is a comprehensive cross-channel consumer classification that groups together individuals likely to share similar demographics, lifestyles and behaviours into 15 summary groups and 66 detailed types by codes and names. Group Codes Groups Segment Codes Segments A City Prosperity A01 World-Class Wealth A02 Uptown Elite A03 Penthouse Chic A04 Metro High-Flyers B Prestige Positions B05 Premium Fortunes B06 Diamond Days B07 Alpha Families B08 Bank of Mum and Dad B09 Empty-Nest Adventure C Country Living C10 Wealthy Landowners C11 Rural Vogue C12 Scattered Homesteads C23 Village Retirement D Rural Reality D14 Satellite Settlers D15 Local Focus D16 Outlying Seniors C17 Far-Flung Outposts E Senior Security E18 Legacy Elders E19 Bungalow Haven E20 Classic Grandparents E21 Solo Retirees F Suburban Stability F22 Boomerang Boarders F23 Family Ties F24 Fledgling Free F25 Dependable Me G Domestic Success G26 Cafes and Catchments G27 Thriving Independence G28 Penthouse Chic G29 Mid-Career Convention H Aspiring Homemakers H30 Primary Ambitions H31 Affordable Fringe H32 First-Rung Futures H33 Contemporary Starts H34 New Foundations H35 Flying Solo I Family Basics I36 Solid Economy I37 Budget Generations I38 Economical Families I39 Families on a Budget J Transient Renters J40 Value Rentals J41 Youthful Endeavours J42 Midlife Renters J43 Renting Rooms K Municipal Tenants K44 Inner City Stalwarts K45 City Diversity K46 High Rise Residents K47 Single Essentials K48 Mature Workers L Vintage Value L49 Flatlet Seniors L50 Pocket Pensions L51 Retirement Communities L52 Estate Veterans L53 Seasoned Survivors M Modest Traditions M54 Down-to-Earth Owners M55 Back with the Folks M56 Self Supporters N Urban Cohesion N57 Community Elders N58 Culture & Comfort N59 Large Family Living N60 Ageing Access O Rental Hubs O61 Career Builders O62 Central Pulse O63 Flexible Workforce O64 Bus-Route Renters O65 Learners & Earners O66 Student Scene True Size of Countries The Mercator projection is a cylindrical map projection and it became the standard map projection for navigation because it is unique in representing north as up and south as down everywhere while preserving local directions and shapes. As a side effect, the Mercator projection inflates the size of objects away from the equator. In the transformation of a curved structure to the plane, a kind of deformation occurs so that there are the necessary adjustments to fit the object of study in that proposed form. Geographi c Information Check all the information in the table below. Country Land Area (Km²) Population Density (P/Km²) Afghanistan 652.860 42.239.854 65 Albania 27.400 2.832.439 103 Algeria 2.381.740 45.606.480 19 Andorra 470 80.088 170 Angola 1.246.700 36.684.202 29 Antigua and Barbuda 440 94.298 214 Argentina 2.736.690 45.773.884 17 Armenia 28.470 2.777.970 98 Australia 7.682.300 26.439.111 3 Austria 82.409 8.958.960 109 Azerbaijan 82.658 10.412.651 126 Bahamas 10.010 412.623 41 Bahrain 760 1.485.509 1.955 Bangladesh 130.170 172.954.319 1.329 Barbados 430 281.995 656 Belarus 202.910 9.498.238 47 Belgium 30.280 11.686.140 386 Belize 22.810 410.825 18 Benin 112.760 13.712.828 122 Bhutan 38.117 787.424 21 Bolivia 1.083.300 12.388.571 11 Bosnia and Herzegovina 51 3.210.847 63 Botswana 566.730 2.675.352 5 Brazil 8.358.140 216.422.446 26 Brunei 5.270 452.524 86 Bulgaria 108.560 6.687.717 62 Burkina Faso 273.600 23.251.485 85 Burundi 25.680 13.238.559 516 Côte d'Ivoire 318 28.873.034 91 Cabo Verde 4.030 598.682 149 Cambodia 176.520 16.944.826 96 Cameroon 472.710 28.647.293 61 Canada 9.093.510 38.781.291 4 Central African Republic 622.980 5.742.315 9 Chad 1.259.200 18.278.568 15 Chile 743.532 19.629.590 26 China 9.388.211 1.425.671.352 152 Colombia 1.109.500 52.085.168 47 Comoros 1.861 852.075 458 Congo (Congo-Brazzaville) 341.500 6.106.869 18 Costa Rica 51.060 5.212.173 102 Croatia 55.960 4.008.617 72 Cuba 106.440 11.194.449 105 Cyprus 9.240 1.260.138 136 Czechia (Czech Republic) 77.240 10.495.295 136 Democratic Republic of the Congo 2.267.050 102.262.808 45 Denmark 42.430 5.910.913 139 Djibouti 23.180 1.136.455 49 Dominica 750 73.040 97 Dominican Republic 48.320 11.332.972 235 Ecuador 248.360 18.190.484 73 Egypt 995.450 112.716.598 113 El Salvador 20.720 6.364.943 307 Equatorial Guinea 28.050 1.714.671 61 Eritrea 101 3.748.901 37 Estonia 42.390 1.322.765 31 Eswatini (fmr. "Swaziland") 17.200 1.210.822 70 Ethiopia 1.000.000 126.527.060 127 Fiji 18.270 936.375 51 Finland 303.890 5.545.475 18 France 547.557 64.756.584 118 Gabon 257.670 2.436.566 9 Gambia 10.120 2.773.168 274 Georgia 69.490 3.728.282 54 Germany 348.560 83.294.633 239 Ghana 227.540 34.121.985 150 Greece 128.900 10.341.277 80 Grenada 340 126.183 371 Guatemala 107.160 18.092.026 169 Guinea 245.720 14.190.612 58 Guinea-Bissau 28.120 2.150.842 76 Guyana 196.850 813.834 4 Haiti 27.560 11.724.763 425 Holy See - 518 1.295 Honduras 111.890 10.593.798 95 Hungary 90.530 10.156.239 112 Iceland 100.250 375.318 4 India 2.973.190 1.428.627.663 481 Indonesia 1.811.570 277.534.122 153 Iran 1.628.550 89.172.767 55 Iraq 434.320 45.504.560 105 Ireland 68.890 5.056.935 73 Israel 21.640 9.174.520 424 Italy 294.140 58.870.762 200 Jamaica 10.830 2.825.544 261 Japan 364.555 123.294.513 338 Jordan 88.780 11.337.052 128 Kazakhstan 2.699.700 19.606.633 7 Kenya 569.140 55.100.586 97 Kiribati 810 133.515 165 Kuwait 17.820 4.310.108 242 Kyrgyzstan 191.800 6.735.347 35 Laos 230.800 7.633.779 33 Latvia 62.200 1.830.211 29 Lebanon 10.230 5.353.930 523 Lesotho 30.360 2.330.318 77 Liberia 96.320 5.418.377 56 Libya 1.759.540 6.888.388 4 Liechtenstein 160 39.584 247 Lithuania 62.674 2.718.352 43 Luxembourg 2.590 654.768 253 Madagascar 581.795 30.325.732 52 Malawi 94.280 20.931.751 222 Malaysia 328.550 34.308.525 104 Maldives 300 521.021 1.737 Mali 1.220.190 23.293.698 19 Malta 320 535.064 1.672 Marshall Islands 180 41.996 233 Mauritania 1.030.700 4.862.989 5 Mauritius 2.030 1.300.557 641 Mexico 1.943.950 128.455.567 66 Micronesia 700 544.321 778 Moldova 32.850 3.435.931 105 Monaco 1 36.297 24.360 Mongolia 1.553.560 3.447.157 2 Montenegro 13.450 626.485 47 Morocco 446.300 37.840.044 85 Mozambique 786.380 33.897.354 43 Myanmar (formerly Burma) 653.290 54.577.997 84 Namibia 823.290 2.604.172 3 Nauru 20 12.780 639 Nepal 143.350 30.896.590 216 Netherlands 33.720 17.618.299 522 New Zealand 263.310 5.228.100 20 Nicaragua 120.340 7.046.310 59 Niger 1.266.700 27.202.843 21 Nigeria 910.770 223.804.632 246 North Korea 120.410 26.160.821 217 North Macedonia 25.220 2.085.679 83 Norway 365.268 5.474.360 15 Oman 309.500 4.644.384 15 Pakistan 770.880 240.485.658 312 Palau 460 18.058 39 Palestine State 6.020 5.371.230 892 Panama 74.340 4.468.087 60 Papua New Guinea 452.860 10.329.931 23 Paraguay 397.300 6.861.524 17 Peru 1.280.000 34.352.719 27 Philippines 298.170 117.337.368 394 Poland 306.230 41.026.067 134 Portugal 91.590 10.247.605 112 Qatar 11.610 2.716.391 234 Romania 230.170 19.892.812 86 Russia 16.376.870 144.444.359 9 Rwanda 24.670 14.094.683 571 Saint Kitts and Nevis 260 47.755 184 Saint Lucia 610 180.251 295 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 390 103.698 266 Samoa 2.830 225.681 80 San Marino 60 33.642 561 Sao Tome and Principe 960 231.856 242 Saudi Arabia 2.149.690 36.947.025 17 Senegal 192.530 17.763.163 92 Serbia 87.460 7.149.077 82 Seychelles 460 107.66 234 Sierra Leone 72.180 8.791.092 122 Singapore 700 6.014.723 8.592 Slovakia 48.088 5.795.199 121 Slovenia 20.140 2.119.675 105 Solomon Islands 27.990 740.424 26 Somalia 627.340 18.143.378 29 South Africa 1.213.090 60.414.495 50 South Korea 97.230 51.784.059 533 South Sudan 610.952 11.088.796 18 Spain 498.800 47.519.628 95 Sri Lanka 62.710 21.893.579 349 Sudan 1.765.048 48.109.006 27 Suriname 156 623.236 4 Sweden 410.340 10.612.086 26 Switzerland 39.516 8.796.669 223 Syria 183.630 23.227.014 126 Tajikistan 139.960 10.143.543 72 Tanzania 885.800 67.438.106 76 Thailand 510.890 71.801.279 141 Timor-Leste 14.870 1.360.596 91 Togo 54.390 9.053.799 166 Tonga 720 107.773 150 Trinidad and Tobago 5.130 1.534.937 299 Tunisia 155.360 12.458.223 80 Turkey 769.630 85.816.199 112 Turkmenistan 469.930 6.516.100 14 Tuvalu 30 11.396 380 Uganda 199.810 48.582.334 243 Ukraine 579.320 36.744.634 63 United Arab Emirates 83.600 9.516.871 114 United Kingdom 241.930 67.736.802 280 United States of America 9.147.420 339.996.563 37 Uruguay 175.020 3.423.108 20 Uzbekistan 425.400 35.163.944 83 Vanuatu 12.190 334.506 27 Venezuela 882.050 28.838.499 33 Vietnam 310.070 98.858.950 319 Yemen 527.970 34.449.825 65 Zambia 743.390 20.569.737 28 Zimbabwe 386.850 16.665.409 43 References: Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.org ); World O Meters (www.worldometers.info ); Experian (www.experian.co.uk )