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Topics: SAP Project Roadmap | Period End Closing Activity Period End Closing Activities Seq Transaction Description Module Process Category Frequency Reference Business Process SAP Path 001 S_BCE_68000174 Update Exchange Rates FI Central activities Daily / Monthly Period End Closing Financial Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> General Ledger -> Environment -> Current Settings -> S_BCE_68000174 - Enter Translation Rates 002 VL10C Reviewing Sales Orders Due for Delivery SD Check Invoices (vendors, customers) Montly Closing Operations SD Logistics -> Logistics Execution -> Outbound Process -> Goods Issue for Outbound Delivery -> Outbound Delivery -> Create -> Collective Processing of Documents Due for Delivery -> Sales Order Items 003 V_UC Reviewing Incomplete SD Documents (Deliveries) SD Check Invoices (vendors, customers) Daily Closing Operations SD Logistics -> Sales and Distribution ->Shipping and transportation -> Outbound Delivery -> Lists and Logs -> Incomplete Outbound Deliveries 004 VKM1 Reviewing Blocked Sales Orders SD Check Invoices (vendors, customers) Daily Closing Operations SD Logistics -> Sales and Distribution -> Credit Management -> Exceptions -> VKM1 – Blocked SD Documents 005 V_SA Reviewing Log of Collective Delivery Creation SD Check Invoices (vendors, customers) Daily Closing Operations SD Logistics -> Sales and Distribution ->Shipping and transportation -> Outbound Delivery -> Lists and Logs -> V_SA - Collective Processing Log 006 V23 Review Sales Documents blocked for billing SD Check Invoices (vendors, customers) Daily Closing Operations SD Logistics -> Sales and Distribution -> Sales -> Information System -> Worklists -> Sales Documents Blocked For Billing 007 VF04 Review Billing Due List SD Check Invoices (vendors, customers) Daily / Monthly Closing Operations SD Logistics -> Sales and Distribution -> Billing -> Billing Document -> Billing -> Billing Document -> VF04 - Process Billing Due List 008 V.21 Reviewing Log of Collective Invoice Creation SD Check Invoices (vendors, customers) Daily Closing Operations SD Logistics -> Sales and Distribution -> Billing -> Billing Documents -> Log of Collective Run 009 VFX3 Reviewing List Blocked (for Accounting) Billing Documents SD Check Invoices (vendors, customers) Daily / Monthly Closing Operations SD Logistics -> Sales and Distribution -> Billing -> Billing Document -> Billing -> Billing Document -> VFX3 - Blocked Billing Docs 010 COGI Ensuring Goods Movement are Complete PP Check Invoices (vendors, customers) Montly Period End Closing "general" (Plant) Logistics -> Production - Process -> Process Order -> Environment -> Material Movement -> COGI - Failed Goods Movements 011 CO16N Ensuring Production Transactions are Complete PP Check Invoices (vendors, customers) Montly Period End Closing "general" (Plant) Logistics -> Plant Maintenance -> Maintenance Processing -> Capacity Requirements Planning -> Leveling -> General -> Requirements -> Confirmation -> Reprocessing -> CO16N - Confirmations 012 S_ALR_87012342 Gaps in Document Number Assignment FI Check Invoices (vendors, customers) Daily / Monthly Period End Closing Financial Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> General Ledger -> Information System -> General Ledger Reports (New) -> Document -> General -> S_ALR_87012342 - Gaps in Document Number Assignment 013 S_ALR_87012341 Invoice Numbers Allocated Twice FI Check Invoices (vendors, customers) Daily / Monthly Period End Closing Financial Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> General Ledger -> Information System -> General Ledger Reports (New) -> Document -> General -> S_ALR_87012341 - Invoice Numbers Allocated Twice 014 MMPV Open Period for Material Master Records MM Period Change Montly Period End Closing "general" (Plant) Logistics -> Production Process -> Process Order -> Environment -> Master Data -> Material Master -> Other -> MMPV 015 OB52 Open and Close Posting Periods FI Period Change Montly Period End Closing Financial Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> General Ledger -> Environment -> Current Settings -> S_ALR_87003642 - Open and Close Posting Periods 016 CO43 Actual Overheads Calculaton Prod. Order CO Production orders Montly Period End Closing "general" (Plant) Logistics -> Production -> Shop Floor Control -> Period-End Closing -> Overhead Calculation -> CO43 - Collective Processing 017 CO8A Preliminary settlement for co-product CO Production orders Montly Period End Closing "general" (Plant) Logistics -> Production -> Shop Floor Control -> Period-End Processing -> Preliminary Settlement for Co-Products, Rework -> Collective Processing (CO8A) 018 KKAO WIP Calculation PP Order CO Production orders Montly Period End Closing "general" (Plant) Logistics -> Production -> Shop Floor Control -> Period-End Closing -> Work in Process -> Collective Processing -> KKAO - Determine Posting Periods 019 KKAQ Display work in process CO Production orders Montly Period End Closing "general" (Plant) Logistics -> Production -> Shop Floor Control -> Period-End Closing -> Work in Process -> Collective Processing -> KKAQ - Display 020 KKS1 Prod. and Process Order Variance Calculation CO Production orders Montly Period End Closing "general" (Plant) Logistics -> Production -> Shop Floor Control -> Period-End Closing -> Variances -> KKS1 - Collective Processing 021 KKS5 Product Cost Collector Variance Calculation CO Production orders Montly Period End Closing "general" (Plant) Logistics -> Production ->Repetitive Manufacturing -> Environment -> Period-end Closing for Prod.Cost Collector -> Variances -> KKS5 - Collective Processing 022 CO88 Settling Variances CO Production orders Montly Period End Closing "general" (Plant) Logistics -> Production -> Shop Floor Control -> Period-End Closing -> Settlement -> CO88 - Collective Processing 023 CO02 Closing Completed Production Orders PP Production orders Montly Period End Closing "general" (Plant) Logistics -> Plant Maintenance -> Maintenance Processing -> Capacity Requirements Planning -> Leveling -> General -> Requirements -> Production Order -> Order -> CO02 - Change 024 COOIS Production Order Information System PP Production orders Montly Period End Closing "general" (Plant) Logistics -> Production - Process -> Process Order -> Reporting -> Order Information System -> COOISPI - Process Order Information System 025 FBD1 Enter Recurring Document FI FI Closing with CO Postings Montly Period End Closing Financial Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> General Ledger -> Posting -> Reference Documents -> FBD1 - Recurring Document 026 F.14 Post Recurring Document FI FI Closing with CO Postings Montly Period End Closing Financial Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> General Ledger -> Periodic Processing -> Recurring Entries ->F.14 - Execute 027 SM35 Post Recurring Document with BI FI FI Closing with CO Postings Montly Period End Closing Financial Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> General Ledger -> Periodic Processing -> Recurring Entries ->F.14 - Execute 028 F.13 Automatic GR/IR Clearing MM FI Closing with CO Postings Montly Period End Closing Financial Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> General Ledger -> Periodic Processing -> Automatic Clearing -> F.13 - Without Specification of Clearing Currency 029 F.19 Analyse GR/IR Clearing Accounts FI FI Closing with CO Postings Montly Period End Closing Financial Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> General Ledger -> Periodic Processing -> Closing -> Reclassify -> F.19 - GR/IR Clearing 030 F.13 Automatic GR/IR Clearing FI FI Closing with CO Postings Montly Period End Closing Financial Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> General Ledger -> Periodic Processing -> Automatic Clearing -> F.13 - Without Specification of Clearing Currency 031 F-03 Account Maintenance: Manual Clearing FI FI Closing with CO Postings Montly Period End Closing Financial Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> General Ledger -> Account -> F-03 Clear 032 F-32 Automatic Clearing of Open Items in Customer Accounts FI FI Closing with CO Postings Montly Period End Closing Financial Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> Accounts Receivalbe -> Account -> F-32 Clear 033 F-44 Manual Clearing FI FI Closing with CO Postings Montly Period End Closing Financial Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> Accounts Payable -> Account -> F-44 Clear 034 FB50 Post Adjustment Entries FI FI Closing with CO Postings Montly Period End Closing Financial Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> General Ledger -> Posting -> FB50 - Enter G/L Account Document 035 FAGL_FC_VAL Foreign Currency Revaluation FI FI Closing with CO Postings Montly Period End Closing Financial Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> General Ledger -> Periodic Processing -> Closing -> Valuate -> FAGL_FC_VAL - Foreign Currency Valuation (New) Periods 036 KB61 Reposting of unassigned Functional area FI FI Closing with CO Postings Montly Cost of Sales Accounting Cost Accounting -> Actual Postings -> Enter Reposting of CO Line Items 037 AIAB Maintaining settlement rules for Assets under Construction FI-AA Asset Management Montly Asset Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> Fixed Assets -> Posting -> Capitalize Asset u. Const. -> AIAB - Distribute 038 AFAB Depreciation Posting Run FI-AA Asset Management Montly Asset Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> Fixed Assets -> Periodic Processing -> Depreciation Run -> AFAB - Execute 039 ASKBN Periodic Postings (APC Values Posting) FI-AA Asset Management Montly Asset Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> Fixed Assets -> Periodic Processing -> ASKB - APC Values Posting 040 S_ALR_87012936 Depreciation Simulation FI-AA Asset Management Montly Asset Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> Fixed Assets -> Information System -> Depreciation forecast -> S_ALR_87012936 - Depreciation on Capitalized Assets (Depreciation Simulation) 041 OB52 Open and Close FI Period Asset FI-AA Asset Management Montly Asset Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> Accounts Payable -> Environment -> Current Settings -> S_ALR_87003642 - Open and Close Posting Periods 042 KB31N Recording of statistical key figures CO Overhead Cost Controlling Montly Overhead Cost Accounting - Actual Accounting -> Controlling -> Cost Center Accounting -> Actual Postings -> Statistical Key Figures -> Enter 043 KSU5 Assessment of Shared Expenses CO Overhead Cost Controlling Montly Overhead Cost Accounting - Actual Accounting -> Controlling -> Period-End Closing -> Single Functions -> Allocations -> KSU5 - Assessment 044 KSU5 Running Assessment Cycle for Quality Costs CO Overhead Cost Controlling Montly Period End Closing "general" (Plant) Accounting -> Controlling -> Period-End Closing -> Single Functions -> Allocations -> KSU5 - Assessment 045 KSA3 Accrual Calculation CO Overhead Cost Controlling Montly Overhead Cost Accounting - Actual Accounting -> Controlling -> Cost Element Accounting -> Period-End Closing -> Single Functions -> KSA3 - Accrual Calculation 046 KO8G Executing Settlement R&D Internal Order CO Overhead Cost Controlling Montly R&D internal orders Actual Accounting -> Controlling -> Internal Orders -> Period-End Closing -> Single Functions -> Settlement -> KO8G - Collective Processing 047 KEU5 Performing Actual Assessment to CO-PA CO Overhead Cost Controlling Montly Period End Closing "general" (Plant) Accounting -> Controlling -> Profitability Analysis -> Actual Postings -> Period-End Closing -> Transfer Cost Center Costs/Process Costs -> KEU5 - Assessment 048 MRN0 Determination of Lowest Value for Raw Materials and Trading Goods on the Basis of Market Prices FI/CO/MM Inventory valuation Yearly Inventory Valuation for Year End Closing Warehouse Management -> Balance Sheet Valuation -> Deter. Lowest Value: Market Prices 049 KP98 Copying Inventory to Controlling Version CO Inventory valuation Yearly Inventory Valuation for Year End Closing Overhead Cost Controlling -> Planning: Cost Centers -> Copy Actual to Plan 050 S_ALR_87099918 Posting Book Depreciation CO Inventory valuation Yearly Inventory Valuation for Year End Closing Accounting -> Controlling -> Cost Center Accounting -> Planning -> Planning Aids -> Transfers -> Depreciation/Interest FI-AA 051 KP90 Revaluation: Set Old Posted Values Depreciation to Zero CO Inventory valuation Yearly Inventory Valuation for Year End Closing Overhead Cost Controlling -> Planning: Cost Centers -> Planned Costs 052 KP26 Activity price planning (Version3) CO Inventory valuation Yearly Inventory Valuation for Year End Closing Overhead Cost Controlling -> Planning: Cost Centers -> Change Activity Type/Price Planning 053 KSPI Acticity price planning tarif (version 3) CO Inventory valuation Yearly Inventory Valuation for Year End Closing Accounting -> Controlling -> Cost Center Accounting -> Planning -> Allocations -> Price Calculation 054 CK11N Inventory costing CO Inventory valuation Yearly Inventory Valuation for Year End Closing Accounting -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Product Cost Planning -> Material Costing -> Cost Estimate with Quantity Structure -> Create 055 CK24 Price Update CO Inventory valuation Yearly Inventory Valuation for Year End Closing Accounting -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Product Cost Planning -> Material Costing -> Price Update 056 FB50 Stock value adjustment FI Inventory valuation Yearly Inventory Valuation for Year End Closing Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> General Ledger -> Document Entry -> Enter G/L Account Document 057 OKP1 Period Lock CO Period Change Montly Overhead Cost Accounting - Actual Accounting -> Controlling -> Cost Element Accounting -> Environment -> Period Lock -> OKP1 - Change 058 ENGR Create Intrastat / Extrastat periodic declaration SD SD-Reporting Montly Foreign Trade Export Processing Logistics -> Sales and Distribution -> Foreign Trade/Customs -> Periodic Declarations -> Cockpit -> Periodic Declarations 059 S_ALR_87012357 Advance Return for Tax on Sales/Purchases FI FI-Reporting Montly Period End Closing Financial Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> General Ledger -> Reporting -> Tax Reports -> General -> Advance Return for Tax on Sales/Purchases -> S_ALR_87012357 - Advance Return for Tax on Sales/Purchases 060 FB41 Post Tax Payable FI FI-Reporting Montly Period End Closing Financial Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> General Ledger -> Periodic Processing -> Closing -> Report -> Post Tax Payable 061 S_ALR_87012400 EC Sales List FI FI-Reporting Montly Period End Closing Financial Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> General Ledger -> Reporting -> EC Sales List -> General -> EC Sales List 062 S_ALR_87012405 Foreign Trade Regulation Reports Z4 FI FI-Reporting Montly Period End Closing Financial Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> General Ledger -> Reporting -> German Foreign Trade Regulations -> Germany -> Foreign Trade Regulation Reports Z4 063 S_ALR_87012162 Foreign Trade Regulation Reports Z5A FI FI-Reporting Montly Period End Closing Financial Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> Accounts Payable -> Reporting -> Germany -> German Foreign Trade Regulations Report Z5A 064 FAGLF03 Comparative Analysis FI FI-Reporting Montly Period End Closing Financial Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> General ledger -> Periodic Processing -> Closing à Check/Count -> Reconciliation (New) 065 F.52 Balance Interest Calculaton FI FI-Reporting Montly Period End Closing Financial Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> General Ledger -> Periodic Processing -> Interest Calculation -> F.52 - Balance Interest Calculation 066 S_ALR_87012289 Compact Document Journal FI FI-Reporting Daily / Monthly Period End Closing Financial Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> General Ledger -> Information System -> General Ledger Reports (New) -> Document -> General -> S_ALR_87012289 - Compact Document Journal 067 S_ALR_87012287 Document Journal FI FI-Reporting Montly Period End Closing Financial Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> General Ledger -> Information System -> General Ledger Reports (New) -> Document -> General -> S_ALR_87012287 - Document Journal 068 FF7A Cash Position & Liquidity Forecast FI FI-Reporting Daily / Monthly Cash Management Accounting -> Financial Supply Chain Management -> Cash and Liquidity Management -> Cash Management -> Information System -> Reports for Cash management -> Liquidity Analisys -> FF7A - Cash Position 069 OB52 Open and Close Posting Periods FI Period Change Montly Period End Closing Financial Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> General Ledger -> Environment -> Current Settings ->Open and Close Posting Periods 070 KE30 Runing Profitability Report CO CO-Reporting Montly Period End Closing "general" (Plant) Profitability Analysis -> Reporting -> Execute Profitability Report 071 S_ALR_87012284 Financial Statements FI FI-Reporting Montly Period End Closing Financial Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> General Ledger -> Periodic Processing -> Closing -> Report -> General Ledger Reports (New) -> Financial Statement / Cash Flow -> General -> Actual/Actual Comparisons -> S_ALR_87012284 - Financial Statement 072 SCAL Create Factory Calendar for New Year Cross Year Change Yearly Period End Closing Financial Accounting Logistics -> Sales and Distribution -> Master Data -> Others -> Billing Schedule 073 S_ALR_87005830 Controlling Maintain Versions CO Year Change Yearly Overhead Cost Accounting - Actual Customizing: SAP NetWeaver -> General Settings -> Maintain Calendar 074 CK40N Costing Run CO Year Change Yearly Standard Cost Calculation Accounting -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Product Cost Planning -> Material Costing -> Costing Run -> Edit Costing Run 075 S_ALR_87008275 Actual Overheads Calculation Production Order CO Year Change Yearly Period End Closing "general" (Plant) Controlling -> Cost Center Accounting -> Actual Postings -> Period End Closing -> Overhead -> Costing Sheet components -> Define Percentage Overhead Rates 076 AFAR Recalculating Values FI-AA Year Change Yearly Asset Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> Fixed Assets -> Environment -> AFAR - Recalculate Values 077 ABST2 Account Reconciliation FI-AA Year Change Yearly Asset Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> Fixed Assets -> Periodic Processing -> Year-End Closing -> ABST2 - Account Reconciliation 078 AJRW Fiscal Year Change FI-AA Year Change Yearly Asset Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> Fixed Assets -> Periodic Processing -> AJRW - Fiscal Year Change 079 AJAB Year-End Closing FI-AA Year Change Yearly Asset Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> Fixed Assets -> Periodic Processing -> Year-End Closing -> AJAB - Execute 080 F.07 Carry Forward AP/AR Balances FI Year Change Yearly Period End Closing Financial Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> Accounts Receivable -> Periodic Processing -> Closing -> Carry Forward -> F.07 - Balance Carryforward 081 FAGLGVTR Carry Forward GL Balances FI Year Change Yearly Period End Closing Financial Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> General Ledger -> Periodic Processing -> Closing -> Carry Forward -> FAGLGVTR - Balance Carryforward (New) 082 FAGLF101 Regrouping Receivables/Payables FI Year Change Yearly Period End Closing Financial Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> Accounts Receivable (or Accounts Payable) -> Periodic Processing -> Closing -> Reclassify -> Sorting / Reclassify (New) 083 F.17 Balance Confirmation Receivable FI Year Change Yearly Period End Closing Financial Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> Accounts Receivable -> Periodic Processing -> Print Correspondence -> Balance Confirmations -> F.17 - Print Letters 084 F.18 Balance Confirmation Payable FI Year Change Yearly Period End Closing Financial Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> Accounts Payable -> Periodic Processing -> Print Correspondence -> Balance Confirmations -> F.18 - Print Letters 085 OB52 Close previous account period FI Year Change Yearly Period End Closing Financial Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> General Ledger -> Environment -> Current Settings -> S_ALR_87003642 - Open and Close Posting Periods 086 S_ALR_87012284 Financial Statements FI FI-Reporting Yearly Period End Closing Financial Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> General Ledger -> Periodic Processing -> Closing -> Report -> General Ledger Reports (New) -> Financial Statement / Cash Flow -> General -> Actual/Actual Comparisons -> S_ALR_87012284 - Financial Statement 087 S_ALR_87012287 Document Journal FI FI-Reporting Yearly Period End Closing Financial Accounting Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> General Ledger -> Information System -> General Ledger Reports (New) -> Document -> General -> S_ALR_87012287 - Document Journal References: SAP (www.sap.com ); SAP Support (support.sap.com ); SAP Help (help.sap.com ); SAP Blog (blogs.sap.com )

SAP NFe fully supports vaccination and a safe business environment, respecting and supporting people's lives. If you are not feeling well, follow the public health guidelines posted in your community. Stay home, stay safe, take care of each other and your community. SAP NFe Take Care Today, Be Safe Tomorrow Health Policy SAP NFe fully supports vaccination and a safe business environment, respecting and supporting people's lives. If you are not feeling well, follow the public health guidelines posted in your community. Stay home, stay safe, take care of each other and your community. If you are in need, please, seek support at UK NHS National Health Service https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vaccinations/ US CDC Centers for Disease Control https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/ BR SUS Health Unic System https://www.gov.br/saude/

Before starting any negotiation with new UK business partners, it is always recommended to be safe and do some background checks on the company. You can do that thanks to Companies House. Business in United Kingdom UK Limited Company Public Information Checking UK VAT Number FSCS Financial Services Compensation Scheme ICO Information Commissioner’s Office UK Foreign Travel Advice UK Limited Company Public Information Before starting any negotiation with new UK business partners, it is always recommended to be safe and do some background checks on the company. You can do that thanks to Companies House. Companies House is an executive agency, sponsored by the DBT (Department for Business and Trade). They incorporate and dissolve limited companies, registering their information and make it available to the public. Path : https://www.gov.uk/get-information-about-a-company Get Information About a Company You can get details about a company for free, including: company information, for example registered address and date of incorporation current and resigned officers document images mortgage charge data previous company names insolvency information You just need to access the link above and click the green "Start " bottom. https://www.gov.uk/get-information-about-a-company Search the Register You can find a company using one of these information: Company Name Company Number Officer Name https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/ Current features include File abridged or full accounts Change a registered office address View company data and document images Search for disqualified directors Order certificates and certified documents Follow companies Infomation Available Overview Filling History People (e.g., Director, Secretary) Charges More The Filing History can be Filter by Categories: Accounts Capital Charges Confirmation Statements / Annual Returns Incorporation Officers Incorporation In the filing history, filtered by incorporation, it is possible to check all incorporation information, like: Share Capital Share Capital You can see in the example the company was incorporated with a share capital of £10K pounds. Accounts In the filing history, filtered by accounts, it is possible to check all the accounts, like: Balance Sheet Profit and Loss Cash Flow Many other Information Balance Sheet This is a example of balance sheet filed, showing: Fixed Assets Tangible Assets Current Assets Debitors Due < 1 Year Debitors Due > 1 Year Cash at the Bank and In Hand Creditors Due < 1 Year Net Current Assets Total Assets Less Current Liability Provisions for Liabilities Deferred Tax Liability Net Assets Capital and Reservers Called Up Share Capital Profit and Loss Reserves Total Equity Other Useful Tools Company name availability : https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company-name-availability Alphabetical company search: https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/alphabetical-search Dissolved company search: https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/dissolved-search Bankruptcy, Insolvency and Disqualified Company Directors Search the bankruptcy and insolvency register: https://www.gov.uk/search-bankruptcy-insolvency-register Search for disqualified company directors: https://www.gov.uk/search-the-register -of-disqualified-company-directors Checking UK VAT Number You can also verify the UK VAT Number provided by your vendors and customer. Path : https://www.gov.uk/check-uk-vat-number VAT Number Just inform the VAT Number and click "Search". VAT is a 9 or 12 digit number, sometimes starting with GB. Valid UK VAT Number You will be able to see the valid number information, registered business name and the registered business address. FSCS Financial Services Compensation Sc heme The FSCS is the UK's statutory compensation scheme for customers of UK authorised financial services firms. This means that FSCS can step in to pay compensation if a firm is unable, or likely to be unable, to pay claims against it. Before you invest or deposit money in a institution, check in the FSCS Check, if the institution is a authorized firm and it is cover by FSCS. Path : https://www.fscs.org.uk/check/ Step by Step Access the FSCS Checker page Choose what you want to check, in the picture it was choose Banks Inform the name of the institution and select the right one. Informe the amount that you are planning to deposit, in this example, it was £100,000.00 And click in "Check Now" And the FSCS will show you how much you are protect. That means the limit of their coverage for that kind of institution, and how much is not. In this case £15,000.00 is at risk. And the reason why. In this case Banks in UK are protect up to £85,000.00 ICO Information Commissioner’s Office The Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) is the UK's independent regulator for data protection and information rights. ICO Data Protection fee is mandatory for most businesses, organizations, and sole traders that process personal data: Who needs to pay : You must pay the fee if you're a business, organization, or sole trader that processes personal data electronically When to pay : You must pay the fee unless you're exempt What the fee funds : The fee funds the ICO's work What the fee shows : Paying the fee shows that you take data protection seriously and value your customers' information What the fee amount is : The amount you pay depends on the size of your organization. Most companies pay £40 or £60 per year, while large organizations pay £2,900 What happens if you don't pay : If you need to pay and don't, you could be fined Purpose The ICO's mission is to uphold information rights for the public in the digital age. They do this by: Educating organizations on how to use personal data Taking action against organizations that don't comply with the law Helping individuals understand and exercise their rights Working with other regulators to improve information rights standards Services The ICO offers guidance and resources for organizations, including: Public bodies Private and third sector organizations Sole traders For the public The ICO provides information about data protection and information rights, including: How to make a SAR (Subject Access request is a right that allows individuals to request a copy of their personal data, or to understand how and why their data is being used) How to make an FOI request (The Freedom of Information Act gives the public the right to request recorded information from public authorities) Domestic CCTV and data protection Protecting yourself against nuisance marketing Register of data protection fee payers : https://ico.org.uk/ESDWebPages/Search Register of Data Protection You can search for: Registration Reference Name Address Postcode And you can see if the company is paying the fee for the ICO ICO ICO Search ICO ICO Entry List ICO ICO Search 1/2 UK Foreign T rave l Advice Get advice about travelling abroad, including the latest information on coronavirus, safety and security, entry requirements and travel warnings, direct from HMRC. There are some important contents, like : Summary Coronavirus Safety and security (Important! Check it before traveling ) Crime Pickpocketing Robbery Vehicle Crime Sexual Offences Fraud Protests Civil Unrest Others Terrorism Local laws and customs Entry requirements Health Natural disasters Money Travel advice help and support Country Link Afghanistan https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/afghanistan Albania https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/albania Algeria https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/algeria Andorra https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/andorra Angola https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/angola Anguilla https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/anguilla Antarctica/British Antarctic Territory https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/antarctica-british-antarctic-territory Antigua and Barbuda https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/antigua-and-barbuda Argentina https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/argentina Armenia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/armenia Aruba https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/aruba Australia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/australia Austria https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/austria Azerbaijan https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/azerbaijan Bahamas https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/bahamas Bahrain https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/bahrain Bangladesh https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/bangladesh Barbados https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/barbados Belarus https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/belarus Belgium https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/belgium Belize https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/belize Benin https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/benin Bermuda https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/bermuda Bhutan https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/bhutan Bolivia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/bolivia Bonaire/St Eustatius/Saba https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/bonaire-st-eustatius-saba Bosnia and Herzegovina https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/bosnia-and-herzegovina Botswana https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/botswana Brazil https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/brazil British Indian Ocean Territory https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/british-indian-ocean-territory British Virgin Islands https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/british-virgin-islands Brunei https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/brunei Bulgaria https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/bulgaria Burkina Faso https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/burkina-faso Burundi https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/burundi Cambodia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/cambodia Cameroon https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/cameroon Canada https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/canada Cape Verde https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/cape-verde Cayman Islands https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/cayman-islands Central African Republic https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/central-african-republic Chad https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/chad Chile https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/chile China https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/china Colombia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/colombia Comoros https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/comoros Congo https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/congo Cook Islands, Tokelau and Niue https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/cook-islands-tokelau-and-niue Costa Rica https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/costa-rica Côte d'Ivoire https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/cote-d-ivoire Croatia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/croatia Cuba https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/cuba Curaçao https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/curaçao Cyprus https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/cyprus Czech Republic https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/czech-republic Democratic Republic of the Congo https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/democratic-republic-of-the-congo Denmark https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/denmark Djibouti https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/djibouti Dominica https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/dominica Dominican Republic https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/dominican-republic Ecuador https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/ecuador Egypt https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/egypt El Salvador https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/el-salvador Equatorial Guinea https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/equatorial-guinea Eritrea https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/eritrea Estonia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/estonia Eswatini https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/eswatini Ethiopia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/ethiopia Falkland Islands https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/falkland-islands Fiji https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/fiji Finland https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/finland France https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/france French Guiana https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/french-guiana French Polynesia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/french-polynesia Gabon https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/gabon The Gambia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/the-gambia Georgia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/georgia Germany https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/germany Ghana https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/ghana Gibraltar https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/gibraltar Greece https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/greece Grenada https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/grenada Guadeloupe https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/guadeloupe Guatemala https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/guatemala Guinea https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/guinea Guinea-Bissau https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/guinea-bissau Guyana https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/guyana Haiti https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/haiti Honduras https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/honduras Hong Kong https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/hong-kong Hungary https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/hungary Iceland https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/iceland India https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/india Indonesia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/indonesia Iran https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/iran Iraq https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/iraq Ireland https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/ireland Israel https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/israel Italy https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/italy Jamaica https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/jamaica Japan https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/japan Jordan https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/jordan Kazakhstan https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/kazakhstan Kenya https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/kenya Kiribati https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/kiribati Kosovo https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/kosovo Kuwait https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/kuwait Kyrgyzstan https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/kyrgyzstan Laos https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/laos Latvia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/latvia Lebanon https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/lebanon Lesotho https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/lesotho Liberia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/liberia Libya https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/libya Liechtenstein https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/liechtenstein Lithuania https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/lithuania Luxembourg https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/luxembourg Macao https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/macao Madagascar https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/madagascar Malawi https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/malawi Malaysia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/malaysia Maldives https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/maldives Mali https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/mali Malta https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/malta Marshall Islands https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/marshall-islands Martinique https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/martinique Mauritania https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/mauritania Mauritius https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/mauritius Mayotte https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/mayotte Mexico https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/mexico Micronesia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/micronesia Moldova https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/moldova Monaco https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/monaco Mongolia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/mongolia Montenegro https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/montenegro Montserrat https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/montserrat Morocco https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/morocco Mozambique https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/mozambique Myanmar (Burma) https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/myanmar Namibia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/namibia Nauru https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/nauru Nepal https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/nepal Netherlands https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/netherlands New Caledonia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/new-caledonia New Zealand https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/new-zealand Nicaragua https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/nicaragua Niger https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/niger Nigeria https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/nigeria North Korea https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/north-korea North Macedonia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/north-macedonia Norway https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/norway Oman https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/oman Pakistan https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/pakistan Palau https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/palau The Occupied Palestinian Territories https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/the-occupied-palestinian-territories Panama https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/panama Papua New Guinea https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/papua-new-guinea Paraguay https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/paraguay Peru https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/peru Philippines https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/philippines Pitcairn Island https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/pitcairn-island Poland https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/poland Portugal https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/portugal Qatar https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/qatar Réunion https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/reunion Romania https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/romania Russia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/russia Rwanda https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/rwanda Samoa https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/samoa San Marino https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/san-marino São Tomé and Principe https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/sao-tome-and-principe Saudi Arabia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/saudi-arabia Senegal https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/senegal Serbia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/serbia Seychelles https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/seychelles Sierra Leone https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/sierra-leone Singapore https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/singapore Slovakia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/slovakia Slovenia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/slovenia Solomon Islands https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/solomon-islands Somalia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/somalia South Africa https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/south-africa South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/south-georgia-and-the-south-sandwich-islands South Korea https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/south-korea South Sudan https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/south-sudan Spain https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/spain Sri Lanka https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/sri-lanka St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/st-helena-ascension-and-tristan-da-cunha St Kitts and Nevis https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/st-kitts-and-nevis St Lucia https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/st-lucia St Maarten https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/st-maarten St Martin and St Barthélemy https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/st-martin-and-st-barthelemy St Pierre & Miquelon https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/st-pierre-and-miquelon St Vincent and the Grenadines https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/st-vincent-and-the-grenadines Sudan https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/sudan Suriname https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/suriname Sweden https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/sweden Switzerland https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/switzerland Syria https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/syria Taiwan https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/taiwan Hint : You can subscribe to HMRC travel advice updates by clicking on "Get Email Alerts". References: HM Revenue & Customs (www.gov.uk ); Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.org ); FSCS (www.fscs.org.uk ); ICO (https://ico.org.uk)

A method is a structured procedure for bringing about a certain goal, like acquiring knowledge or verifying knowledge claims. This normally involves various steps, like choosing a sample, collecting data from this sample, and interpreting the data. Methodologies In its most common sense, methodology is the study of research methods. However, the term can also refer to the methods themselves or to the philosophical discussion of associated background assumptions. A method is a structured procedure for bringing about a certain goal, like acquiring knowledge or verifying knowledge claims. This normally involves various steps, like choosing a sample, collecting data from this sample, and interpreting the data. The study of methods concerns a detailed description and analysis of these processes. It includes evaluative aspects by comparing different methods. This way, it is assessed what advantages and disadvantages they have and for what research goals they may be used. These descriptions and evaluations depend on philosophical background assumptions. Examples are how to conceptualize the studied phenomena and what constitutes evidence for or against them. When understood in the widest sense, methodology also includes the discussion of these more abstract issues. Methodologies to Save Time Eat The Frog The idea is that you identify one challenging task (the frog) and complete the task first thing in the morning (eating it). To put it simply, eating the frog is the process of identifying your most difficult task of the day and completing it before you do any other work. 3-3-3 Method 3 Hours Deep Work: Most critical and important things 3 Hours Shorter Tasks: Urgent tasks that you've been avoiding but need to be completed 3 Hours Maintenance Tasks: Activities to keep life in order Warren Buffett's 5/25 Rule Identify the top 25 important tasks Prioritize them by importance Only focus on the top 5 tasks Ignore the remaining 20 tasks 80/20 Rule (Pareto Principle) The 80/20 rule maintains that 80% of outcomes comes from 20% of causes. The 80/20 rule prioritizes the 20% of factors that will produce the best results. A principle of the 80/20 rule is to identify an entity's best assets and use them efficiently to create maximum value. Identify the vital 20% that will produce the best results That 20% will eliminate or reduce the trivial 80% Pomodoro Technique Decide Task Set timer 25 minutes Stop when timer goes off Take 5 minutes break After 4 cycles take 15-30 minutes break ABCDE Method Categorize tasks and execute by importance A - Most Important B - Important C - Nice To Do D - Delegate E - Eliminate MSCW Method Must-Have: Critical for project success Should-Have: Important but not critical Could-Have: Desirable, if time and resource Won't-Have: Deferred for future phases Pickle Jar Method (Glass Jar) The idea is that you should always start with your rocks (high-priority tasks), followed by your pebbles (medium-priority tasks), and then your sand (low-priority tasks). Finish off by filling the jar with water (“off” time). Do major tasks first Slot in minor tasks around the major ones Continuously assess and reprioritized tasks 1-3-5 Method The 1-3-5 Rule is a structured technique by which you can categorize your tasks into a to-do list that is proven to increase productivity. This rule asks you to accomplish 1 big mission, 3 medium tasks, and 5 small things. 1 Major Task 3 Medium Tasks 5 Small Tasks Eisenhower Matrix The Eisenhower Matrix is also known as the time management matrix, the Eisenhower Box, and the urgent-important matrix. This tool helps you divide your tasks into four categories: the tasks you'll do first, the tasks you'll schedule for later, the tasks you'll delegate, and the tasks you'll delete. Important /Urgent: Do - Tasks with clear deadlines and significance consequences if not completed in a timely fashion Important /Not Urgent: Schedule - Tasks with no set deadline but that bring you closer to your long-term goals Not Important / Urgent: Delegate - Tasks that need to get done, but don't need your expertise in order to be completed Not Important / Not Urgent: Delete - Tasks that distract you from your preferred course, and don't add any measurable value Getting Things Done Method (GTD) GTD method operates with the belief that the more information you're mentally keeping track of, the less productive and focused you are. Instead of relying on your brain, the GTD methodology encourages you to store all of your work information in an external, organized source of truth. Capture Tasks Clarify Their Meaning Organize Them Into Lists Reflect On Progress Engage With Action 2-Minute Rule The 2-Minute Rule was created to help reducing procrastination by enabling you to tackle small tasks that often get overlooked. If task is less than 2 minutes do it now If task is greater than 2 minutes delegate or defer Task Batching Technique Task batching is a productivity strategy that involves grouping similar tasks together to complete all at once. This technique can help you avoid multitasking and increase the amount of time you have to focus on tasks. Sort Similar Tasks Block Deliciated Time Do Tasks In Batches Time Batching Technique Time blocking is a time management technique where you schedule how you'll spend each day, one block at a time. For every task you need to complete, decide how much time (roughly) it'll take, and add that amount of time to your calendar. 08:00am - 11:00am: Deep Work (Your most important tasks) 11:00am - 11:30am: Quick Tasks (Emails, phone calls, etc) 11:30am - 12:30pm: Break (eat, exercise, relax) 12:30pm - 02:00pm: Important Tasks (Projects, planning, etc) 02:00pm - 04:00pm: Meetings (one-on-ones, follow ups) Agile Methodology The Agile methodology is a project management approach that involves breaking the project into phases and emphasizes continuous collaboration and improvement. Teams follow a cycle of planning, executing, and evaluating. Kanban

The stock market is a component of a free-market economy. It allows companies to raise money by offering stock shares and corporate bonds and allows investors to participate in the financial achievements of the companies, make profits through capital gains, and earn income through dividends. Investments Stock Market Overview Brazil Stock Market Investments in the UK Stock Market Overview Stock Market (also known as Stock Exchange, Share Market or Equity Market) is a regulated and controlled environment, where tranders can buy and sell shares. The stock market ensures price transparency, liquidity, price discovery, and fair dealings in trading activities, guaranteeing all interested market participants have access to data for all buy and sell orders. The stock market is a component of a free-market economy. It allows companies to raise money by offering stock shares and corporate bonds and allows investors to participate in the financial achievements of the companies, make profits through capital gains, and earn income through dividends. Shares Shares are the equivalent of ownership in a public company. The terms "shares" and "stocks" are often used interchangeably, but they represent a company differently (For example: A company issued stock and you purchased 10 shares of it. If each share represents 1% of ownership, you own 10% of the company. The company issued stock, and you bought shares of it). Warning: The shares represent ownership, not debt, there is no legal obligation for the company to reimburse the shareholders if something happens to the business. Types Of Shares Common Stock Shares | This type comes with voting rights, giving shareholders more control over the business. These rights allow the shareholders of a company to vote on specific corporate actions. Preferred Stock Shares | This type of stock typically has set payment criteria, like a dividend paid out regularly, and takes priority over common stock if the business files for bankruptcy and is forced to repay its lenders. Stockbrokers Brokers are intermediaries between the stock exchanges and the investors by buying and selling stocks. Stock Exchanges NYSE (New York Stock Exchange) Region: US Market Place: New York City Time Zone: EST/EDT (-5:00) NASDAQ (National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations) Region: US Market Place: New York City Time Zone: EST/EDT (-5:00) LSE (London Stock Exchange) Region: UK Market Place: London Time Zone: GMT/BST (+0:00) Euronext (European New Exchange Technology) Region: Europe Market Place: Amsterdam, Brussels, Dublin, Lisbon, Milan, Oslo, Paris Time Zone: CET/CEST (+1:00) ETR (Deutsche Borse AG) Region: DE Market Place: Frankfurt Time Zone: CET/CEST (+1:00) SWX (SIX Swiss Exchange) Region: CH Market Place: Zurich Time Zone: CET/CEST (+1:00) B3 (Brasil, Bolsa, Balcao - formerly know as BM&F BOVESPA) Region: BR Market Place: Sao Paulo Time Zone: GMT (-3:00) ETF The Biggest ETFs Issuers iShares Vanguard SPDR Invesco The Biggest ETFs SPY | SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust IVV | iShares Core S&P 500 ETF VOO | Vanguard 500 Index Fund ETF VTI | Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund ETF QQQ | Invesco QQQ Trust Series 1 Indexes S&P500 | Standard and Poor's 500 | It is a stock market index tracking the stock performance of 500 of the largest companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States. FTSE100 | Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 | Also called the FTSE, or, informally, the "Footsie", is a share index of the 100 companies listed on the London Stock Exchange with the highest market capitalisation. DAX40 | DAX Performance | The DAX is a stock market index consisting of the 40 major German blue chip companies trading on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. Brazil Stock Market Stock Type Codes Frequent codes 3 | Common Stock Shares (Example: "VALE3" Vale) 4 | Preferred Stock Shares (Example: "GGBR4" Gerdau) 5 | Preferred Stock Shares Class A (Example: " USIM5" Usinas Siderurgicas de Minas Gerais ) 6 | Preferred Stock Shares Class B (Example: "ELET6" Eletrobras ) 11 | Units and ETFs Units (Assets composed of more than one type of share | Example: "SANB11" Santader | Composed "SANB3" + "SANB4") ETFs (Exchange Traded Funds | Example: "BOVA11" Ibovespa Index) 34 | BDRs (Brazilian Deposits Receipts | Foreign shares traded on the Brazilian Stock Exchange | Example: "GOGL34" Alphabet Google) Not so frequent codes 1 | Subscription Right (Common Stock Shares) 2 | Subscription Right (Preferred Stock Shares) 7 | Preferred Stock Shares Class C 8 | Preferred Stock Shares Class D 9 | Subscription Receipt (Common Stock Shares) 10 | Subscription Receipt (Preferred Stock Shares) Hint: Class 5, 6, 7 and 8 shares have a different list of rules, which varies depending on the company, and such rules are described in the Bylaws. Investments in th e UK There are many different ways to invest in the UK for both residents and those overseas, from low-risk bonds to more aggressive equity shares. Overview of Available Investments ISA Savings Cash ISA Junior ISA (JISA) Stocks and Share ISA Lifetime ISA Innovative Finance ISA (IFISA) Savings Account Easy Access Account Regular Saver Account Notice Savings Account Fixed-Interest Savings Account Pension Workplace Pension Defined Contribution (DC) Defined Benefit (DB) Personal Pension Stakeholder Pension SIPP (self-invested personal pension) Investments Products Shares Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) Investment Funds / Mutual Funds Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) Bonds and Gilts Government Bonds Corporate Bonds Local Authority Bonds Green Bonds Contracts for Differences (CFDs) and Spreads CFDs Spread Betting Cryptocurrencies FAQ (Frequently asked questions) Safest Investment in the UK : Aside from cash savings accounts, the safest investment in the UK is usually considered to be government bonds. Because they are guaranteed by the British government, they have very low default risk and offer a fixed interest rate. Best Investment for Monthly Income in the UK : There are several options can be considered, although the best choice for you will depend on your indivi dual circumstances and risk tolerance. Earn the Most Interest in the UK : The highest interest rates are often found in fixed-interest savings ac counts, where you agree to lock your money away for a set period. The tradeoff for the lack of liquidity is higher interest rates than on similar savings products. Highest Returns in the UK : Shares in the stock market have offered high returns compared with other investment classes over long time periods. (For example: S&P 500 index, tracks the stock performance of 500 of the largest companies or FTSE 100 Index, which tracks the 100 largest companies listed on the stock markets) ISA Savings (Indivi dual Savings Accounts) It is a tax-efficient savings account. It is one of the most popular types of investments in the UK. Limit: Up to £20,000 per tax year Taxable: Not Taxable Protection: Subject to the Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS), which protects up to £85,000 of your money if the financial institution fails. This protection applies per person, per institution. Types of ISA Savings Cash ISA It works like a regular savings account, but with the ISA benefits. Suitable: Short-term savings goals or as an emergency fund Risk: low-risk Withdrawal: You can withdraw any time Junior ISA (JISA) It is an ISA for children under age 18 living in the UK and you can open for your child or grandchild. The money belongs to the child, and they can access it when they turn 18. Suitable: Parents and grandparent, for the future of the children Risk: low-risk Limit: Up to £9,000 per tax year Stocks and Shares ISA It is an ISA that holds investments such as shares of stocks, bonds, mutual funds, or exchange-traded funds (ETFs). It works like a regular investment account but with ISA benefits. Suitable: Long-term savings goals or as a way to grow your wealth Risk: High-risk Lifetime ISA (LISA) You can use your LISA savings to buy your first home or saving for retirement. You can hold cash or investments, or a combination of both. LISA lets you save up to £4,000 per year with the government adding a 25% bonus on top of what you save (i.e. up to £1,000 per year). Suitable: Buying first home up to £450,000 or Retirement. Risk: Cash low-risk / Investment high-risk Application Rule: If you are age 18 to 39, you can keep contributing until you are 50. After your 50th birthday you can't contribute any more. If you have cash LISA the next 10 year you will receive interest, and in case of investments LISA, the valuation of the shares. Limit: Up to £4,000 per tax year, and it is part of the overall aggregated ISA £20,000 annual allowance. (The government bonus does not count toward the £20,000 limit, so you can still get up to £1,000 of extra money every year from the Lifetime ISA bonus) Withdrawal: You can withdraw to buy a house after 12 months or on your 60th birthday. Withdrawal Penalty: If you withdraw early, you will pay a 25% withdrawal charge, which recovers the government bonus and applies a small penalty. That means you can lose money. Innovative Finance ISA (IFISA) It is a type of ISA that allows you to invest in qualified peer-to-peer lending and crowdfunding platforms, which match up investors with borrowers or businesses. Suitable: Investors due to the potentially higher returns compared with other ISA options Risk: High-risk Savings Account Savings accounts can cater to different saving habits and needs. Each comes with its own set of benefits and constraints. Taxable: Yes Protection: Subject to the Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS), which protects up to £85,000 of your money if the financial institution fails. This protection applies per person, per institution. Types of Savings account Easy Access Account It is a more flexibly savings account. You can add or withdraw funds whenever you wish, without penalties. The interest rates are usually variable and lower than those of fixed-interest accounts. Suitable: Good option if you might need to access your savings quickly Risk: low-risk Regular Saver Account It is type of savings account that encourage consistent saving habits by offering attractive interest rates to those who commit to making regular deposits. Suitable: To save bit by bit and do not need to use the money for everyday spending Risk: low-risk Limit: Usually £50 to £500 every month, but maximum deposits vary by bank. Withdrawal: It may also have restrictions on withdrawals Notice Savings Account It is a type of savings that requires you to provide a set notice period (typically 30 to 90 days) before you can withdraw your money. Suitable: This can help you resist the temptation to dip into your savings, and in return, you’re usually offered a higher interest rate than easy access accounts. Risk: low-risk Withdrawal: Usually 30 to 90 days Fixed-Interest Savings Account Fixed-interest (or fixed-rate) savings accounts are a type of savings account where your money is locked away for a specified period, usually from several months to up to five years. In return for committing your money, you’re rewarded with a fixed interest rate, typically higher than that of an easy access savings account. Suitable: For Long-term investments with higher returns Limit: Usually it will have no limit to invest. Withdrawal: Few months up to 5 years Pension A pension is a tax-efficient way of saving money for your retirement. It is form an integral part of financial planning for retirement later in life. Limit: Up to £60,000 per tax year 2023-24 (The total amount you can build up in all your pensions without facing tax charges, excluding the State Pension, is currently limited to £1,073,100) Types of pensions Workplace Pension A workplace pension, also known as an occupational, company, works, or work-based pension, is a pension scheme arranged by your employer. You, your employer, and the government all contribute to this. You contribute a certain percentage of your salary every payday, and these contributions are usually automatically deducted from your salary before tax, providing immediate tax relief. Your employer also contributes an additional sum to your pension pot, which is essentially free money toward your retirement. In addition, the government provides tax relief on your contributions. This means the money that would have gone to the government as income tax instead goes into your pension pot. For basic-rate taxpayers in the U.K., for every £40 you pay into your pension, your employer typically puts in £30, and the government will contribute an additional £10 in tax relief. There are two main types of workplace pension: Defined contribution (D.C.): A pension pot based on how much is paid in by the employee. They’re sometimes called “money purchase” pension schemes. Defined benefit (D.B.): A guaranteed pot based on your salary and how long you’ve worked for your employer. They’re sometimes called “final salary” or “career average” pension schemes. Personal Pension A personal pension is a pension that you set up for yourself. You can contribute to your personal pension regardless of your employment status. Like workplace pensions, personal pensions also offer tax relief. However, if you’re a higher-rate or additional-rate taxpayer, you’ll need to claim the additional rebate through your tax return. Suitable: It is particularly useful for the self-employed or those not enrolled in a workplace pension scheme. There are two main types of personal pension: stakeholder pensions and SIPPs: Stakeholder pensions have low and flexible minimum contributions, capped charges, and a default investment strategy, which can be helpful if you don’t want to make investment decisions. Many default investment funds feature “lifestyling.” Lifestyling is when your funds are automatically moved into lower-risk investments as you approach retirement. A SIPP (self-invested personal pension) works in a similar way but offers a wider choice of investments. You have more control over your pension pot and can invest in a range of assets, including shares, bonds, funds, and even commercial property. Investments Products Shares Shares, also known as equities or stocks, represent a portion of residual ownership in a company. Buying shares in a company means that you sort of own a small slice of that company. As a shareholder, you could potentially profit in two ways. Capital Gains: If you sell your shares for more than you paid Dividends: It is a portion of the company’s profits distributed pro rata to shareholders Shares are traded on stock exchanges, with the London Stock Exchange being one of the most prominent in the UK. Suitable: For people with a more bold profiles, who accept possible losses to have greater gains Risk: high-risk (share prices can be volatile and fluctuate due to various factors such as the company’s financial performance, economic conditions, and market sentiment) Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) Real Estate Investment Trusts are entities that own, and often operate, income-generating real estate. Investing in an REIT allows you to indirectly invest in property without having to directly own any real estate. This could be residential properties, commercial properties such as offices and shopping centers, or even specialist properties like hotels. REITs are required to distribute a majority of their taxable income to shareholders, making them an attractive option for investors seeking regular income, similar to dividend-paying stocks. Besides, they offer potential for capital growth if the value of the underlying properties increases. Suitable: For those who want to invest in real estate without having to buy a physical property Risk: high-risk (potential risk for property value decreases and rental income reductions) Investment Funds Investment funds (mutual funds) pool your money with other investors to invest in a wide range of assets, including shares, bonds, and property. Active funds: It is a type of investment fund where the investments are managed by professionals. These fund managers make decisions about where to invest the fund’s money, aiming to outperform the market or a specific benchmark. In return for this expertise, active funds generally charge higher fees than passive funds (e.g., index funds). Index funds: Also known as tracker funds in the UK, aim to replicate the performance of a specific market index, such as the FTSE 100. Rather than trying to beat the market, these funds simply try to match it. This passive management approach typically results in lower fees than active funds, making them a cost-effective way to diversify your portfolio. This shared approach can provide access to a diverse range of investments that you might not be able to afford individually, spreading the risk. Suitable: For investors who want to invest in a wide range of assets, spreading the risk Risk: high-risk Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) are investment fund shares that are traded on stock exchanges, much like individual stocks. ETFs can track a wide range of indexes, from broad market indexes to specific sectors, commodities, or even geographical regions. They offer a flexible and cost-effective way to diversify across a wide range of assets, with the added benefit of liquidity and the ability to buy or sell shares in the ETF throughout the trading day at market prices. Suitable: It is a long-term investment, for those who invest in a wide range of stocks, and spread the risk Risk: high-risk Bonds and Gilts Essentially, a bond is a loan made by an investor to a borrower, typically corporate or governmental. As an investor, when you purchase a bond, you are lending money to the issuer of the bond in return for periodic interest payments and the return of the bond’s face value when it matures. Investing in bonds can provide a predictable income and is generally considered less risky than investing in stocks. Risks: Credit risk (the risk that the issuer will default on their payments) and interest rate risk (where a rise in interest rates can cause the value of the bond to fall). Taxable: Tax and regulatory implications may vary based on the investor’s country of residence There are several types of bonds available to investors Government Bonds It is also known as “gilts,” are considered among the safest investments because they are backed by the government. They pay a fixed interest rate (known as the coupon) twice a year until they mature, at which point the investor receives the face value of the bond. The term of a gilt can range from a few years to several decades. Risk: low-risk (They are backed by the Government) Corporate Bonds It is issued by companies to raise capital for various reasons, such as funding expansion or paying off other debts. They typically offer a higher interest rate than government bonds to compensate for the additional risk, as they rely on the company’s ability to meet its financial obligations. They can be an excellent way for investors to generate regular income and diversify their portfolio. Retail bonds are a form of corporate bond issued directly to the public and can be traded on the London Stock Exchange’s Order Book for Retail Bonds (ORB). Risk: Depends on the issuer Local Authority Bonds It is issued by local governments to finance public projects. These bonds are often tax exempt and offer competitive interest rates, making them an attractive option for those looking for a balance of risk and return. Green Bonds It is a newer addition to the bond market. The proceeds from green bonds are used to fund projects with environmental benefits. They are an excellent option for socially conscious investors who want their investments to support sustainability initiatives. Contracts for Differences (CFDs) and Spreads Contracts for differences (CFDs), spread betting, and other similar financial derivatives can also offer another avenue for retail investors. However, these types of products come with a high level of risk and complexity, so they may not be suitable for everyone. Risk: high-risk (for inexperienced investors may be considered very high-risk) Taxable: Tax laws can change and may depend on individual circumstances CFDs It is a type of derivative for speculating on the prices of fast-moving global financial markets, such as shares, indexes, commodities, currencies, and treasuries. When you trade a CFD, you are agreeing to exchange the difference in price of an asset from the point at which the contract is opened to when it is closed. You never actually own the underlying asset, but you can still benefit if the market moves in your favor, or you face a loss if it moves against you. CFDs are complex instruments and come with a high risk of losing money rapidly due to leverage. While still legal, the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) has imposed limits and restrictions on the marketing, distribution, and sale of CFDs to retail consumers in the U.K. due to concerns about losses. Risk: high-risk Taxable: Yes. Capital gains tax and stamp duty Spread Betting It is another type of derivatives trading. It involves speculating on the direction of price movements. A spread betting company quotes two prices, the bid and offer price (also known as the spread), and investors bet whether the price of the underlying asset will be lower than the bid or higher than the offer. The main difference between spread betting and CFD trading is their tax treatment Risk: high-risk Taxable: No. It is free from capital gains tax and stamp duty Protection: Regulated by the FCA in the UK, and providers must meet certain standards and protections, including segregating client money. Cryptocurrencies Cryptocurrencies are a relatively new addition to the investment landscape and have gained significant attention globally, including in the U.K. They represent a form of digital or virtual currency, secured by cryptography, making them nearly impossible to counterfeit, and they can be bought and sold via online cryptocurrency exchanges. (the most well-known cryptocurrency is Bitcoin). Investing in cryptocurrencies can be appealing due to their high potential returns. However, it’s essential to understand that cryptocurrencies are highly volatile and can fluctuate in value significantly. Risk: Very high-risk Additional Risks: In addition to high volatility, other risks such as scams are frequent in the crypto market Protection: There is no protection References: HM Revenue & Customs ( www.gov.uk ); Investopedia (www.investopedia.com ); Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.org )

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Macroeconomics is a branch of economics that deals with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as a whole. This includes regional, national, and global economies.In this section we will try to cover topics in the history of macroeconomics to be taken as lessons learned of what to do and what not to do. Overview Macroeconomics is a branch of economics that deals with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as a whole. This includes regional, national, and global economies. In this section we will try to cover topics in the history of macroeconomics to be taken as lessons learned of what to do and what not to do. Fordland The Guardian coined this history as "Lost cities of Fordlandia – The failure of Henry Ford's utopian city in the Amazon" In the 1920s the US industrialist, Henry Ford, wanted to found a city based on the values that made his company a success – while, of course, producing cheap rubber. Spoiler alert : The jungle city that bore his name ended up one of his biggest failures. Location Fordlândia (in Portuguese) is a district and adjacent area of 14,268 square kilometres in the city of Aveiro, in the Brazilian state of Pará. It is located on the east banks of the Tapajós river roughly 300 kilometres south of the city of Santarém. Period / Purpose It was established in the Amazon Rainforest in 1928 as a prefabricated industrial town intended to be inhabited by 10,000 people to secure a source of cultivated rubber for the automobile manufacturing operations of the Ford Motor Company. Background Negotiations with the Brazilian government started during the visit by then-governor of the State of Pará, Dionísio Bentes, to the United States to meet Ford. An agreement was signed and the American industrialist received an area of about 10,000 km2. The agreement exempted Ford from taxes on the exportation of goods produced in Brazil in exchange for 9% of the profits (7% going to the Brazilian government and 2% of profits to local municipalities). Investments / Infrastructure With an investment of around US$2 million at the time, 2,000 people moved to the region. According to historian Greg Grandin, author of studies on Fordlândia, the place imitated all the nuances of a typically North American city, with a main shopping street, lined up houses designed in the city of Michigan, USA, sidewalks and a square central. There were also hospitals, schools, mechanical workshops, ice chambers for storing food, among other benefits that were previously rare in the region. Rules / Cultural Distance Ford, who was against drinking alcohol, wanted a perfect utopian city in the middle of the Amazon. The town had a strict set of rules imposed by the managers. Alcohol, women, tobacco and even football were forbidden within the town, including inside the workers' own homes. Inspectors (American managers) would go from house to house to check how organized the houses were and to enforce these rules. while promoting gardening, square dances and poetry readings to the site’s workers. According to sources, a menu with balanced meals was chosen by Ford himself, with oatmeal and canned peaches, imported from Michigan, for breakfast, and brown rice and whole wheat bread for dinner. Time clocks and sirens marked the working hours and the search for productivity was a trademark, which brought a certain strangeness to Brazilians at the time. The legendary businessman, however, did not count on the cultural differences between the American engineers, called upon to run the new venture, and the Brazilian rubber tappers (A cultural distance that would become the beginning of the end of the North American utopian city in the country). Riots / Revolts In 20 December 1930, at the workers’ cafe, in which skilled workers were separated from manual labourers, an argument quickly escalated and violence broke out. Workers vandalised the city, destroying generators, manufacturing equipment, and even their own homes. Fordland's managerial staff managed to escape by ship, they were eventually able to subdue the violence, but only by appealing to Pan Am air magnate to assist them by flying in Brazilian military personnel on one of his planes. According to sources, despite some agreements were made on the type of food the workers would be served, Ford did not agree to further negotiations and chose to fire the majority of the plant's workers. Downfall Even after the riots, Fordland faced some turning points: Labor Treatment Workers having to work in the middle of the day under the tropical sun, with fear of succumbing to the heat and humidity of the Amazon Rainforest Cultural differences Unfamiliar food American-style housing Lack of Tropical Agriculture Knowledge Hilly and rocky terrains/lands Protection mechanism against plagues and diseases (the rubber trees must grow apart from each other to avoid plagues) Logistical problems No roads were available in the area The area was only accessible by the Tapajos River Biological Risks Workers were affected by diseases such as yellow fever and malaria A fungus has made rubber tree plantations unusable for industry Competition New synthetic rubber made from petroleum derivatives Asian rubber plantations freed from Japanese rule with the end of World War II In the following decades, attempts were made such as relocation, opening of new factories in other regions, Autolatina creation, a joint venture with Volkswagen, but all in vain. Adding to an unfavorable economy, numerous crises and catastrophic events such as pandemics, after a hundred years, Ford left Brazil for good.

There are different types and levels of certifications. There are basically 3 levels being the associate the first level and the more easy to pass and the professional more difficult. The associate you can basically pass just studying the sap books, courses and training available by SAP, but the other levels you will need to have deeper knowledge, with more technical part, that you can only have it, after some time working as a SAP consultant. Career change guide for SAP Understanding the SAP Market When you come across opportunities in the market, you will see many different types of requirements, but you need to keep a few guidelines in mind. Interns do not need to have experience Junior Consultants do not master processes Consultants do not manage teams Senior Consultants do not make strategic decisions Certifications There are different types and levels of certifications. You can see all in the link below: Valid Certification : https://training.sap.com/certification/validity There are basically 3 levels being the associate the first level and the more easy to pass and the professional more difficul. The associate you can basically pass just stutying the sap books, courses and training available by SAP, but the other levels you will need to have deeper knowledge, with more techinical part, that you can only have it, after some time working as a SAP consultant. But dont you worry, most os the consultants has only the associate level, even the 15 years of experiences type of consultant. Level Associate Level Specialist Level Professional SAP FI Finance Certification Traning Code: C_TS4FI_2021 SAP Certified Application Associate - SAP S/4HANA for Financial Accounting Associates Level: Associate SAP Version: SAP S/4HANA 2021 Exam: 80 questions Duration: 180 mins Cut Score: 63% UK Certification Exam Price: £175.00 (GBP) + Taxes (One Attempt) Languages: German, English, Spanish, French, Japanese, Portuguese, Chinese Topic Area % Content Price Duration URL Course Financial Closing > 12% £6,810.00 10 Days [+] TS4F02 (Financial Accounting in SAP S/4HANA - Academy Part II) General Ledger Accounting > 12% £6,810.00 10 Days [+] TS4F01 (Financial Accounting in SAP S/4HANA - Academy Part I) Accounts Payable & Accounts Receivable > 12% £6,810.00 10 Days [+] TS4F01 (Financial Accounting in SAP S/4HANA - Academy Part I) Asset Accounting > 12% £6,810.00 10 Days [+] TS4F02 (Financial Accounting in SAP S/4HANA - Academy Part II) Organizational Assignments and Process Integration > 12% £6,810.00 10 Days [+] TS4F01 (Financial Accounting in SAP S/4HANA - Academy Part I) Overview and Deployment of SAP S/4HANA < 8% £6,810.00 10 Days [+] TS4F01 (Financial Accounting in SAP S/4HANA - Academy Part I) Topic Areas Content Financial Closing Perform month and year-end closing in Financial Accounting (exchange rate valuation, post provisions etc.), create balance sheet, create profit and loss statements, monitor closing operations using the Financial Closing Cockpit, post accruals with accrual documents and recurring entry documents, and manage posting periods. General Ledger Accouting Create and maintain general ledger accounts, exchange rates, bank master data and define house banks. Create and reverse general ledger transfer postings, post cross-company code transactions, create profit centers and segments. Clear an account and define and use a chart of accounts. Maintain tolerances, tax codes, and post documents with document splitting. Accounts Payable & Accounts Receivable Create and maintain business partners, post invoices and payments and use special g/l transactions, reverse invoices and payments, block open invoices for payment, configure the payment program, and manage partial payments. Define the customizing settings for the Payment Medium Workbench, use the debit balance check for handling payments, define terms of payment and payment types, explain the connection of customers to vendors, describe integration with procurement and sales. Asset Accounting Create and maintain charts of depreciation and the depreciation areas, asset classes, asset master data, and configure and perform FI-AA business processes in the SAP system. Set up valuation and depreciation, perform periodic and year-end closing processes, and explain and configure parallel accounting. Organizational Assignments and Process Integration Manage Organizational Units, currencies, configure Validations and Document Types, utilize Reporting Tools, configure Substitutions, and manage Number ranges. Overview and Deployment of SAP S/4HANA Explain the SAP HANA Architecture and describe the SAP S/4HANA scope and deployment options. SAP Training Locations UK Official Location: https://training.sap.com/training-locations/GB/London US Official Location: https://training.sap.com/training-locations/US/philadelphia-new-town-square BR Official Location (Partner): https://training.sap.com/training-locations/BR/sao-paulo-ka-solution-sap-training

We are driven by the purpose of creating value and generating impact for our clients. Helping businesses to achieve its goals and building better future. Available for SAP FI/CO Projects Greenfields, Rollouts, Improvements, POCs and Upgrades As Consultant, SME, Team Leader or Solution Architect New technologies like S/4 HANA are preferable Download CV Availability Phone SAP S/4 HANA FI 1909 SAP Design Thinking Deloitte Lean Six Sigma Belt SAP S/4 HANA FI 1909 1/6 I'm SAP S/4 FICO Solution Architect with 18+ years of experience in implementation and business integration, fitment and fulfillment for big sized projects with high complexity, able to implement and solve mission-critical business challenges. I have a full resume with successful delivered projects by providing skilled technical consulting and custom training. Years of Experience Finance 18 Years ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Controlling 18 Years ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Material Ledger 18 Years ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ CO-PC 18 Years ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ CO-PA 18 Years ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Cash Mgnt 18 Years ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Credit Mgnt 10 Years ▇▇▇▇▇ Tax 14 Years ▇▇▇▇▇▇ FM 04 Years ▇▇▇▇ ABAP 03 Years ▇▇▇ CFIN 03 Years ▇▇▇ FI-CA 01 Years ▇ Retail 04 Years ▇▇▇▇ Number of Projects Full Lifecycle 05 Prjs ▇▇▇▇▇ S/4 HANA 07 Prjs ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Greenfield 06 Prjs ▇▇▇▇▇▇ Rollout 10 Prjs ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Improvements 09 Prjs ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ Blueprints 02 Prjs ▇ QA 02 Prjs ▇▇ PoC 01 Prj ▇ Upgrades 01 Prj ▇ Industry Sectors Agribusiness 03 Prjs ▇▇▇ Automotive 01 Prj ▇ Beverage 02 Prjs ▇▇ Biotech 01 Prj ▇ Chemical 06 Prjs ▇▇▇▇▇ Cons. Goods 01 Prj ▇ Finance 01 Prj ▇ Food 02 Prjs ▇▇ Healthcare 01 Prj ▇ Manufacture 03 Prjs ▇▇▇ Media 01 Prj ▇ Mining 01 Prj ▇ Oil & Gas 01 Prj ▇ Paper 01 Prj ▇ Pharma 04 Prjs ▇▇▇▇ Metals 01 Prj ▇ Public Sector 01 Prj ▇ Retail 03 Prjs ▇▇▇ Tech. / Serv. 03 Prjs ▇▇▇ My Mission To help companies run SAP better Improving processes, running cost-effective solutions and creating value Applying best practices and bringing the system back to standard Consultancies in my Portfolio Accenture | Capgemini | Cast Group | Deloitte | Engineering | Everis | EY | iGate | Infosys | PwC | SAP Integration Skills Integration with MM, SD, PP, PS, QM, PM, BW/BI, PI/PO and PLM cProjects, to design architectural solutions in SAP and also legacy systems. Solution Skills SAP Solutions for Tax Engine, Country versions, Revenue Recognition, Legal statements, Bank communication and Consolidation. Data Migration Data Collection / Data Cleansing / Data Transformation / Data Migration SAP CFIN Central Finance Transformation LSMW Legacy System Migration (accelerated with embedded ABAP code) LMTC Legacy Transfer Migration Cockpit Industry Solutions Agribusiness | Aerospace | Automotive | Beverage | Biotechnology | Chemical | Consumer Goods | Finance | Food | Fracking | Health Care | Manufacture | Media | Metals & Mining | Oil & Gas | Precious Metals | Public Sector | Paper & Cellulose | Pharmaceutical | Retail | Services | Technology | Telecommunication SAP IS-Solutions SAP PSCD Public Sector Collection and Disbursement | SAP FI-CA Contract Accounting | SAP POS-DM (Retail) Point of Sale Data Management Education 2016 MBA Strategic Management in Information Technology FGV 2015 Alumni Program Technology, Organizations and Innovation MIT 2015 Bachelor’s Degree Economics (Leave of Absence) Paulista University 2011 Bachelor’s Degree Accounting Paulista University 2004 Bachelor’s Degree Business Administration Mackenzie University Certification 2021 Design Thinking [+] SAP Certified Associate Design Thinking SAP 2020 SAP S/4 FI [+] SAP S/4 HANA 1909 for Financial Accounting Associates SAP 2013 ITIL [+] ITIL v3 Foundation Certification EXIN 2012 COBIT COBIT 4.1 Foundation Certification ISACA 2009 Lean/Six Sigma Lean/Six Sigma Certification (Yellow Belt) Deloitte 2008 SAP FI SAP ECC 6.0 for Financial Accounting Associates SAP Qualifications and Professional Activities 2020 Agile Agile with Jira (SCRUM and KANBAN) Coursera 2020 SAP TRM SAP TRM Tax and Revenue Management Capgemini 2020 SAP PSCD SAP PSCD Public Sector Collection and Disbursement Capgemini 2020 SAP S/4 FI SAP S/4 Financial Accounting in S/4HANA 1909 SAP 2017 SAP ABAP SAP ABAP Academy SAP 2015 SAP Simple FI SAP HANA Simple Finance, S/4 HANA Migration SAP 2014 SAP NF-e SAP NF-e Nota Fiscal Eletronica 3.10 with GRC Tech Consulting 2013 ITIL ITIL V3 Foundations KA Solution 2012 SAP Material Ledger SAP CO Brazil Localization (Material Ledger) SAP 2012 SAP NF-e GRC SAP NF-e 10.0 with GRC, WBRNFE_10 SAP 2012 SAP NewGL SAP NewGL (New General Ledger) SAP 2012 COBIT COBIT 4.1 Foundations KA Solution 2012 SQL SQL, Microsoft SQL Server Writing Queries KA Solution 2011 SAP CO SAP CO Academy (Controlling Accounting) SAP 2010 HPQC HP Quality Center SAP 2010 SAP InfoPak SAP InfoPak, Documentation Tool SAP 2009 Lean/Six Sigma Lean/Six Sigma (Green Belt Academy) Deloitte 2009 IFRS IFRS, Concepts and Preparation Deloitte 2008 SAP FI SAP FI Brazil Localization SAP 2008 SAP SolMan SAP Solution Manager Deloitte 2008 HPQC HP Quality Center, Mercury HP 2007 SAP FI SAP FI Academy (Financial Accounting) SAP 2007 SAP R/3 SAP BootCamp R/3 4.6c, FI,CO,MM,SD,PP Modules Deloitte

The cost element categoryhas a technical control function. It determines whether you can post to a cost element directly or indirectly. Direct posting: You post a fixed amount to an account by specifying the account number. You can post directly to all primary cost elements. Indirect posting: The system determines the account automatically at the time of posting You can not enter the account number with the posting transaction. You can only post indirectly to secondary cost elements. Cost Elements The cost element categoryhas a technical control function. It determines whether you can post to a cost element directly or indirectly. Direct posting: You post a fixed amount to an account by specifying the account number. You can post directly to all primary cost elements. Indirect posting: The system determines the account automatically at the time of posting You can not enter the account number with the posting transaction. You can only post indirectly to secondary cost elements. Cost Element Category Primary cost elements 01 : Primary cost element This category of cost element can be debited with all primary postings, for example, in Financial Accounting (FI) or Materials Management (MM). 03 : Accrual cost element / percentage method This cost element category may only be used in Cost Center Accounting (CO-OM-CCA) with the percentage method of accrual calculation. You can post directly in Financial Accounting to register when actual costs are incurred. The system uses this cost element category to post accrued costs in Cost Center Accounting. If you do not want to consider actual costs (for example, additional costs), you can create this category of cost elements exclusively in Controlling. You define the account in the chart of accounts, but you do not need to create the account as a G/L account in Financial Accounting. 04 : Accrual cost element / target=actual method This cost element category may be used only in the target=actual method of accrual calculation with Cost Center Accounting. You can post the cost directly from Financial Accounting to register when actual costs are incurred. The system uses this cost element category to post accrued costs in Cost Center Accounting. If you do not want to consider actual costs (for example, additional costs), you can create this category of cost elements exclusively in Controlling. You define the account in the chart of accounts, but you do not need to create the account as a G/L account in Financial Accounting. 11 : Revenue elements The cost element category is used to post revenues. Warning : Revenues are displayed in Controlling with a negative sign (-). An exception to this is Profitability Analysis (CO-PA). In CO-PA revenues are displayed with a positive sign (+). Caution : If you post revenues to cost centers, the values appear as statistical information only. This means that you can repost revenues for posting adjustments to other cost centers, but another allocation is not possible. Revenues are ignored in iterative activity price calculation and are therefore not included in the allocation price of an activity type. Note : Before you define a revenue element, check whether the posting is in the form of a credit memo whose costs you want to take into account. If this is the case, use cost element category 01 (primary cost elements), not category 11 (revenue elements). These credit memos appear as negative costs and are processed in the same way as all other cost elements of category 01. Example : Cost center with revenue posting Costs = 10,000 Revenues = -5,000 Cost effective = 10,000 Cost center with credit entry Costs = 10,000 Credit memo = -5,000 Cost effective = 5,000 12 : Sales deduction Cost elements of this category are used to post sales deductions. Sales deductions (reductions, adjustments, corrections) are adjustment or deduction postings of revenues, such as discounts and rebates. Certain revenues, such as freight charged separately in the invoice, surcharges for small quantities or special orders, are not classified as sales deductions. Such value items are defined as revenue elements. The account assignment options for cost elements of this category are the same as for cost element category 11 (revenue elements). Values on cost centers are displayed statistically only (as for revenues). 22 : External settlement Cost elements of this category are used to settleorder, project, or cost object costs to objects outside of Controlling. CO external objects can be, for example, assets (AM), materials (MM) or G/L accounts (FI). The system always creates an accounting document when you settle to external objects. You cannot use this cost element category for settlement to objects within Controlling (such as cost centers, orders, or projects). Use secondary cost element category 21 for internal settlement. In contrast to settlement to CO-external objects, no accounting documents are generated by the system for settlement to CO internal objects as the value flow occurs exclusively within CO. 90 : Cost element for balance sheet accounts in Financial Accounting Cost elements of this category are generated automatically when you create cost elements in Controlling that have asset reconciliation accounts, that is, special balance sheet accounts, as corresponding general ledger accounts in Financial Accounting. You cannot change this cost element category in CO master data maintenance. FI does not require CO account assignments of category 90. However, if you do enter a CO account assignment, this is only updated statistically even for true CO objects. Cost elements of category 90 enable you to control the costs of an order or project budget during the acquisition of fixed assets that can be directly capitalized. To achieve this you enter a capital investment order or work breakdown structure (WBS) element in the appropriate field in the asset master data. The Asset Management (AM) component ensures that when the asset is acquired, the order or WBS element is automatically entered in the document. In Controlling, orders and WBS elements are debited statistically. This statistical debit is checked with the budget during availability control. The system does not support other uses of category 90 cost elements at present. You cannot plan using these cost elements. Secondary cost elements 21 : Internal settlement This cost element category is used to settle (further allocate) order or project costs to Controlling (CO) internal objects. CO-internal objects are, for example, orders, profitability segments, cost centers and projects. You cannot use this cost element category for settlement to CO-external objects (such as fixed assets, materials, or G/L accounts). Use primary cost element category 22 for external settlement. 31 : Order/project results analysis This cost element category is used to save the order/project results analysis data on the relevant order/project. 41 : Overhead rates This cost element category is used to further allocate overhead costs using overhead ratesfrom cost centers to orders. 42 : Assessment This cost element category is used to allocate costs using the assessment method. 43 : Allocation of activities/processes This cost element category is used during internal activity allocationand in Activity-Based Costing. 50 : Incoming orders: sales revenues This cost element category is used for sales revenues from sales orders with incoming orders in the current period of the project-related incoming order. 51 : Incoming orders: other revenues This cost element category is used for other revenues, such as imputed interest, from sales orders with incoming orders in the current period of the project-related incoming order. 52 : Incoming orders: costs This cost element category is used for costs from sales orders with incoming orders in the current period of the project-related incoming order. 61 : Earned values This cost element category is used for the earned values from the earned value analysis in Project System. Article written by Luiz C. Mariani | Published July 2023 Reference sources: SAP ( www.sap.com ); SAP Support ( support.sap.com ); SAP Help ( help.sap.com ); SAP Blog ( blogs.sap.com )

Topics: SAP S/4 HANA Material Ledger Step by Step Customizing SAP Material Ledger SAP Actual Costing / Material Ledger Standard Price versus Moving Average Price Standard Price (S) | Advantages x Disadvantages Moving Average Price (V) | Advantages x Disadvantages SAP Actual Costing / Material Ledger Configuring SAP Material Ledger involves several steps to ensure accurate and detailed material valuation. Below is a step-by-step guide on how to configure SAP Material Ledger. Please note that the exact steps and transaction codes may vary depending on your SAP version and configuration. Always refer to the official SAP documentation for your specific SAP version. F ollowing the best practices implementation is always the best solution to leveraging the full capabilities of SAP Material Ledger. Seq Transaction Name Module Reference SAP Path 001 OX14 Valuation Level MM Define Valuation Level IMG -> Enterprise Structure -> Definition -> Logistics - General -> Define Valuation Level 002 OMX2 Assign Currency Types and Define Material Ledger Types PC-ML Assign Currency Types and Define Material Ledger Types IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Assign Currency Types and Define Material Ledger Types 003 OMX3 Assign Material Ledger Types to Valuation Area PC-ML Assign Material Ledger Types to Valuation Area IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Assign Material Ledger Types to Valuation Area 004 CKM9 Check Material Ledger Settings (Display of ML-Relevant Customizing Settings) PC-ML Activate Material Ledger for Valuation Area IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Activate Material Ledger for Valuation Areas 005 OMX1 Activation of Material Ledger PC-ML Activate Material Ledger for Valuation Area IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Activate Material Ledger for Valuation Areas 006 S_ALR_87008137 Maintain Number Ranges for Material Ledger Documents PC-ML Maintain Number Ranges for Material Ledger Documents IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Maintain Number Ranges for Material Ledger Documents 007 OMX4 Number range: Material ledger document PC-ML Maintain Number Ranges for Material Ledger Documents IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Maintain Number Ranges for Material Ledger Documents 008 OMX5 Configure Dynamic Price Changes PC-ML Configure Dynamic Price Changes IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Configure Dynamic Price Changes 009 V_CKMLKONT No text found for transaction (Assign Acc. Assignment Reason to Acct Modification Const) PC-ML Reasons for Price Changes IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Reasons for Price Changes 010 OMX_UMB_ACCOUNTS Display Accounts For Account Key UMB PC-ML Reasons for Price Changes IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Reasons for Price Changes 011 OPR4_ACT Define User-Defined Message Types PC-ML Define User-Defined Message Types IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Define User-Defined Message Types 012 SM30 (V_CKMLMV010_T) Define Movement Type Groups of Material Ledger PC-ML Define Movement Type Groups of Material Ledger IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Material Update -> Define Movement Type Groups of Material Ledger 013 SM30 (V_156Q_ML) Assign Movement Type Groups of Material Ledger PC-ML Assign Movement Type Groups of Material Ledger IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Material Update -> Assign Movement Type Groups of Material Ledger 014 OMX9 Define Material Update Structure PC-ML Define Material Update Structure IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Material Update -> Define Material Update Structure 015 OMX8 Assign Material Update Structure to a Valuation Area PC-ML Assign Material Update Structure to a Valuation Area IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Material Update -> Assign Material Update Structure to a Valuation Area 016 CKM9 Verify Settings for Actual Costing (Display of ML-Relevant Customizing Settings) PC-ML Activate Actual Costing IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Actual Costing -> Activate Actual Costing 017 SM30 (VV_T001W_MV_1) Activate actual costing PC-ML Activate Actual Costing IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Actual Costing -> Activate Actual Costing 018 OMXW Activate WIP at Actual Costs PC-ML Activate WIP at Actual Costs IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Actual Costing ->Activate WIP at Actual Costs 019 SM30 (V_T001K_CCS) Activate Actual Cost Component Split PC-ML Activate Actual Cost Component Split IMG -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Actual Costing /Material Ledger -> Actual Costing -> Activate Actual Cost Component Split SPRO IMG Customizing Tree These are the basic customizing transaction used to setup Material Ledger: Assign Currency Types and Define Material Ledger Types Assign Material Ledger Types to Valuation Area Activate Material Ledger for Valuation Areas Maintain Number Ranges to Material Ledger Documents Configure Dynamic Price Changes Reasons for Price Changes Define User-Defined Massage Types Define Movement Types Groups of Material Ledger Assign Movement Types Groups of Material Ledger Activate Actual Costing Activate Actual Cost Component Split Activate WIP at Actual Costs 1. Assign Currency Types and Define Material Ledger Types Material Ledger Types Automatic getting CT from: Currency Type from FI Currency Type from CO You don't need to enter the currency type manually Manual: You need to enter the desired currency types manually 2. Assign Material Ledger Types to Valuation Area The Material Ledger Type that was created in the step above needs to be assigned Valuation Area. Valuation Area | Organizational level at which the material ledger is valuated. It can be one of the following: Plant All plants belonging to a company code, in which case the valuation area is the company code. 2.1. Valuation Level You define the valuation level by specifying the level at which material stocks are valuated. You can valuate material stocks at the following levels: Plant Level Valuation must be at this level in the following cases If you want to use the application component Production Planning (PP) or Costing If your system is a SAP Retail system Company Code Level Valuation level choice affects the following: Maintenance of material master records G/L accounts in which material stocks are managed G/L accounts to which transactions are posted in Materials Management Important: Once set, it is not possible to switch the valuation level from plant to company code, or vice versa. If absolutely necessary to subsequently change the valuation level, contact a SAP consultant because a data conversion is required. Standard Price versus Moving Average Price Material Valuation How materials are valuated in the SAP system essentially depends on the price control that was set for the material in the material master. You can choose between a valuation at the standard price (S price) or at the moving average price (V price). When using the Material Ledger, you have the possibility of combining the advantages of standard price control and moving average price control. With moving average price control, a new material price is calculated after every goods receipt, invoice receipt, and/or order settlement. This material price is an average value calculated from the total inventory value and the total quantity of the material in stock. With standard price control, goods movements are valuated with a price that remains constant for at least one period. The standard price that is assigned to a material is usually the result of a standard cost estimate. The main difference between the two valuation procedures is that the moving average price represents a current delivered price while the standard price is based on planned values and not actual values. Differences between the planned price and the actual prices are not assigned to the material stock in Financial Accounting, but rather are assigned to a price difference account. When using the moving average price, however, the material stock value in Financial Accounting can reflect the prices actually incurred. However, the moving average price has its disadvantages too. Actual Costing Use the component Actual Costing/Material Ledger to ensure a method of cost management that uses the most current data to calculate your actual material costs. You can use this component to calculate an average price at the end of the period using the actual costs incurred in that period. You can then use this average price to valuate the material stock in the period in question. The standard price is used for preliminary material valuation in the Actual Costing/Material Ledger component. In the following text, problems that could result from valuating materials with the moving average price are illustrated in conjunction with a comparison of advantages and disadvantages of both methods of price control. You can avoid the problems that arise when using the standard price for material valuation by using the component Actual Costing/Material Ledger . In addition, there will be some recommendations from SAP as to which price control to use. Standard Price (S) Advantages When using the standard price, all goods movements of a material are valuated with the same price over at least one period. Therefore, the standard price ensures consistent cost management of the production process and makes variances within production transparent. A periodic price (standard price) is especially useful when working with cost management by period. The standard price can also be used as a benchmark by which you can measure different methods of production, or compare the contribution margins of a material in different market segments in Profitability Analysis. Disadvantages Because the standard price is held constant for an entire period, it does not reflect the actual costs incurred during the period. This can lead to inexact valuation prices for materials whose procurement prices change a great deal over a period, or whose method of production changes within a period. This problem increases in multilevel production with each new production step. This means that the costs for the finished product may not reflect the most recent data. The material stock value does not reflect the current procurement costs, as variances from the standard price are collected in a price difference account in Financial Accounting and do not lead to a correction of the material stock account. The variances collected in the price difference account can no longer be assigned to the individual material. If you use split valuation for materials, please note that you can only release the material price at the header level of a material (not at the level of the valuation type) when calculating a material price in Product Cost Planning. Moving Average Price (V) Advantages The advantage of using the moving average price is that variances are updated in the material price and the material stock value. Because the material price reflects the average procurement cost of a material, material issues could, in principle, be valuated with the current price. Only in special cases are variances allocated to a price difference account in Financial Accounting rather than to the material stock. The advantages of the moving average price are seen only if: you are looking at the material valuation data at the lowest production level; all variances occur immediately; the material price is not distorted by the sequence of postings by the system. Disadvantages The main disadvantage of using the moving average price is that the price used to valuate a material consumption is almost completely dependent on the time at which the goods issue is posted in the system. If, for example, an invoice receipt is posted in the system after a goods issue was entered, that invoice value is not reflected in the value of the material issued. The material is therefore not valuated with its actual procurement cost. The moving average price also does little to guarantee consistent cost management of your production process. The effect of changes in the production process, for example, are not recognizable in the finished product, and comparing results from different areas in Profitability Analysis is not really meaningful due to lack of a benchmark. The fact that the moving average price is not dependent on the period can also lead to incorrect material valuation, as goods movements that are posted to a previous period are not valuated with the price from that period, but rather with the current moving average price. Another problem with the moving average price is that any mistake entering data can cause immediate and unwanted changes in the material price. Any goods issues posted following this error will be valuated immediately with this incorrect material price. In particular, the moving average price can lead to unrealistic material prices in cases of multi-level production or when there are variances that do not appear immediately. Such unrealistic prices occur, for example, when, in the context of stock coverage, a subsequent adjustment to the material stock occurs using an incorrect base quantity. Material Ledger When using the application component Material Ledger, you only use the standard price as a preliminary valuation price in the current period. At the end of the period, you can use this component to calculate an average price for the material using the actual costs incurred in that period. You can then use this average price to valuate the material stock in the period in question. Hint : If you use Material Ledger, you should also use standard price control of raw materials and trading goods to ensure consistent cost management of your production process. Only in this way are variances completely transparent within production. In Summary The problems described above show that the moving average price, despite its advantages can lead to problems. In particular, the moving average price can cause unrealistic valuations of material inventory when materials are produced in-house or when variances do not appear immediately. On the other hand, the standard price does not take any actual procurement costs into account, which can be a problem, for example, with externally procured materials with highly variable prices. Recommendation Moving Average Price: It should be used only in Trading Goods, but not in Raw Materials. Standard Price: It must be used for Semi-Finished, Finished Goods and Raw Materials. Price S Price V References: SAP (www.sap.com ); SAP Support (support.sap.com ); SAP Help (help.sap.com ); SAP Blog (blogs.sap.com )

The market for Data Brokers dealing personal data has a prominent role in the global economy. The increasing volume of personal data collection can build strong and accurate population profiles.You probably know some of the main Data Brokers: Experian, TransUnion, Equifax, CoreLogic, Epsilon, Acxiom​. Global Market Data Broker Experian | UK Credit Score Segmentation True Size of Countries Geographic Information Data Brokers The market for Data Brokers dealing personal data has a prominent role in the global economy. The increasing volume of personal data collection can build strong and accurate population profiles. The analysis of consumer groups and segments helps organizations to: Targeted offers Prospection Monetization of the customer portfolio Targeted communication Statistical modeling Market study (such as profile and consumption analysis) Geomarketing You probably know some of the main Data Brokers : Experian TransUnion Equifax CoreLogic Epsilon Acxiom Experian | UK Credit Score Segmentation Experian has a services called Mosaic. Mosaic is a comprehensive cross-channel consumer classification that groups together individuals likely to share similar demographics, lifestyles and behaviours into 15 summary groups and 66 detailed types by codes and names. Group Codes Groups Segment Codes Segments A City Prosperity A01 World-Class Wealth A02 Uptown Elite A03 Penthouse Chic A04 Metro High-Flyers B Prestige Positions B05 Premium Fortunes B06 Diamond Days B07 Alpha Families B08 Bank of Mum and Dad B09 Empty-Nest Adventure C Country Living C10 Wealthy Landowners C11 Rural Vogue C12 Scattered Homesteads C23 Village Retirement D Rural Reality D14 Satellite Settlers D15 Local Focus D16 Outlying Seniors C17 Far-Flung Outposts E Senior Security E18 Legacy Elders E19 Bungalow Haven E20 Classic Grandparents E21 Solo Retirees F Suburban Stability F22 Boomerang Boarders F23 Family Ties F24 Fledgling Free F25 Dependable Me G Domestic Success G26 Cafes and Catchments G27 Thriving Independence G28 Penthouse Chic G29 Mid-Career Convention H Aspiring Homemakers H30 Primary Ambitions H31 Affordable Fringe H32 First-Rung Futures H33 Contemporary Starts H34 New Foundations H35 Flying Solo I Family Basics I36 Solid Economy I37 Budget Generations I38 Economical Families I39 Families on a Budget J Transient Renters J40 Value Rentals J41 Youthful Endeavours J42 Midlife Renters J43 Renting Rooms K Municipal Tenants K44 Inner City Stalwarts K45 City Diversity K46 High Rise Residents K47 Single Essentials K48 Mature Workers L Vintage Value L49 Flatlet Seniors L50 Pocket Pensions L51 Retirement Communities L52 Estate Veterans L53 Seasoned Survivors M Modest Traditions M54 Down-to-Earth Owners M55 Back with the Folks M56 Self Supporters N Urban Cohesion N57 Community Elders N58 Culture & Comfort N59 Large Family Living N60 Ageing Access O Rental Hubs O61 Career Builders O62 Central Pulse O63 Flexible Workforce O64 Bus-Route Renters O65 Learners & Earners O66 Student Scene True Size of Countries The Mercator projection is a cylindrical map projection and it became the standard map projection for navigation because it is unique in representing north as up and south as down everywhere while preserving local directions and shapes. As a side effect, the Mercator projection inflates the size of objects away from the equator. In the transformation of a curved structure to the plane, a kind of deformation occurs so that there are the necessary adjustments to fit the object of study in that proposed form. Geographi c Information Check all the information in the table below. Country Land Area (Km²) Population Density (P/Km²) Afghanistan 652.860 42.239.854 65 Albania 27.400 2.832.439 103 Algeria 2.381.740 45.606.480 19 Andorra 470 80.088 170 Angola 1.246.700 36.684.202 29 Antigua and Barbuda 440 94.298 214 Argentina 2.736.690 45.773.884 17 Armenia 28.470 2.777.970 98 Australia 7.682.300 26.439.111 3 Austria 82.409 8.958.960 109 Azerbaijan 82.658 10.412.651 126 Bahamas 10.010 412.623 41 Bahrain 760 1.485.509 1.955 Bangladesh 130.170 172.954.319 1.329 Barbados 430 281.995 656 Belarus 202.910 9.498.238 47 Belgium 30.280 11.686.140 386 Belize 22.810 410.825 18 Benin 112.760 13.712.828 122 Bhutan 38.117 787.424 21 Bolivia 1.083.300 12.388.571 11 Bosnia and Herzegovina 51 3.210.847 63 Botswana 566.730 2.675.352 5 Brazil 8.358.140 216.422.446 26 Brunei 5.270 452.524 86 Bulgaria 108.560 6.687.717 62 Burkina Faso 273.600 23.251.485 85 Burundi 25.680 13.238.559 516 Côte d'Ivoire 318 28.873.034 91 Cabo Verde 4.030 598.682 149 Cambodia 176.520 16.944.826 96 Cameroon 472.710 28.647.293 61 Canada 9.093.510 38.781.291 4 Central African Republic 622.980 5.742.315 9 Chad 1.259.200 18.278.568 15 Chile 743.532 19.629.590 26 China 9.388.211 1.425.671.352 152 Colombia 1.109.500 52.085.168 47 Comoros 1.861 852.075 458 Congo (Congo-Brazzaville) 341.500 6.106.869 18 Costa Rica 51.060 5.212.173 102 Croatia 55.960 4.008.617 72 Cuba 106.440 11.194.449 105 Cyprus 9.240 1.260.138 136 Czechia (Czech Republic) 77.240 10.495.295 136 Democratic Republic of the Congo 2.267.050 102.262.808 45 Denmark 42.430 5.910.913 139 Djibouti 23.180 1.136.455 49 Dominica 750 73.040 97 Dominican Republic 48.320 11.332.972 235 Ecuador 248.360 18.190.484 73 Egypt 995.450 112.716.598 113 El Salvador 20.720 6.364.943 307 Equatorial Guinea 28.050 1.714.671 61 Eritrea 101 3.748.901 37 Estonia 42.390 1.322.765 31 Eswatini (fmr. "Swaziland") 17.200 1.210.822 70 Ethiopia 1.000.000 126.527.060 127 Fiji 18.270 936.375 51 Finland 303.890 5.545.475 18 France 547.557 64.756.584 118 Gabon 257.670 2.436.566 9 Gambia 10.120 2.773.168 274 Georgia 69.490 3.728.282 54 Germany 348.560 83.294.633 239 Ghana 227.540 34.121.985 150 Greece 128.900 10.341.277 80 Grenada 340 126.183 371 Guatemala 107.160 18.092.026 169 Guinea 245.720 14.190.612 58 Guinea-Bissau 28.120 2.150.842 76 Guyana 196.850 813.834 4 Haiti 27.560 11.724.763 425 Holy See - 518 1.295 Honduras 111.890 10.593.798 95 Hungary 90.530 10.156.239 112 Iceland 100.250 375.318 4 India 2.973.190 1.428.627.663 481 Indonesia 1.811.570 277.534.122 153 Iran 1.628.550 89.172.767 55 Iraq 434.320 45.504.560 105 Ireland 68.890 5.056.935 73 Israel 21.640 9.174.520 424 Italy 294.140 58.870.762 200 Jamaica 10.830 2.825.544 261 Japan 364.555 123.294.513 338 Jordan 88.780 11.337.052 128 Kazakhstan 2.699.700 19.606.633 7 Kenya 569.140 55.100.586 97 Kiribati 810 133.515 165 Kuwait 17.820 4.310.108 242 Kyrgyzstan 191.800 6.735.347 35 Laos 230.800 7.633.779 33 Latvia 62.200 1.830.211 29 Lebanon 10.230 5.353.930 523 Lesotho 30.360 2.330.318 77 Liberia 96.320 5.418.377 56 Libya 1.759.540 6.888.388 4 Liechtenstein 160 39.584 247 Lithuania 62.674 2.718.352 43 Luxembourg 2.590 654.768 253 Madagascar 581.795 30.325.732 52 Malawi 94.280 20.931.751 222 Malaysia 328.550 34.308.525 104 Maldives 300 521.021 1.737 Mali 1.220.190 23.293.698 19 Malta 320 535.064 1.672 Marshall Islands 180 41.996 233 Mauritania 1.030.700 4.862.989 5 Mauritius 2.030 1.300.557 641 Mexico 1.943.950 128.455.567 66 Micronesia 700 544.321 778 Moldova 32.850 3.435.931 105 Monaco 1 36.297 24.360 Mongolia 1.553.560 3.447.157 2 Montenegro 13.450 626.485 47 Morocco 446.300 37.840.044 85 Mozambique 786.380 33.897.354 43 Myanmar (formerly Burma) 653.290 54.577.997 84 Namibia 823.290 2.604.172 3 Nauru 20 12.780 639 Nepal 143.350 30.896.590 216 Netherlands 33.720 17.618.299 522 New Zealand 263.310 5.228.100 20 Nicaragua 120.340 7.046.310 59 Niger 1.266.700 27.202.843 21 Nigeria 910.770 223.804.632 246 North Korea 120.410 26.160.821 217 North Macedonia 25.220 2.085.679 83 Norway 365.268 5.474.360 15 Oman 309.500 4.644.384 15 Pakistan 770.880 240.485.658 312 Palau 460 18.058 39 Palestine State 6.020 5.371.230 892 Panama 74.340 4.468.087 60 Papua New Guinea 452.860 10.329.931 23 Paraguay 397.300 6.861.524 17 Peru 1.280.000 34.352.719 27 Philippines 298.170 117.337.368 394 Poland 306.230 41.026.067 134 Portugal 91.590 10.247.605 112 Qatar 11.610 2.716.391 234 Romania 230.170 19.892.812 86 Russia 16.376.870 144.444.359 9 Rwanda 24.670 14.094.683 571 Saint Kitts and Nevis 260 47.755 184 Saint Lucia 610 180.251 295 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 390 103.698 266 Samoa 2.830 225.681 80 San Marino 60 33.642 561 Sao Tome and Principe 960 231.856 242 Saudi Arabia 2.149.690 36.947.025 17 Senegal 192.530 17.763.163 92 Serbia 87.460 7.149.077 82 Seychelles 460 107.66 234 Sierra Leone 72.180 8.791.092 122 Singapore 700 6.014.723 8.592 Slovakia 48.088 5.795.199 121 Slovenia 20.140 2.119.675 105 Solomon Islands 27.990 740.424 26 Somalia 627.340 18.143.378 29 South Africa 1.213.090 60.414.495 50 South Korea 97.230 51.784.059 533 South Sudan 610.952 11.088.796 18 Spain 498.800 47.519.628 95 Sri Lanka 62.710 21.893.579 349 Sudan 1.765.048 48.109.006 27 Suriname 156 623.236 4 Sweden 410.340 10.612.086 26 Switzerland 39.516 8.796.669 223 Syria 183.630 23.227.014 126 Tajikistan 139.960 10.143.543 72 Tanzania 885.800 67.438.106 76 Thailand 510.890 71.801.279 141 Timor-Leste 14.870 1.360.596 91 Togo 54.390 9.053.799 166 Tonga 720 107.773 150 Trinidad and Tobago 5.130 1.534.937 299 Tunisia 155.360 12.458.223 80 Turkey 769.630 85.816.199 112 Turkmenistan 469.930 6.516.100 14 Tuvalu 30 11.396 380 Uganda 199.810 48.582.334 243 Ukraine 579.320 36.744.634 63 United Arab Emirates 83.600 9.516.871 114 United Kingdom 241.930 67.736.802 280 United States of America 9.147.420 339.996.563 37 Uruguay 175.020 3.423.108 20 Uzbekistan 425.400 35.163.944 83 Vanuatu 12.190 334.506 27 Venezuela 882.050 28.838.499 33 Vietnam 310.070 98.858.950 319 Yemen 527.970 34.449.825 65 Zambia 743.390 20.569.737 28 Zimbabwe 386.850 16.665.409 43 References: Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.org ); World O Meters (www.worldometers.info ); Experian (www.experian.co.uk )