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Manufacturing Process Types are Discrete Industry, Process Industry (PI) and Repetitive Industry, and the basic Methods of Manufacturing are Make to Stock (MTS) and Make to Order (MTO). Product Costing In this section, you will be able to understand the Product Costing. Manufactu ring Process Types of Manufacturing Discrete Industry Process Industry (PI) Repetitive Industry Methods of Manufacturing Make to Stock (MTS) Make to Order (MTO) Discrete Manufacturing It is based in production orders, with products that can be assembled and dis-assembled. Benefits: Planning and manufacturing depends on production orders Materials will be issued with reference to production orders Products can change frequently Production is carried out on different production lines Product costing and settlement is done through production orders Master Data: Bill of Materials (BOMs) Routings Work Centers Production Version Example of Industries: Mechanical Engineering (Cars, Airplanes, Etc...) Consumer Goods Electronics Process Industry Manufacturing It is based on process orders, with products batch-oriented, with integration tools PP-PI (Production Planning / Process Industry) Benefits: Batch oriented process manufacturing. Copy the master recipe and adjust it to actual production Process Management between PP-PI and process control during the execution of a process order Master Data: Master Recipes Resources Example of Industries: Pharmaceutical Chemical Food Beverage Repetitive Manufacturing It is based on planned orders, produced repetitively or continuously in production lines, in a continuous production scenario. Benefits: Production is based on the planned orders Planning and manufacturing is based on period wise Production are carried out on a single production line (repetitively) Product costing and settlement is done through product cost collector Simpler back flushing Scenarios with high product stability, high repetition rates, and low product complexity Master Data: Product Cost Collector Rate Routing REM Profile Production version Example of Industries: Mechanical Engineering Consumer Goods Electronics Step Process in Discrite / Process (MTS / MTO) Create Independent Requirements: Create Planned Independent Requirements | Make-To-Stock T-Code: MD61 Create Customer Independent Requirement / Sales Order | Make-To-Order T-Code: MD81 / VA01 Check Demand Management | Make-To-Stock T-Code: MD04 | Make-To-Order T-Code: MD04 Run MRP | Make-To-Stock T-Code: MD01N | Make-To-Order T-Code: MD01N Production Orders: Convert Planned Orders to Production Orders | Make-To-Stock T-Code: MD04 | Make-To-Order T-Code: MD04 Create Production Order Manually | Make-To-Stock T-Code: CO01| Make-To-Order T-Code: COR1 Release Production Order | Make-To-Stock T-Code: CO02 | Make-To-Order T-Code: COR2 GI to Production Order | Make-To-Stock T-Code: MIGO | Make-To-Order T-Code: MIGO Production Order Confirmation | Make-To-Stock T-Code: CO11N | Make-To-Order T-Code: COR6N GR to Production Order | Make-To-Stock T-Code: MIGO | Make-To-Order T-Code: MIGO Production order Teco | Make-To-Stock T-Code: CO02 | Make-To-Order T-Code: COR2 Overhead calculation | Make-To-Stock T-Code: KGI2 | Make-To-Order T-Code: KGI2 WIP Calculation | Make-To-Stock T-Code: KKAO / KKAX | Make-To-Order T-Code: KKAO / KKAX Variance Calculation | Make-To-Stock T-Code: KKS1 / KKS2 | Make-To-Order T-Code: KKS1 / KKS2 Production Order Settlement | Make-To-Stock T-Code: KO88 / CO88 | Make-To-Order T-Code: KO88 / CO88 Close Production Order | Make-To-Stock T-Code: CO02 | Make-To-Order T-Code: COR2 References: SAP (www.sap.com ); SAP Support (support.sap.com ); SAP Help (help.sap.com ); SAP Blog (blogs.sap.com )

We are driven by the purpose of creating value and generating impact for our clients. Helping businesses to achieve its goals and building better future. SAP NFe To Help Companies Run SAP Better Mission We are driven by the purpose of creating value and generating impact for our clients. Helping businesses to achieve its goals and building better future. Purpose We have a clear purpose: to help companies run SAP better, which reflects our mission to generate positive and significant impacts History Since 2006, we have almost 2 decades of history, we offer services in business consulting, financial advisory, risk management and tax consulting for clients of the most diverse profiles and sectors, always focusing in SAP.

Finance Currency Types Account Master Data Document Split Currency Types T-Code : SPRO Path : IMG -> Financial Accounting -> Financial Accounting Global Settings -> Ledgers -> Ledger -> Define Settings for Ledgers and Currency Types Section : Currency Types SAP Version : SAP S/4 HANA 2020 Currency Types List 00 = Document Currency 01 = Document Currency, Group Valuation 02 = Document Currency, Profit Center Valuation 10 = Company Code Currency 11 = Company Code Currency, Group Valuation 12 = Company Code Currency, Profit Center Valuation 20 = Controlling Area Currency 30 = Group Currency 31 = Group Currency, Group Valuation 32 = Group Currency, Profit Center Valuation 40 = Hard Currency 50 = Index-Based Currency 60 = Global Company Currency 70 = Controlling Object Currency Currency Type in the Controlling Area The controlling area currency type determines which currency is allowed as controlling area currency and whether the CO area currency can differ from the currency of the assined company codes. CO area currency is either set by the user or derived from other organizational units. The Assignment Control is a very important setting when the subject is controlling area currency type. There are 2 options: 1 = Controlling Area Same As Company Code 2 = Cross-Company-Code Cost Accounting 1 Controlling Area Same As Company Code Relationship (1:1): The financial accounting and cost accounting views of the organization are identical. Currency Type: The system will automatically assign currency type 10 (Company Code). 2 Cross-Company-Code Cost Accounting Relationship (1:n): Cost accounting is carried out in multiple company codes in the same controlling area. The Company Codes must use: The same number of posting periods (you can check it in the fiscal year variant) The same Chart of Account Hint : A 1:n relationship is appropriate, for example, if the organization has independent subsidiaries using a global cost accounting system, since it is possible to perform internal allocations between company codes. Account Master Data T-Code : FS00 | G/L Account Centrally Control Data | Account Control (Company Code) Balances in Local Currency Only Indicates that balances are updated only in local currency when users post items to this account. You set this if you do not want the system yp update transaction figures se parately by currency. Recommended for some Balance Sheet Accounts: Not managed as open items and not kept in foreign currencies. Managed as open items and and have the same types of items posted in different currencies, but always allow clearing to be made if the local currency amounts correspond. Example : You set up a clearing account for GR/IR and post these itema to it. Goods Receipt (Posted always in Local Currency) EUR 890 Invoice Receipt (Posted Invoice Currency) USD 1000 EUR 890 Both items can be cleared if the clearing account balances are recorded in Local Currency Only. Unless you set the indicator for this account, the system will translate the USD to EUR during the clearing procedure to determine the account in EUR required to clear 1000 USD. If the translation rate is 0.89, the system displays 900 EUR for the invoice receipt and 890 EUR for the goods receipt when the open items are processed. This means that to clear both od these items, you will also have to enter a difference posting for 10 EUR, and the system will automatically make an additional exchange rate difference posting for this amount. Posting without tax allowed Indicates that acoount can be posted without tax code. It is possible to post both taxable and non-taxable items to that account. But If you post with tax code the system checks the entry against the Tax Category. Tax Category You only use Tax Category if the account is tax-relevant, If not, leave the field in blank. Example of tax categories: "*" All Tax Types Permitted "+ " Only Output Tax Permitted "- " Only Input Tax Permitted "> " Output Tax Account "< " Input Tax Account Control Data | Account Management (Company Code) Open Item Management Indicator activated: The items posted are marked as open or cleared. Indicator Inactivated: The items posted has no offsetting option, with open and clared marks. Accounts managed as open items: Clearing accounts Blank Clearing Account Payroll Clearing Account Cash Discount Clearing Account GR/IR Clearing Account Accounts that are NOT managed as open items: Bank Accounts Tax Accounts Raw Material Accounts Reconciliation Accounts (There are managed implicitly using the subledger open item function) Profit and Loss Accounts Materials Management (MM) Accounts (Posted with a posting key that has account type 'M') Create/Bank/Interest | Control of Document Creation ( Company Code) Post Automatically Only Indicates that this account can only be posted to by the system using account determination tables. Docum ent Split Document Splitting is a function delivered initially within the New G/L, similar to FI-SL splitting available from release 4.7 onwards. It is an essential tool for drawing up complete financial statements for the selected dimensions (e.g. Segment, Profit Center, Business Area, Fund, Grant or Customer field) at any time. Document splitting splits up line items during the posting for selected dimensions such as receivable lines by "Profit Center". Also, to affect a zero balance setting in the document for selected dimensions such as "Segment", document splitting can be used. The zero balance setting may generate additional clearing lines in the general ledger view. Seq Transaction Name Module Reference SAP Path Comments 001 GSP_CD Maintain constans FI-GL 002 GSP_KD Maintain account determination FI-GL 003 GSP_KD1 Maintain acct deter: 0 balance FI-GL 004 GSP_KD2 Maintain acct deter: Additional rows FI-GL 005 GSP_LD Define item type FI-GL business transaction - do not change 006 GSP_LZ1 SAP internal item cat. Assigment FI-GL assignment do de cima 007 GSP_LZ2 Allocation: acct number - item type FI-GL Clsssify G/L Accounts for Document Splitting 008 GSP_MD Define Splitting Method FI-GL 009 GSP_PD Define business process FI-GL do not change 010 GSP_RD Define Split Rule FI-GL 011 GSP_VD Define business process variant FI-GL 012 GSP_VZ1 Transaction->process var. assignment FI-GL Assigment: Transaction Code - Accounting Transaction Variant 013 GSP_VZ2 MM movem. Type->process var. assgmt FI-GL Assigment: MM Movement Type - Accounting Transaction Variant 014 GSP_VZ3 FI doc type->process var. assignment FI-GL Classify FI Document Type for Document Splitting Views Entry View | Based on table BSEG as used in Classic G/L General Ledger View | Based on the New G/L tables for ECC (ACDOCA for S/4 HANA) You can choose between displaying the document either in its original form in the entry view or with the generated clearing lines from the perspective of a ledger in the general ledger view. Issues Balancing Field is not Filled |Error messages for example "the balancing field is not filled" may arise while you are working with relevant business processes. These issues are usually based on missing or incorrect document split customizing New G/L Migration | Subsequent activation of document split functionality within a productive environment (with existing transactional data) is critical. It has to be handled with a separate migration project Subsequent Changes | Processes in a customer system are dynamic and changes in document split customizing may arise. If subsequent changes are necessary, please refer to the long text of the warnings and also to OSS Note 891144 1. Document Split Functionality With the functionality 'document splitting' a complete financial statement for selected dimensions can be provided at any time. Document splitting splits up line items for selected dimensions such as "Segment", "Profit Center", etc. Document Splitting Method | A splitting method contains the splitting rules governing how the individual item categories are dealt with Splitting Rule | Depending on the business transactions the rule governs how the individual item categories will be processed by the system Business Transaction | SAP delivers 10 business transactions. A business transaction describes the structure of a business process for each document type. For each business transaction, you can determine which item categories (can) appear in the transaction. Business transactions are only used in document splitting Item category | The item category characterizes the items of an accounting document. You need to classify the individual document items so that the system knows how to handle them. Therefore, an item category has to be assigned to all G/L accounts (T-Code: GSP_LZ2) Processing category | The processing category controls how the amounts are split. 0 | Transfer a fixed value (No Splitting) 1 | Splitting by base item categories specified 2 | Splitting based on current account balance Warning When using document splitting SAP recommends to avoid posting mixed business processes A new document type for each business process needs to be defined in order to separate them. Generally it has to be ensured that each business process is posted with an appropriate document type (Example: Within SAP standard delivered customizing for business transaction "0300 Vendor Invoices" it is not possible to post customer or bank account lines) 2. New G/L Scenarios In order to define the relevant fields to be updated within open items and totals, scenarios have to be assigned to the ledgers used. SAP standard delivers 6 scenarios (Also custom fields can be assigned). To split the posted items of a particular ledger by the selected criteria (Segment, Profit Center, Custom Field [ZZxxx], etc.), the relevant New G/L scenario has to be assigned to the ledger. 2.1. Define Document Splitting Method The document splitting method contains the rules governing how the individual item categories are dealt with. In case changes need to be applied to standard customizing, SAP recommends copying the standard method 0000000012 and applying the changes. 2.1.1. Define Document Splitting Method T-Code | SM30 ( V_T8G01) Path | IMG -> Financial Accounting (New) -> General Ledger Accounting (New) -> Business Transactions -> Document Splitting -> Extended Document Splitting -> Define Document Splitting Method Step 1 | Create an own defined method (e.g. Z000000012) Step 2 | Select all rules included in the standard method and copy it to the Z000000012 Step 3 | Apply the changes needed Step 4 | Activate the new to be used document splitting method 2.2. Activate Document Splitting T-Code | SM34 (VC_FAGL_SPLIT) Path | IMG -> Financial Accounting (New) -> General Ledger Accounting (New) -> Business Transactions >- Document Splitting -> Activate Document Splitting Step 1 | Document Splitting Assignment - Document splitting method has to be assigned (e.g. Z000000012) Step 2 | Activating Inheritance of Account Assignments Inheritance of Account Assignments The indicator "Inheritance of Account Assignments" transfers the account assignments which are defined as split criteria. The values of the split criteria are always taken into consideration together as a combination of the account assignments. The field values are inherited only in case the account assignment combination is unique within the complete document. That means the account assignments are being inherited if the values of the split criteria in the complete document are the same. Please consider that only account assignments relevant for the balance sheet (G/L split criteria) are taken over since it is rather a fallback mechanism for the unassigned processes Hint: There is also a possibility to deactivate inheritance for some specific business transactions. Deactivating Inheritance of Account Assignments T-Code | GSP_RD Path | IMG -> Financial Accounting (New) -> General Ledger Accounting (New) -> Business Transactions -> Document Splitting -> Extended Document Splitting -> Define Document Splitting Rules Step 1 | In the "Header Data", double click in the "Method + Business Transaction + Variant" desired Step 2 | Flag the indicator " No Inheritance of A/c Assignments" Hint: This indicator 'No Inheritance of A/c Assignments' can be set/removed in the definition of the business transaction (Only available in ERP2005) Activation Standard A/C Assignment on the Splitting Method Level The constant defines default account assignments for all line items for which it is not possible to derive any account assignments via the splitting rule or the inheritance. To activate this function select indicator "Standard A/C Assgnmt" and assign the constant. Constant Definition T-Code | SM34 (FAGL_CONSTANTS_GLOBAL) Path | IMG -> Financial Accounting (New) -> General Ledger Accounting (New) -> Business Transactions >- Document Splitting -> Edit Constant for Nonassigne d Processes Step 1 | Create the Constant (eg. Zxxx) Step 2 | Assign Profit Center Deactivate Constant Default at Business Transaction Level T-Code | GSP_RD Path | IMG -> Financial Accounting (New) -> General Ledger Accounting (New) -> Business Transactions -> Document Splitting -> Extended Document Splitting -> Define Document Splitting Rules Step 1 | In the "Header Data", double click in the "Method + Business Transaction + Variant" desired Step 2 | Flag the indicator " No Default of A/c Assignments" There is also a possibility to deactivate the default account assignment (constant) set on method level for some specific business transactions. Deactivate Document Splitting at Company Code Level Document split can be deactivated at company code level. In case one or more company codes in your system should not use document splitting functionality, then choose the "inactive" indicator at company code level. Define Document Splitting T-Code | SM34 (VC_FAGL_SPLIT) Path | IMG -> Financial Accounting (New) -> General Ledger Accounting (New) -> Business Transactions >- Document Splitting -> Activate Document Splitting Step 1 | In the Dialog Structure, click in "Deactivation per Company Code" Step 2 | Flag the indicator "Inactive" in the desired Company Code Warning: If you perform any cross company code postings please make sure that all company codes involved use document splitting Hint: In addition the company codes which are used in cross company postings have to be assigned in Transaction "OBY6" to companies in a 1:1 relation 2.3. Document splitting characteristics Document splitting is a tool for drawing up complete financial statements for selected dimensions. Additional zero balance items are automatically created in case the balance of account assignment objects is not zero. Document splitting characteristics can be defined for General Ledger and additional characteristics for controlling and assets. Characteristics for General Ledger Accounting Characteristics for Controlling Characteristics for Cash Discounts Capitalized to Assets 2.3.1. Document splitting Characteristics for General Ledger In this IMG-step the account assignments taken into consideration in document splitting are defined. It can be defined if a zero balance setting for the characteristic and a partner field has to be used. If the zero balance flag has been activated, the system makes sure that the document balances to zero on account assignment level. The account assignment can also be defined as mandatory. The system accepts postings if the account assignment has been filled in the general ledger view. Either it can be filled in the entry view by entering it or it is derived from the document splitting rules. If a field is defined as a splitting characteristic, but the relevant scenario or custom field is not assigned to a ledger, then it will not be updated in certain new g/l tables. The account assignments specified have to be maintained at least in one of the ledgers. Otherwise the mandatory check is not processed. 2.3.2. Define Document Splitting Characteristics for Controlling Document splitting characteristics for controlling are being transferred only into relevant line items. The CO account assignments are just needed for the cost elements. Therefore the accounts of the corresponding line items need to be defined as a cost element. 2.3.3. Characteristics for Cash Discounts Capitalized to Assets (Post-Capitalization of Cash Discount to Assets) he activation of the "Post-Capitalization of Cash Discount to Assets" has the effect that the cash discount of an asset-relevant payment is not posted to the cash discount account, but directly to the asset. 2.3.4. Zero balance indicator and balance zero clearing account The zero balance indicator setting, ensures that the document is balanced according to document split characteristics for the selected dimensions such as "Segment". In case the balance of account assignment objects is not zero after document splitting the system generates additional clearing items. The triggered line items in the document are posted to the zero balance clearing account defined for each account key in customizing. Define Zero-Balance Clearing Account T-Code | GSP_KD1 Path | IMG -> Financial Accounting (New) -> General Ledger Accounting (New) -> Business Transactions >- Document Splitting -> Define Zero-Balance Clearing Account Warning: Therefore, a clearing account has to be created for the additional clearing line items. 2.4. Account key assignment (define zero-balance clearing account) As explained above in some business processes additional clearing line items have to be created automatically so a full financial statement per splitting criteria is available. The automatic posting is made to a zero-balance clearing account defined in the account key. One or more zero-balance clearing accounts may be used. To post to different clearing accounts, each clearing account has to be assigned to a separate account key and each account key to the relevant business transaction variants. Define Zero-Balance Clearing Account T-Code | GSP_KD1 Path | IMG -> Financial Accounting (New) -> General Ledger Accounting (New) -> Business Transactions >- Document Splitting -> Define Zero-Balance Clearing Account 2.5. Constant definition In order to set default account assignments within the document splitting, one or more constants can be defined. Edit Constants for Non-assigned Processes T-Code | GSP_CD Path | IMG -> Financial Accounting (New) -> General Ledger Accounting (New) -> Business Transactions >- Document Splitting -> Edit Constants for Non-assigned Processes For defining the constant only the defined split criteria can be chosen. A default value can either be assigned to all or just to several split criteria. The default values are always set as a combination, meaning all or nothing. Example: Split criteria A and B is set as default If fields A and B are both not filled during posting, the default values of the constant are set. If field A is set with the default value of the constant and B is not filled, the constant fills the value of field B. If field A is set but not with the default value of the constant, nothing is done by the constant. If any other split criteria is filled which is not defined within the constant, the constant fills fields A and B. If an assigned split criteria is set with default 'blank', the system considers 'blank' as a value. Two different ways of using a constant exist: General constant for all business processes Specific constant assigned to explicit item categories References: SAP (www.sap.com ); SAP Support (support.sap.com ); SAP Help (help.sap.com ); SAP Blog (blogs.sap.com )

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Topics: Brazil Localization | BR Country Version; Localized Processes in Purchasing (PTP/MM) and Sales (OTC/SD); Material Management (MM) Localization; SAP Third-Party Solution Partners (Graded); NF-e | Nota Fiscal | DANFE; Tax Engine (Thomson Reuters | Sabrix | OneSource GlobalNest IDT Customization Steps); CFOP; CNAE; Tax Regimes; Brazilian Tax Reform (New Brazilian VAT); SPED; ECD, EFD; ECF; e-Reporting Up Brazil Localization Tax Overview Brazilian Taxes Localized Processes in Purchasing (MM) and Sales (SD) Material Management (MM) Localization SAP Brazilian Tax Calculation Schema Brazilian Tax-O-Meter SAP Third-Party Solution Partners (Graded) NF-e | Nota Fiscal NF-e | Danfe Tax Engine (Thomson Reuters | Customization Steps) CFOP (Fiscal Code of Operations and Benefits) CNAE (National Classification of Economic Activities) Tax Regimes SPED (e-Reporting) Brazilian Tax Reform (New Brazilian VAT) Brazilian Taxes Tax / Fiscal terms Tribute (pt: Tributo)| It is an obligation to pay, created by law, imposed on taxpayers with the aim of managing the development of the State, since we live in society The Brazilian Federal Constitution classifies taxes into a list of 5 elements: Taxes Fees Improvement Contributions Compulsory Loans Special Contributions Fee (pt: Taxa)| It is a tax charged to a public administration activity that is directly or indirectly linked to the taxpayer, for the provision of a service that is paid for by the State The fee will be found in most public services, such as: Court Fees Traffic Fines (as this is a police power) Fire fees Urban Waste Collection Fees Tax (pt: Imposto) | Unlike other tributes, such as fees and contributions, this is an unlinked tax, that is, it is due by the taxpayer regardless of any consideration from the State It is considered the most important tribute in the country. Among the main taxes in Brazil, we can mention: ICMS, IPI, ISS, IR and other Classification Direct (pt: Diretos) | Direct taxes are those that directly affect the income, assets and economic activities of individuals and companies, such as Income Tax, IPVA, ITR, IPTU, ISS, among others Indirect (pt: Indiretos) | Indirect taxes are those that are levied on goods, services and commercial transactions, reflecting on the final price of products and services, such as ICMS, IPI, PIS, COFINS, among others Additional (pt: Adicional) | When the taxable event is represented by the payment of another tax. As an example, we have the additional 10% of the Income Tax, Legal Entity Fixed (pt: Fixo) | When determined in a specific amount, regardless of calculations. For example, the ISS for independent professionals Proportional (pt: Proporcional) | When established as a single percentage incident on the value of the taxable material, the tax amount increases only when the basic value for calculation increases (ICMS, IPI and ISS, when incident on revenue) Progressive (pt: Progressivo) | When the rates are set at variable and increasing percentages, according to the increase in the value of the taxable matter - for example, Personal Income Tax Regressive (pt: Regressivo) | Taxes are levied in equal percentages on taxpayers, without taking into account the economic capacity of the person who will bear the tax burden. This makes them "regressive", that is, taxpayers with lower economic conditions end up paying (proportionally) a larger share of taxes on their income. ICMS, IPI, PIS and COFINS are examples of regressive taxes (at the same time, they are also classified as indirect) Real (pt: Real) | This is a tax based on real (physical) assets, known as "Taxes on Assets", such as IPTU, IPVA and ITR Personal (pt: Pessoal) | Personal is the tax that establishes tax differences based on conditions inherent to the taxpayer. Taxes are levied according to the taxpayer's economic capacity (Income Tax for individuals and legal entities) Extrafiscal (pt: Extrafiscal) | Tax that aims not only at collecting revenue, but also at correcting anomalies. Example: Export Tax Parafiscal (pt: Parafiscal) | Contribution charged by an autarchy, parastatal, professional or social bodies, to cover their autonomous financing. Example: annual fee for CRC, CREA, OAB, etc Taxation II - Import Tax In Portuguese: Imposto de Importacao Level: Federal Levy: It is levied on all imported products in two different ways: goods worth up to US$100 and between US$100 and US$3,000 IE - Export Tax In Portuguese: Imposto de Exportacao Level: Federal Levy: It is levied on products produced in Brazil and sent to other countries IPI - Tax on Industrialized Products In Portuguese: Imposto sobre Produtos Industrializados Level: Federal Levy: It is levied on products that have undergone some industrialization process, whether imported or not; it is paid by importers and business owners IOF - Tax on Financial Transactions In Portuguese: Imposto sobre Operacoes Financeiras Level: Federal Levy: It is levied on credit, exchange or insurance transactions, for both individuals and legal entities IRPJ - Corporate Income Tax In Portuguese: Imposto de Renda Pessoa Juridica Level: Federal Levy: Monthly, quarterly or annual tax, depending on the tax regime, levied on companies on their gross income IRPF - Individual Income Tax In Portuguese: Imposto de Renda Pessoa Fisica Level: Federal Levy: Tax required from taxpayers with earnings above the ceiling established by the Federal Revenue Service ITR - Tax on Rural Land Property In Portuguese: Imposto sobre a Propriedade Territorial Rural Level: Federal Levy: Annual tax levied on rural property owners, whether individuals or legal entities COFINS - Contribution for the Financing of Social Security In Portuguese: Contribuicao para o Financiamento da Seguridade Social Level: Federal Levy: Annual tax levied on almost all companies to finance programs such as social security CIDE - Contribution for Intervention in the Economic Domain In Portuguese: Contribuicao de Intervencao no Dominio Economico Level: Federal Levy: Tax added to oil, natural gas and their derivatives; the rate is based on the cubic meter of fuel CSLL - Social Contribution on Net Income In Portuguese: Contribuicao Social sobre o Lucro Liquido Level: Federal Levy: Tax levied on the company's net income as set forth in the IRPJ INSS - National Institute of National Security In Portuguese: Instituto Nacional da Seguridade Nacional Level: Federal Levy: Tax collected from both individuals and legal entities to fund social security, among other areas FGTS - Service Time Guarantee Fund In Portuguese: Fundo de Garantia do Tempo de Servico Level: Federal Levy: Tax deducted from workers' salaries; it can be withdrawn by them in cases provided for by law, such as unfair dismissals PIS/PASEP - Social Integration Program / Public Servant Asset Formation Program In Portuguese: Programa de Integracao Social / Programa de Formacao do Patrimonio do Servidor Publico Level: Federal Levy: Tax collected to fund bonuses and unemployment insurance for workers in state-owned companies ICMS - Tax on the Circulation of Goods and Services In Portuguese: Imposto sobre Circulacao de Mercadorias e Servicos Level: State Levy: Tax collected by companies and passed on to consumers when they purchase products and services sold in Brazil ITCMD - Tax on Transfers of Property by Death and Donation In Portuguese: Imposto sobre Transmissao Causa Mortis e Doacao Level: State Levy: Tax levied on inheritances and donations and goes directly to the state coffers IPVA - Tax on Ownership of Motor Vehicles In Portuguese: Imposto sobre a Propriedade de Veiculos Automotores Level: State Levy: Tax collected from owners of motor vehicles; half of the amount collected goes to the state and the other part goes to city governments, which decide how to manage the money ITBI - Tax on Transfer of Assets Inter Vivos In Portuguese: Imposto sobre Transmissao de Bens Inter Vivos Level: Municipal Levy: Tax paid by the buyer of a property when transferring assets of this nature ISS - Tax on Services In Portuguese: Imposto sobre Servicos Level: Municipal Levy: Tax collected from companies and self-employed professionals IPTU - Tax on Urban Land and Real Estate Property In Portuguese: Imposto sobre a Propriedade Predial e Territorial Urbana Level: Municipal Levy: Tax collected from property owners or tenants Complexity of PIS and COFINS Some tax scholars say that PIS/COFINS can be considered Direct Taxes due to all the conceptual notions illustrated below. But, in fact, PIS/COFINS are widely considered Indirect Taxes by Brazilian Authorities, Companies and by the vast majority of tax experts (even by SAP). The complexity of those taxes lies in conceptual notions of: Direct / Indirect Taxes Cumulativeness Legal Taxpayer Actual taxpayer General Economic Impact Specific Economic Impact Taxable Event Localized Processes in Purchasing (MM) and Sales (SD) These are some examples of localized logistics processes. Although sometimes there is an inherent complexity in SD pricing, in Brazil, the complexity of the operation and purchasing processes, including also inventory management, can be much greater in procurement (MM). And in sales, if the company sells not only goods, but services, then the complexity of sales processes can increase significantly. Sales (SD/OTC) Consignment Sales Future Delivery Sales Triangular Transactions (Third Party Sales) Sale with Returnable Packaging Sales Return (Return with original NF and issuing incoming NF) Sales Return (Return with NF and issued by the customer) Procurement (MM/PTP) Purchase Operations with Goods Receipt for: Industrialization Resales Use and Consumption Assets Services Freight Material Management (MM) Localization Localization of SAP ERP Materials Management is a part of SAP Logistics functionality. The SAP Logistics function incorporate a number of distinct areas that together follow the movement of materials from manufacturer to consumer. Materials Management contains many aspects of SAP functi onality, including purchasing, goods receiving, material storage, inventory, and invoicing. Standard Supported Scenarios in Brazil Localization Basic Scenarios Purchase Order scenario in Brazilian Localization Subsequent Debit/Credit scenario in Brazilian Localization Future Delivery scenario in Brazilian Localization Future Delivery - DIFAL scenario in Brazilian Localization Consignment scenario in Brazilian Localization Third-Party Selling scenario in Brazilian Localization Subcontracting Process with one Nota Fiscal in Brazilian Localization Subcontracting Process with two Notas Fiscais in Brazilian Localization Subcontracting Process with Deliveries in Brazilian Localization Normal Resale Process in Brazilian Localization Industry Resale material in Brazilian Localization Returnable Packaging with one Nota Fiscal in Brazilian Localization Returnable Packaging with two Notas Fiscais in Brazilian Localization Freight Scenarios Planned Freight (Planned Delivery Costs) scenario in Brazilian Localization Unplanned Freight (Unplanned Delivery Costs) scenario in Brazilian Localization Freight with several Notas Fiscais scenario in Brazilian Localization Conhecimento de Transporte Eletrônico (CTe) scenario in Brazilian Localization Stock Transfer Scenarios Stock Transfer with Materials Management (MM) in Brazilian Localization Stock Transfer Order (STO) in Brazilian Localization Intracompany Stock Transport Order with Valuated Stock In Transit (STO SiT) for Brazilian Localization Stock Transport Order using Inbound Delivery scenario in Brazilian Localization Stock Transfer Order (STO) with Full/Partial Return of Transit Stock in Brazilian Localization Services Scenarios Service Purchase Order process with DIEN material type in Brazilian Localization Service Purchase Order Withholding - Service Management in Brazilian Localization Service Purchase Order scenario using External Services Management in Brazilian Localization Service Purchase Order Withholding Accumulation - Service Management in Brazilian Localization SAP Brazilian Tax Calculation Schema Sales (SD/OTC) Tax Procedure: RVABRA Procurement (MM/PTP) Tax Procedure: TAXBRA Hint : TAXBRJ is a deprecated tax procedure (do not use) Main Customizing Related with the Brazilian Tax Procedures CBT activation Configure Tax Codes Tax Groups Dynamic Exceptions Tax Rates Condition Types Account Keys Condition Records Access Sequences Condition Codes Tax Jurisdiction Screen Controls Conditions Mappings Tax Posting Strings Internal codes Price conditions TAXBRA/RVABRA pricing adjustments MP135 Implementation (Withholding Tax and ISS) CFOP Jurisdiction Codes Tax Laws Tax Situations Hint : All this customizing are done by Logistic Consultants (MM/SD) TAXBRA additional information Transaction "FTXP" is not used in "TAXBRA" In simple terms: TAXBRJ = FTXP (Deprecated) TAXBRA = FV11 Tax Codes must be maintain via Transaction "J1BTAX" Conditions are activated via Transaction "FV11" and "FV12" Using Transaction "J1BTAX" to maintain the tax tables J_1BTX* and tax codes creates condition records automatically Brazilian Tax-O-Meter This is a meter of all taxes charged in the Brazilian territory. Currency: BRL (Brazilian Real) Period: Beginning of the current year until today (Each year the meter is reset) Warning : You're seeing it right. Depending on the month of the year, the value of taxes collected reaches billions or even trillions, with a “T”. The tax burden in Brazil is incredibly high. SAP Third-Party Solution Partners (Graded) These are some third-party solutions available in the Brazilian market to help companies with tax compliance, workflows, business intelligence (BI), artificial intelligence (AI) and automation. Solution Tax Engine E-Reporting E-Invoicing Inbound Automation Tax Correction Tax Payments Tax Management Foreign Trade Tax Refund Tax Files Exchange Tax Workflow Workflow AI /Automation BI / Reporting SAP S4 / ECC A+ SAP GRC NF-e A+ A B- SAP TDF A SAP ACR/DRC B Synchro B B+ B A- B B- Engineering B Thomson Reuters B B- B C B C VIM C GSF Fiscal A- KPMG KTAX B B- C B Sovos B Avalara B- C NSI B- Sonda B CIC B Dootax B Tecnospeed B C Service Now A SAP BPM B+ Automation Anywhere B UiPath B SAP BI A Power BI B- Tableau B- * These grades are not official grades, they were taken from personal experiences and research. Every day companies evolve and improve their technologies, solutions and services. Solution Topics Tax Engine (Motor Fiscal) | Very Important E-Reporting (SPED) | Very Important E-Invoicing (NF-e) | Very Important Inbound Automation (NF-e Entrada) | Important Tax Correction (Carta de Correcao) | Important Tax Payments (Guia / Pagamentos) | Optional Tax Management (Gestao Fiscal) | Optional Foreign Trade (Comex) | Optional Tax Refund (PER/DCOMP) | Optional Tax Files Exchange (Automacao PVA) | Nice to Have Tax Workflow (Agenda Tributaria)| Nice to Have Workflow (Fluxo de Trabalho)| Nice to Have AI - Artificial Intelligence / Automation (Inteligencia Artificial / Automacao)| Nice to Have BI - Business Intelligence / Reporting (Relatorios)| Nice to Have Warning : Don't take this as a recommendation. Every company has different requirements depending on size, industry, processes, budget and pain points. Do your homework looking for the best solution for your company. And remember, always ask the solution provider for a demo, references from other companies as a success case, and if possible, put yourself in contact with their success case companies. NF-e | Nota Fiscal Electronic Nota Fiscal or simply NF-e is the official document in Brazil in a form of "electronic tax invoice". This kind of e-invoicing is used in logistics and services operations. This document is the basis for Brazilian legal operations and reports. SAP has the solution to create, validate and bookkeeping it as well. The Nota Fiscal is under States and Municipality rules, it can be electronic and can be on paper, which it is called DANFE (Auxiliary Document of the Electronic Invoice). The use of NF-e is mandatory and that official file is a digital magnetic file, on XML format. The NF-e deals with sales, purchases and returns. SAP solution for NF-e ensuring creation and validations in the government system. NFe Authorization Flow Outbound Receive Nota Fiscal, Convert to XML Digital Signature Create Batches Manage Status with Government Store Status Updates with Back-end Inbound Receive XML and Check Authorization Check Digital Signature Nofity Issuer Create Documents in ERP Backend (e.g. Inbound Delivery, Goods Receipt, Invoice) Inbound Nota Fiscal The inbound nota fiscal, or MM nota fiscal, is not issued by the company, but by the venders. The company must acknowledge, book and report its. Outbound Nota Fiscal The outbound nota fiscal, or SD nota fiscal, must be issued, validated, booked and reported be the company. Examples of NF: NF for Billing NF for Shipments NF for returns NF for transfer NF-e | DANFE Electronic Nota Fiscal or simply NF-e is the official the official document in Brazil in a form of "electronic tax invoice". This kind of e-invoicing is used in logistics and services operations. This document is the basis for Brazilian legal operations and reports. SAP has the solution to create, validate and bookkeeping it as well. The Nota Fiscal is under States and Municipality rules, it can be electronic and can be on paper, which it is called DANFE (Auxiliary Document of the Electronic Invoice). DANFE Example The DANFE , on paper NF-e, is mandatory for goods movement, so it should be printed and carried along with the goods. Failing to do the goods movement, out of the branches gates, with the DANFE can cause penalties for the company. Tax Engine (Thomson Reuters | Customization Steps) Corporations using SAP as their Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system can simplify their worldwide Indirect Tax requirements by implementing third-party solutions. Some features can include Tax Determination, Integration for SAP, Reporting, and Compliance. Thomson Reuters | OneSource (Global Next / IDT Indirect Determination Tax) The Brazil tax calculation logic is notably complex with many calculations and configuration requirements. It is a challenge to implement even by the most experienced and requires a lot of adjustments and configurations that are specific to your company requirements, customers, products, business models, and reporting needs. The benefits provided by OneSource Indirect Tax Suite are : Fast, accurate sales, use, consumer’s use tax, and VAT results. Monthly tax rate and rules updates for over 175 countries. Integrated tax calculation with SAP minimizing user decisions and tax errors. Removal of the need to change SAP tax codes e ach time a rate/rule changes, eliminating business interruptions, and running out of tax codes in SAP. Complete audit database from which you can generate both standard and custom reports as well as returns. Limitations of the Third-party Solution (OneSource) Solution doesn't include Nota Fiscal creation (Only Tax Determinantion). Nota Fiscal feature needs to be enabled by SAP TAXBRA standard solution. Withholding Taxes Outbound for Sale of Services. Withholding Taxes Inbound for Purchase of Services (Solution developed in July 2023). These are some settings to support Brazil Enablement FI Configuration Createing New Brazil Contigiton Types for FI Creating the Tax Procesure Defining Tax Codes for Sales and Purchases Jurisdiction Code Settings Adding the Required Tax Regions * This step is called "FI Configuration" because the transactions are located in the IMG financial tree like other global VAT tax configuration, but in Brazil it is done by logistics consultants, not financial consultants. SD Configuration Creating New Brazil Condition Types for SD Creating the Pricing Procedure Assigning the New Pricing Procedure to Sales Transactions Define Tax Determination Rules Define Tax Relevance of Customer Master Records MM Configuration Creating New Condition Types Creating a Calculation Schema Assingin the New Calculation Schema to Purchase Transactions Master Data Setup Assign Tax Indicator in the Material Master Sales Organization View Maintain Default Values for Tax Codes Maintain Commodity Code Assign Tax indicator in the Customer Master Maintain Condition Type to Determine Tax Code Global Next (OneSource) Configuration Maintain Determine Condition Types for Taxes Table Brazil Registration Number Requeriments and Other Fiel Mapping Class /IDT/BRAZIL_MATERIAL_USAGE Class /IDT/BRAZIL_FED_REG_NUMBER Commodity Code Map in Field Mapping Table Nota Fiscal Support Configuration J1BTAX Settings Other Configuration Seetings (SPRO) New Brazil Route /IDT/ROUTE_GROUP_DELIVERY New Brazil Auto Journey /IDT/JOURNEY_BRAZIL_SD_ADJUST Dynamic CST Determination for MM CST Determinantion for SD Tax Jurisdiction Codes for Brazil Nota Fiscal Filed Mappings for Inbound STO Process CFOP (Fiscal Code for Operations and Provisions) CFOP is the acronym of the "Codigo Fiscal de Operacoes e Prestacoes" or in English "Fiscal Code for Operations and Provisions". This code identifies a specific transaction by category when issuing the nota fiscal. The nota fiscal contains a huge amount of information. That is why cannot be compared with a simply invoice or even an e-invoicing from other countries in the South America. With that in mind, it is important to know the main information in the nota fiscal, and one of them is the CFOP. Understanding the CFOP is very useful to start to assimilate the content of the nota fiscal and avoid mistakes. The CFOP Code determines the taxation on the operation and if there is any financial or inventory movements for to the Tax Authorities. The different types of CFOP separate the nota fiscal by type (inbound or outbound nota fiscal), by region and by nature of the operation. CFOP Examples Warning : In the CFOP full list there are hundreds of CFOPs. CFOP Description Movement SAP Module 1102 Purchase of products from vendors Same State MM 2102 Purchase of products from vendors Other State MM 3102 Purchase of products from vendors Other Country MM 5102 Product Sales to customers Same State SD 6102 Product Sales to customers Other State SD 7102 Product Sales to customers Other Country SD Understanding the CFOP The CFOP code is basically a 4-digit code. Example : 1102 Purchase of products from vendors in the same state 1º Digit : Identifies the direction (Inbound or Outbound) 2º Digit : Identifies which group or operation is referred 3º and 4º Digits : Identifies the type of operation CFOP Coding 1º digit identifies the direction. Example : 1102 / 2102 / 3102 / 5102 / 6102 / 7102 1xxx |Purchase of the same state (Intrastate operation) 2xxx |Purchase of other state (Interstate operation) 3xxx |Purchase of other country (Importation) 5xxx |Sales to the same state (Intrastate operation) 6xxx |Sales to other state (Interstate operation) 7xxx |Sales to other country (Exportation) 2º digit identifies which group or operation is referred. Example : 1102 / 1202 / 1302 / 1403 / 1556 / 1653 / 1916 x1xx | Purchase / Industrialization / Transfers / Services x2xx | Return / Electricity x3xx | Communication services / Transport services x4xx | Goods with tax substitution / Integration x5xx | Export / Fixed Assets / Material for Use x9xx | Other Entries / Free Samples / Bonus / Repairs / Exhibition Warning : It is not possible to perform operations of different natures on the same nota fiscal. For example, even if it refers to the same customer, a sales nota fiscal cannot be issued together with a return item. Each operation must have a different nota fiscal. CFOP Detailed list You can see below a more complete list of the CFOPs. Unfortunately the Brazilian Government only provides it in Portuguese. Type Origin/Destination CFOP Description Detailed Explanation Compra Mesmo estado 1102 Compra para comercialização Compra de produtos, de fornecedor do seu estado, sem substituição tributária Compra Outro estado 2102 Compra para comercialização Compra de produtos, de fornecedor de outro estado, sem substituição tributária Compra Outro estado 2403 Compra para comercialização em operação com mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária Compra de produtos, de fornecedor de outro estado, com substituição tributária Compra Outro estado 2556 Classificam-se neste código as compras de produtos destinadas ao uso ou consumo do estabelecimento. Compra de produtos de fornecedor/vendedor de outro estado, destinados ao uso / consumo da empresa, por exemplo, materiais para consumir no dia-a-dia. Compra Outro estado 2551 Compra de bem para o ativo imobilizado Compra de produtos de fornecedor/vendedor de outro estado, que são destinados às atividades da empresa. Entrada Mesmo estado 1908 Entrada de bem por conta de contrato de comodatoo Entrada de bem que você recebe em comodato. No contrato de comodato, a empresa que é dona do bem o “empresta” sem cobrar por isso, mas por outro lado, pode retirar quando decidir. Neste caso (1908), o bem “emprestado” pertence ao mesmo estado. Entrada Mesmo estado 1912 Entrada de mercadoria ou bem recebido para demonstração ou mostruário Entrada Mesmo estado 1917 Entrada de mercadoria recebida em consignação mercantil ou industrial Entrada de mercadoria recebida em consignação. No contrato de consignação mercantil ou industrial, a mercadoria é consignada com a intenção de ser vendida. Neste caso (1917), a mercadoria é do mesmo estado. Entrada Outro estado 2908 Entrada de bem por conta de contrato de comodato Entrada de bem que você recebe em comodato. No contrato de comodato, a empresa que é dona do bem o “empresta” sem cobrar por isso, mas por outro lado, pode retirar quando decidir. Neste caso (2908), o bem “emprestado” pertence a outro estado. Entrada Outro estado 2912 Entrada de mercadoria ou bem recebido para demonstração ou mostruário Entrada Outro estado 2917 Entrada de mercadoria recebida em consignação mercantil ou industrial Entrada de mercadoria recebida em consignação. No contrato de consignação mercantil ou industrial, a mercadoria é consignada com a intenção de ser vendida. Neste caso (1917), a mercadoria é de outro estado. Devolução Outro estado 2411 Devolução de venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros em operação com mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária Devolução de um produto que você vendeu para um cliente de outro estado e possui substituição tributária. Devolução Outro estado 2202 Devolução de venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros Devolução de um produto que você vendeu para um cliente de outro estado e não possui substituição tributária. Devolução Outro estado 2204 Devolução de venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, destinada à Zona Franca de Manaus ou Áreas de Livre Comércio Devolução de um produto que você vendeu para um cliente de outro estado, na Zona Franca de Manaus ou Áreas de Livre Comércio, e que não possui substituição tributária. Devolução Mesmo estado 1202 Devolução de venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros Devolução de um produto que você vendeu para um cliente do mesmo estado e não possui substituição tributária. Devolução Mesmo estado 1204 Devolução de venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, destinada à Zona Franca de Manaus ou Áreas de Livre Comércio Devolução de um produto que você vendeu para um cliente do mesmo estado, na Zona Franca de Manaus ou Áreas de Livre Comércio, e que não possui substituição tributária. Devolução Mesmo estado 1411 Devolução de venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros em operação com mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária Devolução de um produto que você vendeu para um cliente do mesmo estado e possui substituição tributária. Devolução Outro estado 2553 Devolução de venda de bem do ativo imobilizado Devolução de uma venda feita com bens utilizados nas atividades da sua empresa, para pessoa ou empresa de outro estado. Devolução Mesmo estado 1553 Devolução de venda de bem do ativo imobilizado Devolução de uma venda feita com bens utilizados nas atividades da sua empresa, para pessoa ou empresa do mesmo estado. Devolução Mesmo estado 1209 Devolução de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, remetida em transferência Devolução de um produto que foi enviado pela sua empresa para terceiros do mesmo estado, para fins diversos (venda, demonstração, etc). Devolução Mesmo estado 1918 Devolução de mercadoria remetida em consignação mercantil ou industrial Devolução de um produto que você enviou em consignação para outra empresa que está no mesmo estado que a sua. Devolução Outro estado 2209 Devolução de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, remetida em transferência Devolução de um produto que foi enviado pela sua empresa para terceiros de outro estado, para fins diversos (venda, demonstração, etc). Devolução Outro estado 2918 Devolução de mercadoria remetida em consignação mercantil ou industrial Devolução de um produto que você enviou em consignação para uma empresa que é de outro estado. Retorno Mesmo estado 1415 Retorno de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, remetida para venda fora do estabelecimento em operação com mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária Retorno de mercadoria com substituição tributária, que você enviou para vender fora da sua empresa, mas no mesmo estado. Retorno Mesmo estado 1904 Retorno de remessa para venda fora do estabelecimento Retorno de mercadoria sem substituição tributária, que você enviou para vender fora da sua empresa, mas no mesmo estado. Retorno Outro estado 2415 Retorno de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, remetida para venda fora do estabelecimento em operação com mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária Retorno de mercadoria com substituição tributária, que você enviou para vender fora da sua empresa e em outro estado. Retorno Outro estado 2904 Retorno de remessa para venda fora do estabelecimento Retorno de mercadoria sem substituição tributária, que você enviou para vender fora da sua empresa e em outro estado. Retorno Mesmo estado 1554 Retorno de bem do ativo imobilizado remetido para uso fora do estabelecimento Retorno de um bem da sua empresa que foi enviado para ser usado em outro local, dentro do seu estado. Retorno Outro estado 2554 Retorno de bem do ativo imobilizado remetido para uso fora do estabelecimento Retorno de um bem da sua empresa que foi enviado para ser usado em outro local, fora do seu estado. Retorno Mesmo estado 1555 Entrada de bem do ativo imobilizado de terceiro, remetido para uso no estabelecimento Quando sua empresa recebe um bem de outra empresa, que está no mesmo estado, para utilização nas atividades de sua empresa. Retorno Outro estado 2555 Entrada de bem do ativo imobilizado de terceiro, remetido para uso no estabelecimento Quando sua empresa recebe um bem de outra empresa, que está em outro estado, para utilização nas atividades de sua empresa. Retorno Mesmo estado 1906 Retorno de mercadoria remetida para depósito fechado ou armazém geral Quando sua própria mercadoria retorna ao seu estoque de um armazém ou depósito no mesmo estado que o seu. Retorno Mesmo estado 1907 Retorno simbólico de mercadoria remetida para depósito fechado ou armazém geral Quando ocorre algum imprevisto no envio da sua própria mercadoria para um armazém ou depósito de estocagem (no mesmo estado) e ela retorna ao seu estoque, antes de ter chegado ao destino inicial. Retorno Outro estado 2906 Retorno de mercadoria remetida para depósito fechado ou armazém geral Quando sua própria mercadoria retorna ao seu estoque de um armazém ou depósito de outro estado. Retorno Outro estado 2907 Retorno simbólico de mercadoria remetida para depósito fechado ou armazém geral Quando ocorre algum imprevisto no envio da sua própria mercadoria para um armazém ou depósito de estocagem (em outro estado) e ela retorna ao seu estoque, antes de ter chegado ao destino inicial. Retorno Mesmo estado 1909 Retorno de bem remetido por conta de contrato de comodato Retorno de bem que você enviou em comodato. No contrato de comodato, a empresa que é dona do bem o “empresta” sem cobrar por isso, mas por outro lado, pode retirar quando decidir. Neste caso (2908), o bem da sua empresa foi emprestado para uma empresa do mesmo estado. Retorno Mesmo estado 1913 Retorno de mercadoria ou bem remetido para demonstração, mostruário ou treinamento Retorno de mercadoria que você enviou para demonstração, mostruário ou treinamento em outra empresa no mesmo estado que o seu. Retorno Mesmo estado 1914 Retorno de mercadoria ou bem remetido para exposição ou feira Retorno de mercadoria que você enviou para uma exposição ou feira que ocorreu no mesmo estado que o seu. Retorno Mesmo estado 1916 Retorno de mercadoria ou bem remetido para conserto ou reparo Retorno de uma mercadoria de sua empresa, que você enviou para arrumar em um lugar no mesmo estado. Retorno Outro estado 2909 Retorno de bem remetido por conta de contrato de comodato Retorno de bem que você enviou em comodato. No contrato de comodato, a empresa que é dona do bem o “empresta” sem cobrar por isso, mas por outro lado, pode retirar quando decidir. Neste caso (2908), o bem da sua empresa foi emprestado para uma empresa de outro estado. Retorno Outro estado 2913 Retorno de mercadoria ou bem remetido para demonstração, mostruário ou treinamento Retorno de mercadoria que você enviou apenas para demonstração, mostruário ou treinamento em outra empresa em outro estado diferente do seu. Retorno Outro estado 2914 Retorno de mercadoria ou bem remetido para exposição ou feira Retorno de mercadoria que você enviou para uma exposição ou feira que ocorreu em outro estado diferente do seu. Retorno Outro estado 2916 Retorno de mercadoria ou bem remetido para conserto ou reparo Retorno de uma mercadoria de sua empresa, que você enviou para arrumar em um lugar em um estado diferente do seu. Retorno Mesmo estado 1915 Entrada de mercadoria ou bem recebido para conserto ou reparo Quando sua empresa recebe um produto para arrumar/consertar, vindo do mesmo estado que o seu. Retorno Outro estado 2915 Entrada de mercadoria ou bem recebido para conserto ou reparo Quando sua empresa recebe um produto para arrumar/consertar, vindo de um estado diferente do seu. Retorno Mesmo estado 1925 Retorno de mercadoria remetida para industrialização por conta e ordem do adquirente da mercadoria, quando esta não transitar pelo estabelecimento do adquirente Quando um produto seu, que foi enviado para uma indústria no mesmo estado que o da sua empresa, retorna para você antes mesmo de chegar no seu cliente. Retorno Outro estado 2925 Retorno de mercadoria remetida para industrialização por conta e ordem do adquirente da mercadoria, quando esta não transitar pelo estabelecimento do adquirente Quando um produto seu, que foi enviado para uma indústria em outro estado, retorna para você antes mesmo de chegar no seu cliente. Retorno Outro estado 2949 Outra entrada de mercadoria ou prestação de serviço não especificada Qualquer outra entrada de mercadoria na sua empresa, vinda de outro estado, que não se encaixe em nenhuma das outras especificações anteriores. Este CFOP é muito usado para troca em garantia. Retorno Mesmo estado 1949 Outra entrada de mercadoria ou prestação de serviço não especificada Qualquer outra entrada de mercadoria na sua empresa, vinda do mesmo estado, que não se encaixe em nenhuma das outras especificações anteriores. Transferência Mesmo estado 1152 Transferência de produtos de outro estabelecimento da mesma empresa, para serem comercializadas. Quando sua empresa recebe seus produtos vindos de outro espaço da sua própria rede, dentro do mesmo estado, para que seja vendido. Transferência Outro estado 2152 Transferência de produtos de outro estabelecimento da mesma empresa, para serem comercializadas. Quando sua empresa recebe seus produtos vindos de outro espaço da sua própria rede, dentro de outro estado, para que seja vendido. Transferência Mesmo estado 1409 Transferência para comercialização em operação com mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária, para serem comercializadas, decorrentes de operações sujeitas ao regime de substituição tributária. Quando sua empresa recebe seus produtos com substituição tributária vindos de outro espaço da sua própria rede, dentro do mesmo estado, para que seja vendido. Transferência Outro estado 2409 Transferência para comercialização em operação com mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária, para serem comercializadas, decorrentes de operações sujeitas ao regime de substituição tributária. Quando sua empresa recebe seus produtos com substituição tributária vindos de outro espaço da sua própria rede, dentro de outro estado, para que seja vendido. Transferência Mesmo estado 1154 Transferência para utilização na prestação de serviço de outro estabelecimento da mesma empresa, para serem utilizadas nas prestações de serviços. Quando sua empresa recebe uma mercadoria vinda da sua própria empresa, de uma sede no mesmo estado, para utilizar ao prestar um serviço. Transferência Outro estado 2154 Transferência para utilização na prestação de serviço de outro estabelecimento da mesma empresa, para serem utilizadas nas prestações de serviços. Quando sua empresa recebe uma mercadoria vinda da sua própria empresa, de uma sede em outro estado, para utilizar ao prestar um serviço. Transferência Mesmo estado 1557 Transferência de material para uso ou consumo recebidos em transferência de outro estabelecimento da mesma empresa. Quando sua empresa recebe uma mercadoria vinda da sua própria empresa, de uma sede no mesmo estado, para uso ou consumo. Transferência Outro estado 2557 Transferência de material para uso ou consumo recebidos em transferência de outro estabelecimento da mesma empresa. Quando sua empresa recebe uma mercadoria vinda da sua própria empresa, de uma sede em outro estado, para uso ou consumo. Transferência Mesmo estado 1552 Transferência de bem do ativo imobilizado recebidos em transferência de outro estabelecimento da mesma empresa. Quando sua empresa recebe uma mercadoria vinda da sua própria empresa, de uma sede no mesmo estado, mercadoria essa para ser destinada às atividades da empresa. Transferência Outro estado 2552 Transferência de bem do ativo imobilizado recebidos em transferência de outro estabelecimento da mesma empresa. Quando sua empresa recebe uma mercadoria vinda da sua própria empresa, de uma sede de outro estado, mercadoria essa para ser destinada às atividades da empresa. Venda Mesmo estado 5102 Venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros Venda de um produto para um cliente do mesmo estado e que não possui substituição tributária. Venda Outro estado 6102 Venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros Venda de um produto para um cliente de outro estado e que não possui substituição tributária. Venda Mesmo estado 5403 Venda de mercadoria, adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária, na condição de **contribuinte-substituto** Venda de uma mercadoria que você comprou de terceiros e que tenha substituição tributária. Nesse caso, a venda é feita dentro do mesmo estado e sua empresa é quem vai pagar o imposto. Venda Mesmo estado 5405 Venda de mercadoria, adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária, na condição de contribuinte-substituído Venda de uma mercadoria que você comprou de terceiros e que tenha substituição tributária. Nesse caso, a venda é feita dentro do mesmo estado e a empresa que comprou é quem vai pagar o imposto. Venda Outro estado 6403 Venda de mercadoria, adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária, na condição de **contribuinte-substituto** Venda de uma mercadoria que você comprou de terceiros e que tenha substituição tributária. Nesse caso, a venda é feita para outro estado e sua empresa é quem vai pagar o imposto. Venda Outro estado 6404 Venda de mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária, cujo imposto já tenha sido retido anteriormente Venda para cliente de outro estado, de uma mercadoria que já teve o imposto retido anteriormente. Venda Mesmo estado 5110 Venda de mercadoria, adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, destinada à Zona Franca de Manaus ou Áreas de Livre Comercio, de que trata o Anexo do Convênio SINIEF s/n, de 15 de dezembro de 1970, que dispõe sobre o Sistema Nacional Integrado de Informações Econômico-Fiscais Venda de produto para um cliente do mesmo estado, na Zona Franca de Manaus ou Áreas de Livre Comércio, e que não possui substituição tributária. Venda Outro estado 6108 Venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, destinada a não contribuinte Venda de mercadoria, que foi comprada de terceiros, para comprador de outro estado que não contribui com ICMS. Isento de ICMS, isso não significa que não possui Inscrição Estadual, ok? Venda Mesmo estado 5551 Venda de bem do ativo imobilizado Venda de BEM da empresa para comprador do mesmo estado. Venda Outro estado 6551 Venda de bem do ativo imobilizado Venda de BEM da empresa para comprador de outro estado. Venda Mesmo estado 5114 Venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros **REMETIDA** anteriormente em consignação mercantil Quando você vende um produto que anteriormente enviou como em consignação, você utiliza esse CFOP após fazer uma emissão com o 1917. Venda Mesmo estado 5115 Venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, **RECEBIDA** anteriormente em consignação mercantil Quando sua empresa compra um produto que foi recebido em consignação e faz a venda deste dentro do mesmo estado. Venda Mesmo estado 5117 Venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, originada de encomenda para entrega futura Quando você emite uma nota de venda para um cliente do mesmo estado, que encomendou mercadoria da sua empresa, mas ainda não a recebeu. Utilizado na entrega da mercadoria emitida pela NF com CFOP 5922. Venda Mesmo estado 5119 Venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros entregue ao destinatário por conta e ordem do adquirente originário, em venda à ordem Quando seu cliente, do mesmo estado que sua empresa, vende um produto que comprou da sua empresa e manda entregar direto no cliente dele. Nesse caso, seu cliente paga pelo frete. Venda Mesmo estado 5120 Venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros entregue ao destinatário pelo vendedor remetente, em venda à ordem Quando seu cliente, do mesmo estado que sua empresa, vende um produto que comprou da sua empresa e manda entregar direto no cliente dele. Nesse caso, sua empresa paga pelo frete. Venda Mesmo estado 5922 Lançamento efetuado a título de simples faturamento decorrente de venda para entrega futura Quando você emite uma nota de lançamento de mercadoria sem substituição tributária para um cliente do mesmo estado, que encomendou mercadoria da sua empresa mas ainda não a recebeu. Utilizado em casos de adiantamento ou recebimento financeiro. Venda Outro estado 6922 Lançamento efetuado a título de simples faturamento decorrente de venda para entrega futura. Quando você emite uma nota de lançamento de mercadoria sem substituição tributária para um cliente de outro estado, que encomendou mercadoria da sua empresa mas ainda não a recebeu. Utilizado em casos de adiantamento ou recebimento financeiro. Venda Outro estado 6104 Venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, efetuada fora do estabelecimento Quando a nota é referente a uma venda que foi realizada fora do estabelecimento, para cliente de outro estado. Venda Mesmo estado 5104 Venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, efetuada fora do estabelecimento Quando a nota é referente a uma venda que foi realizada fora do estabelecimento, para cliente do mesmo estado. Venda Outro estado 6110 Venda de mercadoria, adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, destinada à Zona Franca de Manaus ou Áreas de Livre Comércio Venda de produto para um cliente de outro estado, na Zona Franca de Manaus ou Áreas de Livre Comércio, e que não possui substituição tributária. Venda Mesmo estado 5110 Venda de mercadoria, adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, destinada à Zona Franca de Manaus ou Áreas de Livre Comércio Venda de produto para um cliente do mesmo estado, na Zona Franca de Manaus ou Áreas de Livre Comércio, e que não possui substituição tributária. Venda Outro estado 6114 Venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros **REMETIDA** anteriormente em consignação mercantil Quando sua empresa consigna um produto a um cliente de outro estado e esse cliente faz a venda desse produto. Venda Outro estado 6115 Venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, **RECEBIDA** anteriormente em consignação mercantil Quando sua empresa recebe um produto em consignação e faz a venda dele para outro estado. Venda Outro estado 6117 Venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros, originada de encomenda para entrega futura Quando você emite uma nota de venda para um cliente de outro estado, que encomendou mercadoria da sua empresa, mas ainda não a recebeu. Venda Outro estado 6119 Venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros entregue ao destinatário por conta e ordem do adquirente originário, em venda à ordem Quando seu cliente, de outro estado, vende um produto que comprou da sua empres e manda entregar direto no cliente dele. Nesse caso, seu cliente paga pelo frete. Venda Outro estado 6120 Venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros entregue ao destinatário pelo vendedor remetente, em venda à ordem Quando seu cliente, de outro estado, vende um produto que comprou da sua empresa e manda entregar direto no cliente dele. Nesse caso, sua empresa paga pelo frete. Venda Mesmo estado 5123 Venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros remetida para industrialização, por conta e ordem do adquirente, sem transitar pelo estabelecimento do adquirente Quando você manda uma mercadoria para alteração, adição de outros itens para compor o que você vende, sem que a matéria-prima passe por seu estabelecimento Venda Outro estado 6123 Venda de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros remetida para industrialização, por conta e ordem do adquirente, sem transitar pelo estabelecimento do adquirente Quando você manda uma mercadoria para alteração, adição de outros itens para compor o que você vende, sem que a matéria-prima passe por seu estabelecimento Remessa Mesmo estado 5917 Remessa de mercadoria em consignação mercantil ou industrial Saída de mercadoria em consignação. No contrato de consignação mercantil ou industrial, a mercadoria é consignada com a intenção de ser vendida. Neste caso, a mercadoria vai para o mesmo estado. Remessa Mesmo estado 5908 Remessa de bem por conta de contrato de comodato Saída de bem da sua empresa em comodato. No contrato de comodato, a empresa que é dona do bem o “empresta” sem cobrar por isso, mas por outro lado, pode retirar quando decidir. Neste caso o bem é “emprestado” para uma empresa no mesmo estado. Remessa Mesmo estado 5909 Retorno de bem recebido por conta de contrato de comodato Saída de bem que você recebeu em comodato. No contrato de comodato, a empresa que é dona do bem o “empresta” sem cobrar por isso, mas por outro lado, pode retirar quando decidir. Neste caso, o bem “emprestado” pertence a uma outra empresa do mesmo estado e você está devolvendo. Remessa Outro estado 6908 Remessa de bem por conta de contrato de comodato Saída de bem da sua empresa em comodato. No contrato de comodato, a empresa que é dona do bem o “empresta” sem cobrar por isso, mas por outro lado, pode retirar quando decidir. Neste caso o bem é “emprestado” para uma empresa em outro estado. Remessa Outro estado 6909 Retorno de bem recebido por conta de contrato de comodato Saída de bem que você recebeu em comodato. No contrato de comodato, a empresa que é dona do bem o “empresta” sem cobrar por isso, mas por outro lado, pode retirar quando decidir. Neste caso, o bem “emprestado” pertence a uma outra empresa de outro estado e você está devolvendo. Remessa Outro estado 6917 Remessa de mercadoria em consignação mercantil ou industrial Saída de mercadoria em consignação. No contrato de consignação mercantil ou industrial, a mercadoria é consignada com a intenção de ser vendida. Neste caso, a mercadoria vai para outro estado. Devolução Mesmo estado 5412 Devolução de bem do ativo imobilizado, em operação com mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária Devolução de produtos que seriam destinados ao consumo/uso da empresa para fornecedor/vendedor do mesmo estado. Produtos com substituição tributária. Devolução Mesmo estado 5553 Devolução de compra de bem para o ativo imobilizado Devolução de produtos que seriam destinados ao consumo/uso da empresa para fornecedor/vendedor do mesmo estado. Produtos sem substituição tributária. Devolução Outro estado 6412 Devolução de bem do ativo imobilizado, em operação com mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária Devolução de produtos que seriam destinados ao consumo/uso da empresa para fornecedor/vendedor de outro estado. Produtos com substituição tributária. Devolução Outro estado 6553 Devolução de compra de bem para o ativo imobilizado Devolução de produtos que seriam destinados ao consumo/uso da empresa para fornecedor/vendedor de outro estado. Produtos com substituição tributária. Devolução Mesmo estado 5202 Devolução de compra para comercialização Devolução de produtos que foram comprados para sua empresa vender. Quando esses produtos não têm substituição tributária e são de fornecedor do mesmo estado que o da sua empresa. Devolução Outro estado 6202 Devolução de compra para comercialização Devolução de produtos que foram comprados para sua empresa vender. Quando esses produtos não têm substituição tributária e são de fornecedor de outro estado. Devolução Mesmo estado 5411 Devolução de compra para comercialização em operação com mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária Devolução de produtos que foram comprados para sua empresa vender. Quando esses produtos possuem substituição tributária e são de fornecedor do mesmo estado que o da sua empresa. Devolução Outro estado 6411 Devolução de compra para comercialização em operação com mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária Devolução de produtos que foram comprados para sua empresa vender. Quando esses produtos possuem substituição tributária e são de fornecedor de outro estado. Devolução Mesmo estado 5918 Devolução de mercadoria recebida em consignação mercantil ou industrial Devolução de mercadoria que foi recebida em consignação. No contrato de consignação mercantil ou industrial, a mercadoria é consignada com a intenção de ser vendida. Neste caso, a mercadoria é do mesmo estado. Devolução Mesmo estado 5919 Devolução simbólica de mercadoria vendida ou utilizada em processo industrial, recebida anteriormente em consignação mercantil ou industrial Quando, por algum motivo pontual, você precisa fazer uma devolução apenas simbólica dentro do mesmo estado, sem realmente devolver a mercadoria que foi acordada em consignação. Devolução Mesmo estado 5921 evolução de vasilhame ou sacaria Quando sua empresa devolve uma embalagem, vasilhame ou sacaria para outra empresa do mesmo estado. Devolução Mesmo estado 5209 Devolução de produtos recebidas em transferência de outro estabelecimento da mesma empresa, para serem comercializadas. Quando, dentro do mesmo estado, sua empresa devolve produtos para outro espaço da sua própria rede, para que sejam vendidos. Devolução Outro estado 6209 Devolução de produtos recebidas em transferência de outro estabelecimento da mesma empresa, para serem comercializadas. Quando, entre diferentes estados, sua empresa devolve produtos para outro espaço da sua própria rede, para que sejam vendidos. Devolução Outro estado 6918 Devolução de mercadoria recebida em consignação mercantil ou industrial Devolução de mercadoria que foi recebida em consignação. No contrato de consignação mercantil ou industrial, a mercadoria é consignada com a intenção de ser vendida. Neste caso, a mercadoria é de outro estado. Devolução Outro estado 6919 Devolução simbólica de mercadoria vendida ou utilizada em processo industrial, recebida anteriormente em consignação mercantil ou industrial Quando, por algum motivo pontual, você precisa fazer uma devolução apenas simbólica para outro estado, sem realmente devolver a mercadoria que foi acordada em consignação. Devolução Outro estado 6921 evolução de vasilhame ou sacaria Quando sua empresa devolve uma embalagem, vasilhame ou sacaria para outra empresa de outro estado. Devolução Mesmo estado 5210 Devolução de compra para utilização na prestação de serviço Quando você devolve uma mercadoria, que comprou para usar na prestação de serviço, para uma empresa dentro do mesmo estado. Devolução Outro estado 6210 Devolução de compra para utilização na prestação de serviço Quando você devolve uma mercadoria, que comprou para usar na prestação de serviço, para uma empresa de outro estado. Devolução Mesmo estado 5413 Devolução de mercadoria destinada ao uso ou consumo, em operação com mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária. Devolução de mercadoria que você comprou de fornecedor/vendedor do mesmo estado, destinada ao uso / consumo da empresa e que tenha substituição tributária. Devolução Outro estado 6413 Devolução de mercadoria destinada ao uso ou consumo, em operação com mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária. Devolução de mercadoria que você comprou de fornecedor/vendedor de outro estado, destinada ao uso / consumo da empresa e que tenha substituição tributária. Devolução Outro estado 6556 Devolução de compra de material de uso ou consumo Devolução de mercadoria que você comprou de fornecedor/vendedor de outro estado, destinada ao uso / consumo da empresa e que não tenha substituição tributária. Devolução Mesmo estado 5556 Devolução de compra de material de uso ou consumo Devolução de mercadoria que você comprou de fornecedor/vendedor do mesmo estado, destinada ao uso / consumo da empresa e que não tenha substituição tributária. Remessa Mesmo estado 5904 Remessa para venda fora do estabelecimento Envio de mercadoria para fora do seu estabelecimento dentro do mesmo estado. Remessa Mesmo estado 6905 Remessa para depósito fechado ou armazém geral Envio de mercadoria para um depósito fechado ou armazém que fica em um outro estado. Remessa Mesmo estado 5905 Remessa para depósito fechado ou armazém geral Envio de mercadoria para um depósito fechado ou armazém que fica dentro do mesmo estado que sua empresa. Remessa Mesmo estado 5415 Remessa de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros para venda fora do estabelecimento, em operação com mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária Quando sua empresa envia, dentro do mesmo estado, uma mercadoria que foi recebida ou adquirida de terceiros e contém substituição tributária Remessa Outro estado 6904 Remessa para venda fora do estabelecimento Envio de mercadoria para fora do seu estabelecimento em outro estado. Remessa Outro estado 6415 Remessa de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros para venda fora do estabelecimento, em operação com mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária Quando sua empresa envia para outro estado uma mercadoria que foi recebida ou adquirida de terceiros e contém substituição tributária. Remessa Mesmo estado 5910 Remessa em bonificação, doação ou brinde Envio de mercadoria dentro do mesmo estado, com o intuito de doar, bonificar ou apenas dar um brinde, sem fins comerciais. Remessa Mesmo estado 5911 Remessa de amostra grátis Envio de amostra grátis para empresa do mesmo estado. Remessa Outro estado 6910 Remessa em bonificação, doação ou brinde Envio de mercadoria para outro estado, com o intuito de doar, bonificar ou apenas dar um brinde, sem fins comerciais. Remessa Outro estado 6911 Remessa de amostra grátis Envio de amostra grátis para empresa de outro estado. Remessa Mesmo estado 5912 Remessa de mercadoria ou bem para demonstração, mostruário ou treinamento Envio de mercadoria apenas para demonstração, mostruário ou treinamento no mesmo estado, sem fins comerciais, ou seja, não pode ser vendida. Remessa Mesmo estado 5913 Retorno de mercadoria ou bem recebido para demonstração ou mostruário Quando você devolve, para uma empresa no mesmo estado, uma mercadoria que foi recebida apenas para demonstração ou mostruário, não para ser vendida. Remessa Mesmo estado 5914 Remessa de mercadoria ou bem para exposição ou feira Quando você envia uma mercadoria para uma feira ou para ficar exposta no mesmo estado, mas que pode ser vendida caso necessário. Remessa Mesmo estado 5915 emessa de mercadoria ou bem para conserto ou reparo Quando você envia uma mercadoria ou bem de sua empresa, para arrumar em um lugar no mesmo estado. Remessa Mesmo estado 5916 Retorno de mercadoria ou bem recebido para conserto ou reparo Quando você devolve para uma empresa do mesmo estado, uma mercadoria ou bem que sua empresa recebeu para arrumar. Remessa Outro estado 6912 Remessa de mercadoria ou bem para demonstração, mostruário ou treinamento Envio de mercadoria apenas para demonstração, mostruário ou treinamento em outro estado, sem fins comerciais, ou seja, não pode ser vendida. Remessa Outro estado 6913 Retorno de mercadoria ou bem recebido para demonstração ou mostruário Quando você devolve, para uma empresa de outro estado, uma mercadoria que foi recebida apenas para demonstração ou mostruário, não para ser vendida. Remessa Outro estado 6914 Remessa de mercadoria ou bem para exposição ou feira Quando você envia uma mercadoria para uma feira ou para ficar exposta em outro estado, mas que pode ser vendida caso necessário. Remessa Outro estado 6915 Remessa de mercadoria ou bem para conserto ou reparo Quando você envia uma mercadoria ou bem de sua empresa, para arrumar em um lugar em outro estado. Remessa Outro estado 6916 Retorno de mercadoria ou bem recebido para conserto ou reparo Quando você devolve para uma empresa de outro estado, uma mercadoria ou bem que sua empresa recebeu para arrumar. Remessa Mesmo estado 5554 Remessa de bem do ativo imobilizado para uso fora do estabelecimento Quando você envia um bem da sua empresa para que seja utilizado fora do seu estabelecimento, no mesmo estado. Remessa Outro estado 6554 Remessa de bem do ativo imobilizado para uso fora do estabelecimento Quando você envia um bem da sua empresa para que seja utilizado fora do seu estabelecimento, em outro estado. Remessa Mesmo estado 5555 Devolução de bem do ativo imobilizado de terceiro, recebido para uso no estabelecimento Quando você devolve um bem de outra empresa, do mesmo estado que o seu, que foi “emprestado” para que fosse utilizado na sua empresa. Remessa Outro estado 6555 Devolução de bem do ativo imobilizado de terceiro, recebido para uso no estabelecimento Quando você devolve um bem de outra empresa, de outro estado, que foi “emprestado” para que fosse utilizado na sua empresa. Remessa Mesmo estado 5927 Lançamento efetuado a título de baixa de estoque decorrente de perda, roubo ou deterioração Quando você precisa emitir uma nota de baixa de estoque apenas, para um produto que foi roubado, perdido ou estragado. Remessa Mesmo estado 5928 Lançamento efetuado a título de baixa de estoque decorrente do encerramento da atividade da empresa Quando você precisa emitir uma nota de baixa de estoque porque sua empresa não terá mais atividade. Remessa Mesmo estado 5929 Lançamento efetuado em decorrência de emissão de documento fiscal relativo a operação ou prestação também registrada em equipamento Emissor de Cupom Fiscal – ECF Quando você compra mercadoria em estabelecimento que emite Cupom Fiscal, e você precisará de uma nota fiscal para entrada em Estoque/Uso Consumo Remessa Mesmo estado 5949 Outra saída de mercadoria ou prestação de serviço não especificado Qualquer outra saída de mercadoria da sua empresa, para o mesmo estado, que não se encaixe em nenhuma das outras especificações anteriores. Remessa Outro estado 6929 Lançamento efetuado em decorrência de emissão de documento fiscal relativo a operação ou prestação também registrada em equipamento Emissor de Cupom Fiscal – ECF Quando você compra mercadoria em estabelecimento que emite Cupom Fiscal, e você precisará de uma nota fiscal para entrada em Estoque/Uso Consumo Remessa Outro estado 6949 Outra saída de mercadoria ou prestação de serviço não especificado Qualquer outra saída de mercadoria da sua empresa, para outro estado, que não se encaixe em nenhuma das outras especificações anteriores. Remessa Mesmo estado 5206 Anulação de valor relativo a aquisição de serviço de transporte Quando você paga para uma transportadora para enviar ou receber uma mercadoria, e por algum motivo cancelará o processo, deverá emitir uma NF com essa CFOP para anular o valor de Frete, assim o transportador pode recuperar o valor sobre. Remessa Outro estado 6206 Anulação de valor relativo a aquisição de serviço de transporte Quando você paga para uma transportadora para enviar ou receber uma mercadoria, e por algum motivo cancelará o processo, deverá emitir uma NF com essa CFOP para anular o valor de Frete, assim o transportador pode recuperar o valor sobre. Remessa Mesmo estado 5603 Ressarcimento de ICMS retido por substituição tributária Quando você emite uma nota com valores que não deveriam ser debitados quanto a substituição tributária, e precisa recuperá-los de forma legal Remessa Mesmo estado 5606 Utilização de saldo credor do ICMS para extinção por compensação de débitos fiscais Esse é utilizado de acordo com estado e sua base legal. Remessa Outro estado 6603 Ressarcimento de ICMS retido por substituição tributária Quando você emite uma nota com valores que não deveriam ser debitados quanto a substituição tributária, e precisa recuperá-los de forma legal. Transferência Mesmo estado 5409 Transferência de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros em operação com mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária Saída de um produto que você comprou ou recebeu de um fornecedor / vendedor do mesmo estado e possui substituição tributária. Transferência Outro estado 6409 Transferência de mercadoria adquirida ou recebida de terceiros em operação com mercadoria sujeita ao regime de substituição tributária Saída de um produto que você comprou ou recebeu de um fornecedor / vendedor de outro estado e possui substituição tributária. Transferência Mesmo estado 5557 Transferência de material de uso ou consumo Transferência dentro do mesmo estado de materiais destinados ao uso ou consumo da empresa, por exemplo, para consumir no dia-a-dia. Transferência Outro estado 6557 Transferência de material de uso ou consumo Transferência para outro estado de materiais destinados ao uso ou consumo da empresa, por exemplo, para consumir no dia-a-dia. Transferência Mesmo estado 5552 Transferência de bem do ativo imobilizado Transferência dentro do mesmo estado de materiais que são destinados às atividades da empresa. Transferência Outro estado 6552 Transferência de bem do ativo imobilizado Transferência para outro estado de materiais que são destinados às atividades da empresa. CFOP Links Each Treasury Department maintains an updated table on its website. Here you can see links for some of the main states: CFOP Table | Sefaz AM | State Amazonas | https://online.sefaz.am.gov.br CFOP Table | Sefaz BA | State Bahia | https://www.sefaz.ba.gov.br/contribuinte/cfop.htm CFOP Table | Sefaz MA | State Maranhao | https://sistemas1.sefaz.ma.gov.br/portalsefaz/pdf?codigo=1577 CFOP Table | Sefaz SC | State Santa Catarina | https://legislacao.sef.sc.gov.br/cabecalhos/frame_ricms_01_10.htm CFOP Table | Sefaz SP | State Sao Paulo | https://legislacao.fazenda.sp.gov.br/Paginas/l6an5.aspx CNAE (National Classification of Economic Activities) The National Classification of Economic Activities or simply CNAE is used to determine which activities are carried out by a company. It is mandatory for all legal entities, the CNAE is essential for obtaining the Company ID. In addition to contributing to improving the country's tax management, this classification ensures that your company pays only the relevant taxes to the business. What happens if a divergent CNAE is chosen? If the CNAE is chosen incorrectly, there is a risk of paying undue taxes (even for more) and there is also a great chance that the company will be considered irregular by the regulators, including the payment of fines. How not to make a mistake in defining the company's CNAE? It is very important to have the guidance of registered accountant. In addition, the accountant will help you to: Choose the legal nature Define the size of the company Choose the tax regime and check the tax rates Carry out accounting and tax bookkeeping Guarantee the delivery of ancillary obligations Issue debt clearance certificates Provide labor advice Provide advice on tax planning Provide advice on financial management Example of CNAEs 69.11-7/01: Legal Services 71.12-0/00: Engineering Services 73.19-0/04: Advertising Consulting 62.04-0/00: IT Consulting 62.01-5/02: Web design 74.20-0/04: Filming and Events Hint : In the full list, there are more than a thousand CNAEs available. CNAE Full List You can check the full list below or you can visit the official IBGE webpage and check the updated list at the link below. IBGE Search System | https://concla.ibge.gov.br/busca-online-cnae.html What is : IBGE CNAE Description Appendix Factor R Rate 32.50-7/06 Serviços de prótese dentária V Sim 15.5% 32.50-7/06 Serviços de prótese dentária III Sim 6% 32.50-7/09 Serviço de laboratório óptico V Sim 15.5% 32.50-7/09 Serviço de laboratório óptico III Sim 6% 43.99-1/01 Administração de obras III Não 6% 45.12-9/01 Representantes comerciais e agentes do comércio de veículos automotores V Sim 15.5% 45.30-7/02 Comércio por atacado de pneumáticos e câmaras-de-ar I Não 4% 45.30-7/03 Comércio a varejo de peças e acessórios novos para veículos automotores I Não 4% 45.30-7/04 Comércio a varejo de peças e acessórios usados para veículos automotores I Não 4% 45.30-7/05 Comércio a varejo de pneumáticos e câmaras-de-ar I Não 4% 45.30-7/06 Representantes comerciais e agentes do comércio de peças e acessórios novos e usados para veículos automotores V Sim 15.5% 45.41-2/02 Comércio por atacado de peças e acessórios para motocicletas e motonetas I Não 4% 45.41-2/06 Comércio a varejo de peças e acessórios novos para motocicletas e motonetas I Não 4% 45.41-2/07 Comércio a varejo de peças e acessórios usados para motocicletas e motonetas I Não 4% 45.42-1/01 Representantes comerciais e agentes do comércio de motocicletas e motonetas, peças e acessórios V Sim 15.5% 46.11-7/00 Representantes comerciais e agentes do comércio de matérias-primas agrícolas e animais vivos V Sim 15.5% 46.12-5/00 Representantes comerciais e agentes do comércio de combustíveis, minerais, produtos siderúrgicos e químicos V Sim 15.5% 46.13-3/00 Representantes comerciais e agentes do comércio de madeira, material de construção e ferragens V Sim 15.5% 46.14-1/00 Representantes comerciais e agentes do comércio de máquinas, equipamentos, embarcações e aeronaves V Sim 15.5% 46.15-0/00 Representantes comerciais e agentes do comércio de eletrodomésticos, móveis e artigos de uso doméstico V Sim 15.5% 46.16-8/00 Representantes comerciais e agentes do comércio de têxteis, vestuário, calçados e artigos de viagem V Sim 15.5% 46.17-6/00 Representantes comerciais e agentes do comércio de produtos alimentícios, bebidas e fumo V Sim 15.5% 46.18-4/01 Representantes comerciais e agentes do comércio de medicamentos, cosméticos e produtos de perfumaria V Sim 15.5% 46.18-4/02 Representantes comerciais e agentes do comércio de instrumentos e materiais odonto-médico-hospitalares V Sim 15.5% 46.18-4/03 Representantes comerciais e agentes do comércio de jornais, revistas e outras publicações V Sim 15.5% 46.18-4/99 Outros representantes comerciais e agentes do comércio especializado em produtos não especificados anteriormente V Sim 15.5% 46.19-2/00 Representantes comerciais e agentes do comércio de mercadorias em geral não especializado V Sim 15.5% 46.35-4/01 Comércio atacadista de água mineral I Não 4% 46.35-4/02 Comércio atacadista de cerveja, chope e refrigerante I Não 4% 46.37-1/04 Comércio atacadista de pães, bolos, biscoitos e similares I Não 4% 46.37-1/05 Comércio atacadista de massas alimentícias I Não 4% 46.37-1/06 Comércio atacadista de sorvetes I Não 4% 46.37-1/07 Comércio atacadista de chocolates, confeitos, balas, bombons e semelhantes I Não 4% 46.37-1/99 Comércio atacadista especializado em outros produtos alimentícios não especificados anteriormente I Não 4% 46.39-7/01 Comércio atacadista de produtos alimentícios em geral I Não 4% 46.41-9/01 Comércio atacadista de tecidos I Não 4% 46.41-9/02 Comércio atacadista de artigos de cama, mesa e banho I Não 4% 46.41-9/03 Comércio atacadista de artigos de armarinho I Não 4% 46.42-7/01 Comércio atacadista de artigos do vestuário e acessórios, exceto profissionais e de segurança I Não 4% 46.42-7/02 Comércio atacadista de roupas e acessórios para uso profissional e de segurança do trabalho I Não 4% 46.43-5/01 Comércio atacadista de calçados I Não 4% 46.43-5/02 Comércio atacadista de bolsas, malas e artigos de viagem I Não 4% 46.46-0/01 Comércio atacadista de cosméticos e produtos de perfumaria I Não 4% 46.46-0/02 Comércio atacadista de produtos de higiene pessoal I Não 4% 46.47-8/01 Comércio atacadista de artigos de escritório e de papelaria I Não 4% 46.47-8/02 Comércio atacadista de livros, jornais e outras publicações I Não 4% 46.49-4/01 Comércio atacadista de equipamentos elétricos de uso pessoal e doméstico I Não 4% 46.49-4/02 Comércio atacadista de aparelhos eletrônicos de uso pessoal e doméstico I Não 4% 46.49-4/03 Comércio atacadista de bicicletas, triciclos e outros veículos recreativos I Não 4% 46.49-4/04 Comércio atacadista de móveis e artigos de colchoaria I Não 4% 46.49-4/05 Comércio atacadista de artigos de tapeçaria persianas e cortinas I Não 4% 46.49-4/06 Comércio atacadista de lustres, luminárias e abajures I Não 4% 46.49-4/07 Comércio atacadista de filmes, cds, dvds, fitas e discos I Não 4% 46.49-4/08 Comércio atacadista de produtos de higiene, limpeza e conservação domiciliar I Não 4% 46.49-4/09 Comércio atacadista de produtos de higiene, limpeza e conservação domiciliar, com atividade de fracionamento e acondicionamento associada I Não 4% 46.49-4/10 Comércio atacadista de jóias, relógios e bijuterias, inclusive pedras preciosas e semipreciosas lapidadas I Não 4% 46.49-4/99 Comércio atacadista de outros equipamentos e artigos de uso pessoal e doméstico não especificados anteriormente I Não 4% 46.51-6/01 Comércio atacadista de equipamentos de informática I Não 4% 46.51-6/02 Comércio atacadista de suprimentos para informática I Não 4% 46.52-4/00 Comércio atacadista de componentes eletrônicos e equipamentos de telefonia e comunicação I Não 4% 46.79-6/03 Comércio atacadista de vidros, espelhos e vitrais I Não 4% 46.86-9/02 Comércio atacadista de embalagens I Não 4% 46.91-5/00 Comércio atacadista de mercadorias em geral, com predominância de produtos alimentícios I Não 4% 46.93-1/00 Comércio atacadista de mercadorias em geral, sem predominância de alimentos ou de insumos agropecuários I Não 4% 47.11-3/01 Comércio varejista de mercadorias em geral, com predominância de produtos alimentícios – hipermercados I Não 4% 47.11-3/02 Comércio varejista de mercadorias em geral, com predominância de produtos alimentícios – supermercados I Não 4% 47.12-1/00 Comércio varejista de mercadorias em geral, com predominância de produtos alimentícios – minimercados, mercearias e armazéns I Não 4% 47.13-0/02 Lojas de variedades, exceto lojas de departamentos ou magazines I Não 4% 47.13-0/04 Lojas de departamentos ou magazines, exceto lojas francas (duty free) I Não 4% 47.21-1/02 Padaria e confeitaria com predominância de revenda I Não 4% 47.21-1/03 Comércio varejista de laticínios e frios I Não 4% 47.21-1/04 Comércio varejista de doces, balas, bombons e semelhantes I Não 4% 47.23-7/00 Comércio varejista de bebidas I Não 4% 47.24-5/00 Comércio varejista de hortifrutigranjeiros I Não 4% 47.29-6/01 Tabacaria I Não 4% 47.29-6/99 Comércio varejista de produtos alimentícios em geral ou especializado em produtos alimentícios não especificados anteriormente I Não 4% 47.43-1/00 Comércio varejista de vidros I Não 4% 47.44-0/02 Comércio varejista de madeira e artefatos I Não 4% 47.51-2/01 Comércio varejista especializado de equipamentos e suprimentos de informática I Não 4% 47.51-2/02 Recarga de cartuchos para equipamentos de informática III Não 6% 47.52-1/00 Comércio varejista especializado de equipamentos de telefonia e comunicação I Não 4% 47.53-9/00 Comércio varejista especializado de eletrodomésticos e equipamentos de áudio e vídeo I Não 4% 47.54-7/01 Comércio varejista de móveis I Não 4% 47.54-7/02 Comércio varejista de artigos de colchoaria I Não 4% 47.54-7/03 Comércio varejista de artigos de iluminação I Não 4% 47.55-5/01 Comércio varejista de tecidos I Não 4% 47.55-5/02 Comércio varejista de artigos de armarinho I Não 4% 47.55-5/03 Comércio varejista de artigos de cama, mesa e banho I Não 4% 47.56-3/00 Comércio varejista especializado de instrumentos musicais e acessórios I Não 4% 47.57-1/00 Comércio varejista especializado de peças e acessórios para aparelhos eletroeletrônicos para uso doméstico, exceto informática e comunicação I Não 4% 47.59-8/01 Comércio varejista de artigos de tapeçaria, cortinas e persianas I Não 4% 47.59-8/99 Comércio varejista de outros artigos de uso doméstico não especificados anteriormente I Não 4% 47.61-0/01 Comércio varejista de livros I Não 4% 47.61-0/02 Comércio varejista de jornais e revistas I Não 4% 47.61-0/03 Comércio varejista de artigos de papelaria I Não 4% 47.62-8/00 Comércio varejista de discos, cds, dvds e fitas I Não 4% 47.63-6/01 Comércio varejista de brinquedos e artigos recreativos I Não 4% 47.63-6/02 Comércio varejista de artigos esportivos I Não 4% 47.63-6/03 Comércio varejista de bicicletas e triciclos peças e acessórios I Não 4% 47.63-6/04 Comércio varejista de artigos de caça, pesca e camping I Não 4% 47.72-5/00 Comércio varejista de cosméticos, produtos de perfumaria e de higiene pessoal I Não 4% 47.74-1/00 Comércio varejista de artigos de óptica I Não 4% 47.81-4/00 Comércio varejista de artigos do vestuário e acessórios I Não 4% 47.82-2/01 Comércio varejista de calçados I Não 4% 47.82-2/02 Comércio varejista de artigos de viagem I Não 4% 47.83-1/02 Comércio varejista de artigos de relojoaria I Não 4% 47.85-7/01 Comércio varejista de antigüidades I Não 4% 47.85-7/99 Comércio varejista de outros artigos usados I Não 4% 47.89-0/01 Comércio varejista de suvenires, bijuterias e artesanatos I Não 4% 47.89-0/02 Comércio varejista de plantas e flores naturais I Não 4% 47.89-0/03 Comércio varejista de objetos de arte I Não 4% 47.89-0/07 Comércio varejista de equipamentos para escritório I Não 4% 47.89-0/08 Comércio varejista de artigos fotográficos e para filmagem I Não 4% 47.89-0/99 Comércio varejista de outros produtos não especificados anteriormente I Não 4% 56.11-2/01 Restaurantes e similares I Não 4% 56.11-2/03 Lanchonetes, casas de chá, de sucos e similares I Não 4% 56.11-2/04 Bares e outros estabelecimentos especializados em servir bebidas, sem entretenimento I Não 4% 56.20-1/01 Fornecimento de alimentos preparados preponderantemente para empresas I Não 4% 56.20-1/03 Cantinas – serviços de alimentação privativos I Não 4% 56.20-1/04 Fornecimento de alimentos preparados preponderantemente para consumo domiciliar I Não 4% 59.11-1/01 Estúdios cinematográficos III Não 6% 59.11-1/02 Produção de filmes para publicidade III Não 6% 59.11-1/99 Atividades de produção cinematográfica, de vídeos e de programas de televisão não especificadas anteriormente III Não 6% 59.12-0/01 Serviços de dublagem III Não 6% 59.12-0/02 Serviços de mixagem sonora em produção audiovisual III Não 6% 59.12-0/99 Atividades de pós-produção cinematográfica, de vídeos e de programas de televisão não especificadas anteriormente III Não 6% 59.13-8/00 Distribuição cinematográfica, de vídeo e de programas de televisão III Não 6% 59.14-6/00 Atividades de exibição cinematográfica III Não 6% 59.20-1/00 Atividades de gravação de som e de edição de música III Não 6% 62.01-5/01 Desenvolvimento de programas de computador sob encomenda V Sim 15.5% 62.01-5/01 Desenvolvimento de programas de computador sob encomenda III Sim 6% 62.01-5/02 Web design V Sim 15.5% 62.01-5/02 Web design III Sim 6% 62.02-3/00 Desenvolvimento e licenciamento de programas de computador customizáveis V Sim 15.5% 62.02-3/00 Desenvolvimento e licenciamento de programas de computador customizáveis III Sim 6% 62.03-1/00 Desenvolvimento e licenciamento de programas de computador não-customizáveis V Sim 15.5% 62.03-1/00 Desenvolvimento e licenciamento de programas de computador não-customizáveis III Sim 6% 62.04-0/00 Consultoria em tecnologia da informação V Sim 15.5% 62.09-1/00 Suporte técnico, manutenção e outros serviços em tecnologia da informação V Sim 15.5% 62.09-1/00 Suporte técnico, manutenção e outros serviços em tecnologia da informação III Sim 6% 63.11-9/00 Tratamento de dados, provedores de serviços de aplicação e serviços de hospedagem na internet V Sim 15.5% 63.11-9/00 Tratamento de dados, provedores de serviços de aplicação e serviços de hospedagem na internet III Sim 6% 63.19-4/00 Portais, provedores de conteúdo e outros serviços de informação na internet V Sim 15.5% 63.19-4/00 Portais, provedores de conteúdo e outros serviços de informação na internet III Sim 6% 63.91-7/00 Agências de notícias III Não 6% 63.99-2/00 Outras atividades de prestação de serviços de informação não especificadas anteriormente III Não 6% 66.19-3/02 Correspondentes de instituições financeiras III Não 6% 66.21-5/01 Peritos e avaliadores de seguros V Sim 15.5% 66.21-5/02 Auditoria e consultoria atuarial V Sim 15.5% 66.22-3/00 Corretores e agentes de seguros, de planos de previdência complementar e de saúde III Não 6% 66.29-1/00 Atividades auxiliares dos seguros, da previdência complementar e dos planos de saúde não especificadas anteriormente III Não 6% 68.21-8/01 Corretagem na compra e venda e avaliação de imóveis III Não 6% 68.21-8/02 Corretagem no aluguel de imóveis III Não 6% 69.11-7/01 Serviços advocatícios IV Não 4.5% 69.11-7/03 Agente de propriedade industrial V Sim 15.5% 70.20-4/00 Atividades de consultoria em gestão empresarial, exceto consultoria técnica específica V Sim 15.5% 71.11-1/00 Serviços de arquitetura III Sim 6% 71.12-0/00 Serviços de engenharia V Sim 15.5% 71.19-7/01 Serviços de cartografia, topografia e geodésia V Sim 15.5% 71.19-7/02 Atividades de estudos geológicos V Sim 15.5% 71.19-7/03 Serviços de desenho técnico relacionados à arquitetura e engenharia V Sim 15.5% 71.19-7/04 Serviços de perícia técnica relacionados à segurança do trabalho V Sim 15.5% 71.19-7/99 Atividades técnicas relacionadas à engenharia e arquitetura não especificadas anteriormente V Sim 15.5% 71.20-1/00 Testes e análises técnicas V Sim 15.5% 72.10-0/00 Pesquisa e desenvolvimento experimental em ciências físicas e naturais V Sim 15.5% 72.20-7/00 Pesquisa e desenvolvimento experimental em ciências sociais e humanas V Sim 15.5% 73.11-4/00 Agências de publicidade V Sim 15.5% 73.12-2/00 Agenciamento de espaços para publicidade, exceto em veículos de comunicação III Não 6% 73.19-0/01 Criação de estandes para feiras e exposições V Sim 15.5% 73.19-0/02 Promoção de vendas III Não 6% 73.19-0/03 Marketing direto III Não 6% 73.19-0/04 Consultoria em publicidade V Sim 15.5% 73.19-0/99 Outras atividades de publicidade não especificadas anteriormente III Não 6% 73.20-3/00 Pesquisas de mercado e de opinião pública V Sim 15.5% 74.10-2/02 Design de interiores V Sim 15.5% 74.10-2/02 Design de interiores IV Sim 4.5% 74.10-2/03 Design de produto V Sim 15.5% 74.10-2/99 Atividades de design não especificadas anteriormente V Sim 15.5% 74.20-0/01 Atividades de produção de fotografias, exceto aérea e submarina III Não 6% 74.20-0/02 Atividades de produção de fotografias aéreas e submarinas III Não 6% 74.20-0/03 Laboratórios fotográficos III Não 6% 74.20-0/04 Filmagem de festas e eventos III Não 6% 74.20-0/05 Serviços de microfilmagem III Não 6% 74.90-1/01 Serviços de tradução, interpretação e similares V Sim 15.5% 74.90-1/02 Escafandria e mergulho III Não 6% 74.90-1/03 Serviços de agronomia e de consultoria às atividades agrícolas e pecuárias V Sim 15.5% 74.90-1/04 Atividades de intermediação e agenciamento de serviços e negócios em geral, exceto imobiliários V Sim 15.5% 74.90-1/05 Agenciamento de profissionais para atividades esportivas, culturais e artísticas V Sim 15.5% 74.90-1/99 Outras atividades profissionais, científicas e técnicas não especificadas anteriormente V Sim 15.5% 75.00-1/00 Atividades veterinárias V Sim 15.5% 77.21-7/00 Aluguel de equipamentos recreativos e esportivos III Não 6% 77.22-5/00 Aluguel de fitas de vídeo, dvds e similares III Não 6% 77.23-3/00 Aluguel de objetos do vestuário, jóias e acessórios III Não 6% 77.29-2/01 Aluguel de aparelhos de jogos eletrônicos III Não 6% 77.29-2/02 Aluguel de móveis, utensílios e aparelhos de uso doméstico e pessoal; instrumentos musicais III Não 6% 77.29-2/03 Aluguel de material médico III Não 6% 77.29-2/99 Aluguel de outros objetos pessoais e domésticos não especificados anteriormente III Não 6% 77.31-4/00 Aluguel de máquinas e equipamentos agrícolas sem operador III Não 6% 77.32-2/01 Aluguel de máquinas e equipamentos para construção sem operador, exceto andaimes III Não 6% 77.32-2/02 Aluguel de andaimes III Não 6% In Summary CNAE stands for National Classification of Economic Activities For the government, the objective of the CNAE is to improve tax management and control possible fraudulent actions related to the payment of taxes For companies, CNAE guarantees the correct payment of taxes, the possibility of payroll exemption, the right tax and union structure, also, for small companies to be included in the Simplified tax regimes, and it is mandatory even for self-employed professionals and non-profit organizations All legal entities must have their CNAE defined, this code being essential to obtain the Company ID Choosing a CNAE that differs from the activity carried out may cause the company to be considered irregular, lose tax incentives, not obtain an operating license and is even liable to pay fines The support and guidance of an accountant is very important for a company's CNAE to be defined correctly Tax Regimes The tax regime is what determines which taxes will be paid by a company and how it will be done. There are 3 tax regimes: Actual profit, Presumed profit and Simplified. Actual Profit The Real Profit is a tax regime in which the direct taxes are calculated based on the effective profit that the business had within the calculation period. That means, the greater the profitability, the greater the amount of taxes to be paid. However, the opposite is also valid, that is, if there is no profit, or the company has a loss, it is exempt from paying taxes for that period. Which companies can opt for Profit Real? Profit Real can be the tax option of any company. However, businesses with revenues above $78 million (BRL) in the calendar year or the previous year are required to be classified as Actual Profit. Presumed Profit The calculation of this tax regime is based on a fixed tax table, provided by authorities, for the direct taxes collection. Sale of goods or products: 8% Industrialization: 8% Rural Activity: 8% Transport services: 16% Provision of services: 32% And so on ... Which companies can opt for Presumed Profit? Presumed Profit can also be used by any company, as long as they do not exceed $78 million (BRL) in annual revenue or cannot be listed as mandatory for Actual Profit. Simplified Simplified is a tax regime created with the objective of assisting Small Businesses. The main purpose of this tax regime is to facilitate the collection of taxes by these entrepreneurs. As a result, all taxes under this regime are calculated according progressive table, provided by authorities, and collected a monthly single payment. Which companies can opt for Simplified? In order to qualify for Simplified, the company must comply with certain rules, which are: Small business only Annual revenue of up to $4,8 million (BRL) Activity qualified as Simplified by authorities And so on ... SPED (e-Reporting) SPED stands for Sistema Publico de Escrituracao Digital (in Portuguese) or Public System of Digital bookkeeping (in English). It is an e-Reporting to standardize and simplify the fiscal and accounting reports, with objective to replace paper-based reports. There are several SPEDs to be delivery to the Brazilian authorities, and they are mandatory. They are classified as: ECD | Digital Accounting Bookkeeping EFD | Digital Fiscal Bookkeeping ECF | Tax Accounting Bookkeeping The most important SPEDs are: SPED ECD Accounting | Annually | Reporting the entire balance sheet and P&L SPED EFD Fiscal | Monthly | Reporting amount owed of ICMS (Goods and Services Tax) and IPI (Tax on Industrialized Products) SPED EFD Contributions | Monthly | Reporting amount owed of PIS (Social Integration Program) and COFINS (Contribution to Social Security Financing) SPED ECF Tax Accounting | Annually | Reporting amount owed of IRPJ (Corporate Income Tax) and CSLL (Social Contribution on Net Profit) You can see in the table below some examples of the blocks and registers that should contain the SPED flat file. SPED Block Register Description Bookkeeping Type G Bookkeeping Type R Bookkeeping Type B ECD 0 Opening of the File, Identification, and References ECD 0 0000 Register 0000: Opening of digital file/entity identification Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD 0 0001 Register 0001: Block 0 Opening Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD 0 0007 Register 0007: Other Entity's Subscriptions Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD 0 0020 Register 0020: Decentralized Accounting Bookkeeping Optional Optional Optional ECD 0 0150 Register 0150: Participant Register Table Optional Optional Not Applicable ECD 0 0180 Register 0180: Identification of Related Participant Mandatory (Dependent) Mandatory (Dependent) Not Applicable ECD 0 0990 Register 0990: Block 0 Closing Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD I Details of Accounting Postings ECD I I001 Register I001 – Block I Opening Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD I I010 Register I010 – Bookkeeping Identification Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD I I012 Register I012 – Subsidiary Journal Not Applicable Mandatory Optional ECD I I015 Register I015 – Account Identification of Summary Bookkeeping that Refers to the Auxiliary Bookkeeping Not Applicable Mandatory Optional ECD I I020 Register I020 – Additional Fields Optional Optional Optional ECD I I030 Register I030 – Journal Opening Term Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD I I050 Register I050 – Chart of Accounts Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD I I051 Register I051 – Referential Chart of Accounts Optional Optional Optional ECD I I052 Register I052 – Identification of Agglutination Codes Optional Optional Optional ECD I I075 Register I075 – Table for Standard History Optional Optional Not Applicable ECD I I100 Register I100 – Cost Center Optional Optional Optional ECD I I150 Register I150 – Periodic Balances, Period Identification Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD I I151 Register I151 – Digital signature of the files that have "Fichas de Lancamentos" used in the period Not Applicable Not Applicable Optional ECD I I155 Register I155 – Periodic Balances Details Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD I I200 Register I200 – Accounting Postings Mandatory Mandatory Not Applicable ECD I I250 Register I250 – Posting Entries Mandatory Mandatory Not Applicable ECD I I300 Register I300 – Daily Trial Balances – Date Identification Not Applicable Not Applicable Mandatory ECD I I310 Register I310 – Details of Daily Trial Balances Not Applicable Not Applicable Mandatory ECD I I350 Register I350 – Balance of Profit & Loss Account – Before the Closing Period Optional Optional Optional ECD I I355 Register I355 – Details of Account's Balances before Financial Year Closing Mandatory (Dependent) Mandatory (Dependent) Mandatory (Dependent) ECD I I500 Register I500 – Parameters do Print and Display the Auxiliary Ledger with Flexible Layout Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable ECD I I510 Register I510 – Definition of Fields for Auxiliary Ledger Book with Flexible Layout Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable ECD I I550 Register I550 – Details of Auxiliary Ledger with Flexible Layout Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable ECD I I555 Register I555 – Totals in Auxiliary Ledger Book Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable ECD I I990 Register I990 – Block I Closure Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD J Accounting Statements ECD J J001 Register J001: Block J Opening Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD J J005 Register J005: Accounting Statement Optional Optional Optional ECD J J100 Register J100: Balance Sheet Optional Optional Optional ECD J J150 Register J150: Profit & Loss Statement Optional Optional Optional ECD J J800 Register J800: Other Information Optional Optional Optional ECD J J900 Register J900: Closure Statement Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD J J930 Register J930: Identification of Bookkeeping Signatory Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD J J990 Register J990: Block J Closure Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD 9 Closing of the File ECD 9 9001 Register 9001: Block 9 Opening Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD 9 9900 Register 9900: File Registers Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD 9 9990 Register 9990: Block 9 Closing Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ECD 9 9999 Register 9999: Digital File Closing Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory Brazilian Tax Reform (New Brazilian VAT) The tax reform will replace all consumption taxes with a VAT value-added tax, paid by the final consumer, charged non-cumulatively at all stages of the production chain. The five current consumption taxes – IPI, PIS, Cofins, ICMS and ISS – are replaced by two consumption taxes (IBS and CBS) and a Selective Tax (IS). IBS - Tax on Goods and Services / CBS - Conbribution on Goods and Services In both proposals, IBS and CBS have the following characteristics: They are charged on all operations with tangible or intangible goods and services They are charged at all stages of the production chain, giving the right to credit for the previously paid tax (non-cumulative) They are not charged on exports They are charged on imports They adopt the principle of destination (rate and collection linked to the place of consumption) Provide for a single rate for all goods and services consumed in each location Due to the particularities of certain sectors, differentiated taxation regimes are foreseen for: Financial services, real estate, fuel, public sector procurement, health care plans, and prediction contests Real estate, fuel, public sector acquisitions, tobacco products and financial intermediation There are plans for special treatments to reduce the impact of changing the model: 50% reduction of IBS and CBS rates for: urban, semi-urban or metropolitan public transport services; medicines; medical devices and healthcare services; education services; agricultural, fishing, forestry and plant extractive products in natura; agricultural inputs, food intended for human consumption and personal hygiene products national artistic and cultural activities exempt public urban, semi-urban or metropolitan transport services; reduce by 100% the rate of CBS and IBS levied on medications; reduce by 100% the CBS rate levied on higher education education services (PROUNI) and, until 12/28/2027, on services benefited by the Emergency Program for the Resumption of the Events Sector (Perse) Complementary law will define the sectors that will have differentiated treatment; Provide for the maintenance of the global tax burden on consumption Makes taxation on consumption less unfair, as they adopt the possibility of refunding the tax (cashback). In this way, the granting of tax benefits is focused on those who need it most, in contrast to the option for exemptions by type of merchandise. Preserve Simples Nacional and the favored treatment of the Manaus Free Zone Maintain constitutional bonds and divisions, such as Health and Education Contain transitional rules, shorter for society in general (taxation regime) and longer and smoother for sharing with states and municipalities (sharing system) IS - Selective Tax The Selective Tax will be charged to discourage the consumption of harmful goods and services to Health and the Environment, such as alcoholic beverages, cigarettes and pollutants.

Topics: SAP Intalled Software | Version on Fiori and GUI | Transport Request TR | SE10 Find Objects in TR Transport Request / Tasks | Solution Manager | Rev-Trac Rev Trac | ChaRM SAP Management Find Objects in Transport Requests / Tasks SAP Version | Installed Product Version (SAPGUI) SAP Version | Installed Product Version (Fiori Launchpad) How to find a Transaction Code assigned to a Role? SAP Product Versions Supported by Support Packages Find Objects in Transport Requests / Tasks Issue : Typically, in the Realization phase of a project, you may face some challenges with configurations affecting you due to a large SAP team or multiple projects running at the same time. It is usually very difficult to find those who did the customization. Solution : Use transaction SE03 (Find Objects in Requests/Tasks) to find the transport request that contains the desired configuration and subsequently the User ID of the consultant who did it. Example : In this example, someone configured a CO object in OKB9 (Account Determination), and I will try to find the Transport Request that contains this configuration. T-Code : SE10 You can select a variety of transportable objects within this transaction. Objects: TABL (Tables) VIEW (Views) PROG (Programs) CDAT (Cluster Tables) And much more... The OKB9 transaction uses the (CDAT) Cluster table "V_TKA3" to transport data. Result: You can see that SE10 found the Task with the Cluster table V_TKA3. Get the task number and check if it is the correct one, containing the configuration you are looking for. T-Code : SE10 Find the Transport Request / Task and check the content. If this is the case, you can check the User ID and speak to the consultant responsible for the configuration. SAP Version | Installed Product Version How to identify the SAP S/4 HANA Version in the SAP GUI In the initial screen Go to System -> Status SAP System Data Section Product Version Select -> Magnifying Glass Installed Software will show up Select tab -> Installed Product Version Line -> S4 HANA ON PREMISE Column -> Release It will show the SAP S/4 HANA Version. In this case, you can see the version 1809. SAP Version | Installed Product Version (Fiori) How to identify the SAP S/4 HANA Version in the Fiori Launchpad Depending of the SAP S/4 HANA Version, it is possible to check it in the SAP Fiori Launchpad. Depending of SAP, you can check it in the "Settings" button or in the "About" button. You can browse in the toolbar and look for fields like Product Version or Product Name. How to find a Transaction Code assigned to a Role? If you don't have access to a transaction code and you need to find the roles that have a specific transaction assigned, you can follow this basic steps. Go to Menu -> Edit Roles (Ctrl+Shift+F12) T-Code: PFCG Insert the Transaction Code Confirm SAP Product Versions Supported by Support Packages The SAP Product Versions listed in the tables below are supported by support package stacks. Each support package stack has one leading software component version. The support package level of this particular component version is a key part of the stack and a unique identifier for the support package stack level. SAP Product SAP Product Version Leading Software Component Version Support Package Name SAP S/4HANA SAP S/4HANA 1709 S4CORE 102 SAPK-102INS4CORE SAP S/4HANA SAP S/4HANA 1809 S4CORE 103 SAPK-103INS4CORE SAP S/4HANA SAP S/4HANA 1909 S4CORE 104 SAPK-104INS4CORE SAP S/4HANA SAP S/4HANA 2020 S4CORE 105 SAPK-105INS4CORE SAP S/4HANA SAP S/4HANA 2021 S4CORE 106 SAPK-106INS4CORE SAP S/4HANA SAP S/4HANA 2022 S4CORE 107 SAPK-107INS4CORE SAP S/4HANA SAP S/4HANA 2023 S4CORE 108 SAPK-108INS4CORE SAP ERP SAP ERP 6.0 (SAP ERP 2005) SAP_APPL 600 SAPKH600 SAP ERP EHP1 FOR SAP ERP 6.0 SAP_APPL 601 SAPKH601 SAP ERP EHP2 FOR SAP ERP 6.0 SAP_APPL 602 SAPKH602 SAP ERP EHP3 FOR SAP ERP 6.0 SAP_APPL 603 SAPKH603 SAP ERP EHP4 FOR SAP ERP 6.0 SAP_APPL 604 SAPKH604 SAP ERP EHP5 FOR SAP ERP 6.0 SAP_APPL 605 SAPKH605 SAP ERP EHP6 FOR SAP ERP 6.0 SAP_APPL 606 SAPKH606 SAP ERP EHP6 FOR SAP ERP 6.0 ON HANA SAP_APPL 616 SAPKH616 SAP ERP EHP7 FOR SAP ERP 6.0 SAP_APPL 617 SAPKH617 SAP ERP EHP8 FOR SAP ERP 6.0 SAP_APPL 618 SAPK-618INSAPAPPL SAP NetWeaver SAP NETWEAVER 7.0 SAP_BASIS 700 SAPKB700 SAP NetWeaver SAP EHP1 FOR SAP NETWEAVER 7.0 SAP_BASIS 701 SAPKB701 SAP NetWeaver SAP EHP2 FOR SAP NETWEAVER 7.0 SAP_BASIS 702 SAPKB702 SAP NetWeaver SAP NETWEAVER PI 7.1 SAP_BASIS 710 SAPKB710 SAP NetWeaver SAP EHP1 FOR SAP NW PI 7.1 SAP_BASIS 711 SAPKB711 SAP NetWeaver SAP NETWEAVER 7.3 SAP_BASIS 730 SAPKB730 SAP NetWeaver SAP EHP1 FOR SAP NETWEAVER 7.3 SAP_BASIS 731 SAPKB731 SAP NetWeaver SAP NETWEAVER 7.4 SAP_BASIS 740 SAPKB740 SAP NetWeaver SAP NETWEAVER 7.5 SAP_BASIS 750 SAPK-750INSAPBASIS SAP NetWeaver NW AS ABAP 7.51 INNOVATION PKG SAP_BASIS 751 SAPK-751INSAPBASIS SAP NetWeaver NW AS ABAP 7.52 SAP_BASIS 752 SAPK-752INSAPBASIS SAP CRM SAP CRM 7.0 BBPCRM 700 SAPKU700 SAP CRM SAP enhancement package 1 for SAP CRM 7.0 BBPCRM 701 SAPKU701 SAP CRM SAP enhancement package 2 for SAP CRM 7.0 BBPCRM 702 SAPKU702 SAP CRM SAP enhancement package 2 for SAP CRM 7.0, version for SAP HANA BBPCRM 712 SAPKU712 SAP CRM SAP enhancement package 3 for SAP CRM 7.0 BBPCRM 713 SAPKU713 SAP CRM SAP enhancement package 4 for SAP CRM 7.0 BBPCRM 714 SAPKU714 SAP SCM SAP SCM 7.0 SCM 700 SAPKY700 SAP SCM SAP enhancement package 1 for SAP Supply Chain Management 7.0 SCM 701 SAPKY701 SAP SCM SAP enhancement package 2 for SAP Supply Chain Management 7.0 SCM 702 SAPKY702 SAP SCM SAP enhancement package 2 for SAP SCM 7.0, version for SAP HANA SCM 712 SAPKY712 SAP SCM SAP enhancement package 3 for SAP Supply Chain Management 7.0 SCM 713 SAPKY713 SAP SCM SAP enhancement package 4 for SAP Supply Chain Management 7.0 SCM 714 SAPK-714INSCM SAP SRM SAP�SRM�7.0 SRM_SERVER 700 SAPKIBKV SAP SRM SAP enhancement package 1 for SAP Solution Manager 7.0 SRM_SERVER 701 SAPK-701INSRMSRV SAP SRM SAP enhancement package 2 for SAP Supplier Relationship Management 7.0 SRM_SERVER 702 SAPK-702INSRMSRV SAP SRM SAP enhancement package 3 for SAP Supplier Relationship Management 7.0 SRM_SERVER 713 SAPK-713INSRMSRV SAP SRM SAP enhancement package 4 for SAP Supplier Relationship Management 7.0 SRM_SERVER 714 SAPK-714INSRMSRV SAP Solution Manager SAP Solution Manager 7.2 ST 720 SAPK-720INSTMAIN References: SAP (www.sap.com ); SAP Support (support.sap.com ); SAP Help (help.sap.com ); SAP Blog (blogs.sap.com )

Value Added Tax (VAT) is an indirect tax levied on goods and services across Europe and worldwide. The European Union (EU) has mandated VAT tax for all its member states, which are required to implement and enforce it in accordance with the EU VAT code. European Union European Union Overview EU Taxation | VAT Setting up a European Company EU Countries European Union Overview The EU is characterised by its cultural and linguistic diversity, which EU citizens can move freely between member states to live, work, study or retire in another country. As a political entity, the European Union has two original core objectives, development of a common market, subsequently becoming a single market, and a customs union between its member states. EU Capital: Brussels in Belgium (Considered Capital) EU Flag: It consists of a circle of 12 golden stars on a blue background EU Languages: 24 official languages. 3 main languages (English, French and German) EU Financial Reporting: IFRS (Under EU rules, listed companies must prepare their consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS) EU Major Institutions: Brussels, Belgium: Commission, European Council, Council of the EU, Parliament Frankfurt, Germany: European Central Bank Luxembourg City, Luxemburg: Court of Auditors, Court of Justice, Council of the EU, Secretariat of the Parliament, Commission Strasbourg, France: Parliament (Primary) EU Taxation | VAT Value Added Tax (VAT) is an indirect tax levied on goods and services across Europe and worldwide. The European Union (EU) has mandated VAT tax for all its member states, which are required to implement and enforce it in accordance with the EU VAT code. The EU itself does not directly collect VAT tax; instead, it has established a comprehensive VAT code that regulates the collection and enforcement of VAT by each member state. This ensures consistency and fairness in VAT collection across the EU, while allowing member states some flexibility in setting their own VAT rates. In the early days of the EU, VAT was introduced at a standard rate of 10%, which gradually increased over the years. The standard rate of 10% VAT was applicable to all the EU member states when VAT was first introduced in 1967. France was the first country to implement VAT, but the standard rate of 10% was applied across all member states at that time. Currently, EU member states have different VAT rates for different types of goods and services. Warning : These rates are indicative only. Please use it as an example. Updated: 2023 Country Standard VAT Rate Intermediate Reduced Super Reduced First Reduced Second Reduced Thrid Reduced Austria 20% 13% 10% Belgium 21% 6% 12% Bulgaria 20% 9% Croatia 25% 13% 5% Cyprus 19% 9% 5% Czech Republic 21% 15% 10% Denmark 25% Estonia 20% 9% 5% Finland 24% 14% 10% France 20% 10% 5.5% 2.1% Germany 19% 7% Greece 24% 13% 6% Hungary 27% 13.5% 9% 4.8% Ireland 23% 13.5% 9% 4.8% Italy 22% 10% 5% 4% Latvia 21% 12% 5% Lithuania 21% 9% 5% Luxembourg 16% 13% 7% 3% Malta 18% 7% 5% Netherlands 21% 9% Poland 23% 8% 5% Portugal 23% 13% 6% Romania 19% 9% 5% Slovakia 20% 10% Slovenia 22% 9.5% 5% Spain 21% 10% 4% Sweden 25% 12% 6% Setting up a European Company Incorporation is the process by which a new or existing business registers as a limited company. A company is a legal entity with a separate identity from those who own or run it. The vast majority of companies are limited liability companies where the liability of the members is limited by shares or by guarantee. This is a macro level overview to understand what to consider when you want to open a business in the European Union. What are the points you need to take into account from an accounting, legal and tax point of view. There are many benefits to having a company in EU. It provides a single market with millions of consumers, and the possibility to expand and reach new markets. Key Advantages One of the largest markets in world A very stable economy Accessibility to a good financial instruments Large pool of skilled workers Simple and favourable tax regimes Keep in mind, there are many other points that need to be considered. It may be worthwhile seeking professional advice from a solicitor or accountant before deciding whether an incorporated company is the best way for you to run your business. Comparison table of some European Union Countries Country Czechia Hungary Poland Slovakia Capital City Prague Budapest Warsaw Bratislava Language Czech Hungarian Polish Slovak EU Member Since 2004 Since 2004 Since 2004 Since 2004 Schengen Member Yes Yes Yes Yes Population 11 Million 10 Million 38 Million 5.5 Million Area (KM²) 79,000 93,000 312,000 49,000 Currency CZK HUF PLN EUR Corporate Tax 19% 9% 9% ³ 21% ² Dividend Tax ¹ 15% 15% 19% 7% VAT (Standard Rate) 21% 27% 23% 20% Limited Company (LLC) S.R.O. KFT SP. Z.O.O S.R.O Incorporation Time 2-5 Days 4-5 Days 3-4 Weeks 3-4 Weeks Minimum Share Capital 1 EUR 8K EUR 1,250 EUR 5K EUR Remote Incorporation Yes Yes ⁴ Yes Yes EU VAT Number 2 Months Immediately 1-2 Months 30 Days Local Address Yes Yes Yes Yes Local Accountant Yes Yes Yes Yes 1 Dividend tax only applies to individuals who are tax residents in the given country. 2 If the company’s revenue remains below EUR 50,000, the corporate tax is 15%. 3 If the revenue exceeds EUR 2M. the corporate tax is 19%. 4 Travels may be required for company bank account opening. Warning : Take this comparison table below as an example only. The laws and taxations are dynamic and change very often. EU Countries Austria ISO Codes: AT / AUT Country Codes: +43 Capital: Vienna Official language(s): German EU member country: since 1 January 1995 Currency: EUR (Euro). Euro area member since 1 January 1999 Schengen: Schengen area member since 1 December 1997 Belgium ISO Codes: BE / BEL Country Codes: +32 Capital: Brussels Official language(s): Dutch, French and German EU member country: since 1 January 1958 Currency: EUR (Euro). Euro area member since 1 January 1999 Schengen: Schengen area member since 26 March 1995 Bulgaria ISO Codes: BG / BGR Country Codes: +359 Capital: Sofia Official language(s): Bulgarian EU member country: since 1 January 2007 Currency: BGN (Bulgarian Lev). Bulgaria has committed to adopt the euro once it fulfils the necessary conditions. Schengen: Bulgaria is currently in the process of joining the Schengen area. Croatia ISO Codes: HR / HRV Country Codes: +385 Capital: Zagreb Official language(s): Croatian EU member country: since 1 July 2013 Currency: EUR (Euro). Euro area member since 1 January 2023 Schengen: Schengen area member since 1 January 2023 Cyprus ISO Codes: CY / CYP Country Codes: +357 Capital: Nicosia Official language(s): Greek EU member country: since 1 May 2004 Currency: EUR (Euro). Euro area member since 1 January 2008 Schengen: Cyprus is currently in the process of joining the Schengen area. Czechia ISO Codes: CZ / CZE Country Codes: +420 Capital: Prague Official language(s): Czech EU member country: since 1 May 2004 Currency: CZK (Czech Koruna). Czechia is currently preparing to adopt the euro. Schengen: Schengen area member since 21 December 2007 Denmark ISO Codes: DK / DNK Country Codes: +45 Capital: Copenhagen Official language(s): Danish EU member country: since 1 January 1973 Currency: DKK (Danish Krone). Denmark has negotiated an opt-out from the euro and thus is not obliged to introduce it. Schengen: Schengen area member since 25 March 2001 Estonia ISO Codes: EE / EST Country Codes: +372 Capital: Tallinn Official language(s): Estonian EU member country: since 1 May 2004 Currency: EUR (Euro). Euro area member since 1 January 2011 Schengen: Schengen area member since 21 December 2007 Finland ISO Codes: FI / FIN Country Codes: +358 Capital: Helsinki Official language(s): Finnish, Swedish EU member country: since 1 January 1995 Currency: EUR (Euro). Euro area member since 1 January 1999 Schengen: Schengen area member since 25 March 2001 France ISO Codes: FR / FRA Country Codes: +33 Capital: Paris Official language(s): French EU member country: since 1 January 1958 Currency: EUR (Euro). Euro area member since 1 January 1999 Schengen: Schengen area member since 26 March 1995 Germany ISO Codes: DE / DEU Country Codes: +49 Capital: Berlin Official language(s): German EU member country: since 1 January 1958 Currency: EUR (Euro). Euro area member since 1 January 1999 Schengen: Schengen area member since 26 March 1995 Greece ISO Codes: GR / GRC Country Codes: +30 Capital: Athens Official language(s): Greek EU member country: since 1 January 1981 Currency: EUR (Euro). Euro area member since 1 January 2001 Schengen: Schengen area member since 1 January 2000 Hungary ISO Codes: HU / HUN Country Codes: +36 Capital: Budapest Official language(s): Hungarian EU member country: since 1 May 2004 Currency: HUF (Hungarian Forint). Hungary is currently preparing to adopt the euro. Schengen: Schengen area member since 21 December 2007 Ireland ISO Codes: IE / IRL Country Codes: +353 Capital: Dublin Official language(s): Irish, English EU member country: since 1 January 1973 Currency: EUR (Euro). Euro area member since 1 January 1999 Schengen: Ireland has negotiated an opt-out from Schengen area. Italy ISO Codes: IT / ITA Country Codes: +39 Capital: Rome Official language(s): Italian EU member country: since 1 January 1958 Currency: EUR (Euro). Euro area member since 1 January 1999 Schengen: Schengen area member since 26 October 1997 Latvia ISO Codes: LV / LVA Country Codes: +371 Capital: Riga Official language(s): Latvian EU member country: since 1 May 2004 Currency: EUR (Euro). Euro area member since 1 January 2014 Schengen: Schengen area member since 21 December 2007 Lithuania ISO Codes: LT / LTU Country Codes: +370 Capital: Vilnius Official language(s): Lithuanian EU member country: since 1 May 2004 Currency: EUR (Euro). Euro area member since 1 January 2015 Schengen: Schengen area member since 21 December 2007 Luxembourg ISO Codes: LU / LUX Country Codes: +352 Capital: Luxembourg Official language(s): French, German EU member country: since 1 January 1958 Currency: EUR (Euro). Euro area member since 1 January 1999 Schengen: Schengen area member since 26 March 1995 Malta ISO Codes: MT / MLT Country Codes: +356 Capital: Valletta Official language(s): Maltese, English EU member country: since 1 May 2004 Currency: EUR (Euro). Euro area member since 1 January 2008 Schengen: Schengen area member since 21 December 2007 Netherlands ISO Codes: NL / NLD Country Codes: +31 Capital: Amsterdam Official language(s): Dutch EU member country: since 1 January 1958 Currency: EUR (Euro). Euro area member since 1 January 1999 Schengen: Schengen area member since 26 March 1995 Poland ISO Codes: PL / POL Country Codes: +48 Capital: Warsaw Official language(s): Polish EU member country: since 1 May 2004 Currency: PLN (Polish Zloty). Poland is currently preparing to adopt the euro. Schengen: Schengen area member since 21 December 2007 Portugal ISO Codes: PL / POL Country Codes: +48 Capital: Lisbon Official language(s): Portuguese EU member country: since 1 January 1986 Currency: EUR (Euro). Euro area member since 1 January 1999 Schengen: Schengen area member since 26 March 1995 Romania ISO Codes: RO / ROU Country Codes: +40 Capital: Bucharest Official language(s): Romanian EU member country: since 1 January 2007 Currency: RON (Romanian Leu). Romania has committed the euro once it fulfils the necessary conditions. Schengen: Romania is currently in the process of joining the Schengen area. Slovakia ISO Codes: SK / SVK Country Codes: +421 Capital: Bratislava Official language(s): Slovak EU member country: since 1 May 2004 Currency: EUR (Euro). Euro area member since 1 January 2009 Schengen: Schengen area member since 21 December 2007 Slovenia ISO Codes: SI / SVN Country Codes: +386 Capital: Ljubljana Official language(s): Slovenian EU member country: since 1 May 2004 Currency: EUR (Euro). Euro area member since 1 January 2007 Schengen: Schengen area member since 21 December 2007 Spain ISO Codes: ES / ESP Country Codes: +34 Capital: Madrid Official language(s): Spanish EU member country: since 1 January 1986 Currency: EUR (Euro). Euro area member since 1 January 1999 Schengen: Schengen area member since 26 March 1995 Sweden ISO Codes: SE / SWE Country Codes: +46 Capital: Stockholm Official language(s): Swedish EU member country: since 1 January 1995 Currency: SEK (Swedish Krona). Sweden has committed the euro once it fulfils the necessary conditions. Schengen: Schengen area member since 25 March 2001 References: European Union (european-union.europa.eu ); Global VAT Compliance (www.globalvatcompliance.com ); Helpers Central Europe (helpers-europe.com ); HM Revenue & Customs (www.gov.uk ); Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.org); Investopedia (www.investopedia.com )

SAP NFe is focused on SAP Localizations/Versions for Countries in Europe, North America and South America. We can improve processes, applying best practices and bringing SAP back to standard, creating value for your company. Creating value and generating positive and significant impacts on business. SAP NFe To Help Companies Run SAP Better Most of the companies spend hundreds of thousands of dollars , hiring unprepared consultancies and consultants, resulting in a expensive and unreliable system, with high maintenance costs, which ends up not meeting the company's expectations. This is the usual experience that the most valuable companies on the market are used to living on a day-to-day basis. We are focused on Europe , North America and South America country versions and localizations. We can improve processes, applying best practices and bringing the SAP back to standard, creating value to your company. If you're ready to innovate, we can help your business achieve its goals with cost-effective, tailor-made solutions. SAP Global Best Practices These articles cover the guidelines and best practices that the big techs don't want you to know. SAP Brazil Localization These articles cover roadmap implementation, localization complexity, nota fiscal (e-invoicing), indirect taxes, direct taxes, withholding, bank communication, electronic reporting (SPED) and more. SAP EU Localization These articles cover the main points about the EU Common Market, Localization, Single Euro Payments Area and more. SAP UK Localisation These articles cover roadmap implementation, localisation complexity, financial accounting, taxes, accounts payable, bank accounting and more. SAP US Localization These articles cover roadmap implementation, localization complexity, financial accounting, taxes, treasure, accounts payable, bank accounting, check (or also known as a cheque, in British English), withholding taxes (1099 misc) and more. Solutions We are focused on helping companies achieve their goals with cost-effective, tailor-made solutions. Sustainability Technology shaping the future of your company with sustainability, eliminating the waste of resources and process. Global Trends Our values go beyond simply redesigning processes. We help improve performance, compliance and more.

Topics: Hypervisor Type 1, Type 2, Hyper-V, VMWare, VirtualBox, Proxmox, Docker, Nested Virtualization Up Hypervisor / Virtualization Hypervisor Overview WSL2 (Windows Subsystem for Linux) | Linux Distros Windows Terminal | Installation Hyper-V| Virtual Machine with Nested Virtualization Docker | Virtualization Docker | Install Docker Engine Docker and Docker Compose | Commands Docker vs Docker Compose PVE | Proxmox Virtual Environment Proxmox | No-Subscription Proxmox | Default Firewall Rules Proxmox | SSH Proxmox | Executing Script in Containers Remotely Proxmox | Disk Resize Proxmox | Notification | SMTP with GMail Proxmox | CRON (Job Scheduler) Hypervisor Overview A hypervisor, also known as a virtual machine monitor (VMM) or virtualizer, is a type of computer software, firmware or hardware that creates and runs virtual machines. Host Machine: A computer on which a hypervisor runs one or more virtual machines Guest machine: Each virtual machine The hypervisor presents the guest operating systems with a virtual operating platform and manages the execution of the guest operating systems. Unlike an emulator, the guest executes most instructions on the native hardware. Multiple instances of a variety of operating systems may share the virtualized hardware resources: for example, Linux, Windows, and macOS instances can all run on a single physical machine. This contrasts with operating-system–level virtualization, where all instances (usually called containers) must share a single kernel, though the guest operating systems can differ in user space, such as different Linux distributions with the same kernel. The term hypervisor is a variant of supervisor, a traditional term for the kernel of an operating system: the hypervisor is the supervisor of the supervisors. Most used Hypervisors: Hyper-V Virtual Box VMWare KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) Proxmox VE (Virtual Environment) Type 1 Hypervisor A type 1 hypervisor, or a bare metal hypervisor, interacts directly with the underlying machine hardware. A bare metal hypervisor is installed directly on the host machine’s physical hardware, not through an operating system. In some cases, a type 1 hypervisor is embedded in the machine’s firmware. The type 1 hypervisor negotiates directly with server hardware to allocate dedicated resources to VMs. It can also flexibly share resources, depending on various VM requests. Type 2 Hypervisor A type 2 hypervisor, or hosted hypervisor, interacts with the underlying host machine hardware through the host machine’s operating system. You install it on the machine, where it runs as an application. The type 2 hypervisor negotiates with the operating system to obtain underlying system resources. However, the host operating system prioritizes its own functions and applications over the virtual workloads. Type 1 (Bare Metal) vs Type 2 (Hosted) Type 1 Hypervisor Also Known as: Bare Metal Hypervisor Runs on: Underlying physical host machine hardware Best Suited for: Large, resource-intensive, or fixed-use workloads Can it negotiate dedicated resources?: Yes Knowledge Required: System administrator-level knowledge Examples: VMware ESXi, KVM, Microsoft Hyper-V Type 2 Hypervisor Also Known as: Hosted hypervisor Runs on: Underlying operating system (host OS) Best Suited for: Desktop and development environments Can it negotiate dedicated resources?: No Knowledge Required: Basic user knowledge Examples: VMware Workstation, Oracle VM VirtualBox, Microsoft Virtual PC KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) It's an open source virtualization technology that changes the Linux kernel into a hypervisor that can be used for virtualization and is an alternative to proprietary virtualization technologies, such as those offered by VMware. VMWare VMWare ESXi bare-metal hypervisor that installs directly onto a physical server. With direct access to and control of underlying resources, VMware ESXi partitions hardware to consolidate applications and cut costs. VMWare Fusion is a virtual user session software built to run Windows applications on Macintosh. WSL2 (Windows Subsystem for Linux) | Linux Distros Installing Linux Distros on WSL2 (Windows Subsystem for Linux) Enable Virtualization in BIOS Hyper-V in Windows Features Install Windows Subsystem For Linux Method 1: Microsoft store Method 2: WSL Command line interface Method 3: Winget Method 2: WSL Command line interface It is possible to install the same Distros available on the Windows Store directly from the command line in the: PowerShell terminal Command Prompt "CMD" Windows Terminal (It's recommended, but you need to download it) Installing WSL using PowerShell Run PowerShell as Administrator To see all available distros: wsl --list --online Or simply the command: wsl -l -o (Optional) See all your currently installed distros: wsl -l -v To install the Distro: wsl --install -d Example 1: wsl --install -d Ubuntu Example 2: wsl --install -d Debian Example 3: wsl --install -d kali-linux Example 4: wsl --install -d Ubuntu-24.04 Example 5: wsl --install -d SUSE-Linux-Enterprise-15-SP5 When finished, you will be prompted to create: Username Password They don’t need to match your Windows user credential PowerShell Commands Accessing Default Distro | Command: wsl Accessing Distro | Command: wsl -d Example: wsl -d Ubuntu List of Distros installed | Command: wsl --list See all Commands | Commands: wsl --help See all your currently installed distros and which version of WSL they are using | Command: wsl -l -v Updating WSL | Command: wsl --update Shutting down WSL | Command: wsl --shutdown Desinstalling a Distro | Command: wsl --unregister Example: wsl --unregister Ubuntu Issues Error '0x8000ffff' | If you are facing the '0x8000ffff' error in the installation: "An error occurred during installation. Distribution Name: 'Ubuntu' Error Code: 0x8000ffff" You can try to update the WSL to solve it | Command: wsl --update Virtualization Issues | You can check if your virtualization is ok using this command Open Powershell | Command: systeminfo.exe Reinstall WSL Windows Subsystem for Linux on Windows Server 2022 (If you need reinstall the WSL to fix unknown errors) You can simply go to 'Remove Roles and Features' Remove 'Windows Subsystem for Linux Service' Reboot the system Add again 'Windows Subsystem for Linux Service' by going to 'Add Roles and Features' Windows Terminal | Installation Windows Clients (Windows 10, Windows 11) Microsoft Store Link: https://aka.ms/terminal Windows Server (Windows Server 2022) Since windows server doesn't have support for Microsoft Store anymore, you need to use PowerShell (Download from Microsoft GitHub). Methods: GitHub Winget Chocolatey Scoop GitHub Method Prerequisites: Installing "C++ Runtime framework packages for Desktop Bridge". Microsoft provides C++ Runtime framework packages to allow applications to reference the C++ runtime from desktop applications distributed through the Windows Store. Command to Download: Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://aka.ms/Microsoft.VCLibs.x64.14.00.Desktop.appx -outfile Microsoft.VCLibs.x64.14.00.Desktop.appx Version: x64 Parameter Uri: Location of the package Parameter Outfile: To create the file Outcome: You can see the file created, if you check the directory. (example: If you execute the command in the C:\Users\Administrator, the file will be there) Command to Execute the installation: Add-AppxPackage Microsoft.VCLibs.x64.14.00.Desktop.appx Installing the Windows Terminal Check the last stable version at: https://github.com/microsoft/terminal/releases/ Command to Download: Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://github.com/microsoft/terminal/releases/download/v1.19.10821.0/Microsoft.WindowsTerminal_1.19.10821.0_8wekyb3d8bbwe.msixbundle -outfile Microsoft.WindowsTerminal_1.19.10821.0_8wekyb3d8bbwe.msixbundle Version: v1.19.10821.0 (March 2024 Stable version) Parameter Uri: Location of the package Parameter Outfile: To create the file Outcome: You can see the file created, if you check the directory. (example: If you execute the command in the C:\Users\Administrator, the file will be there) Command to Execute the installation: Add-AppxPackage Microsoft.WindowsTerminal_1.19.10821.0_8wekyb3d8bbwe.msixbundle Hyper-V| Virtual Machine with Nested Virtualization Nested Virtualization is a feature that allows you to run Hyper-V inside of a Hyper-V virtual machine (VM). Prerequisites: Intel processor with VT-x and EPT technology The Hyper-V host must be either Windows Server 2016 or later, or Windows 10 or later VM configuration version 8.0 or higher AMD EPYC / Ryzen processor or later The Hyper-V host must be either Windows Server 2022 or later, or Windows 11 or later VM configuration version 9.3 or higher Enable Nested Virtualization Create a virtual machine While the virtual machine is in the OFF state Open Powershell Command: Set-VMProcessor -VMName -ExposeVirtualizationExtensions $true Start the virtual machine Disable Nested Virtualization While the virtual machine is in the OFF state Open Powershell Command: Set-VMProcessor -VMName -ExposeVirtualizationExtensions $false Networking options There are two options for networking with nested virtual machines: MAC address spoofing NAT networking MAC address spoofing In order for network packets to be routed through two virtual switches, MAC address spoofing must be enabled on the first (L1) level of virtual switch. To enable MAC address spoofing, run the following PowerShell command. Open Powershell Command: Get-VMNetworkAdapter -VMName | Set-VMNetworkAdapter -MacAddressSpoofing On NAT Networking | Network Address Translation (NAT) The second option relies on network address translation (NAT). This approach is best suited for cases where MAC address spoofing isn't possible, like in a public cloud environment. First, a virtual NAT switch must be created in the host virtual machine (the "middle" VM). The following example creates a new internal switch named VmNAT and creates a NAT object for all IP addresses in the 192.168.100.0/24 subnet. Open Powershell Command: New-VMSwitch -Name VmNAT -SwitchType Internal Command: New-NetNat –Name LocalNAT –InternalIPInterfaceAddressPrefix “192.168.100.0/24” Next, assign an IP address to the net adapter: Command: Get-NetAdapter "vEthernet (VmNat)" | New-NetIPAddress -IPAddress 192.168.100.1 -AddressFamily IPv4 -PrefixLength 24 Each nested virtual machine must have an IP address and gateway assigned to it. The gateway IP must point to the NAT adapter from the previous step. You may also want to assign a DNS server: Command: Get-NetAdapter "vEthernet (VmNat)" | New-NetIPAddress -IPAddress 192.168.100.2 -DefaultGateway 192.168.100.1 -AddressFamily IPv4 -PrefixLength 24 Command: Netsh interface ip add dnsserver “vEthernet (VmNat)” address= Docker | Virtualization What is Docker? Docker is a platform that helps developers build, test, and deploy applications quickly and efficiently. Containers | Docker uses containers, which are standardized components that combine application code with the operating system (OS) libraries and dependencies Isolation | Docker's virtualization facilities isolate applications from the operating environment, including the network, process trees, user IDs, and mounted file systems Portability | Docker containers are lightweight and portable, so they can be easily deployed across different environments Efficiency | Docker containers can run efficiently in different environments, and multiple containers can run on the same hardware Speed | Docker can significantly reduce the time between writing code and running it in production Cloud | Docker containers can operate the same way whether deployed on premises or using cloud computing technology Hybrid Cloud | Docker apps that use multiple cloud offerings can be considered hybrid cloud or multi-cloud Virtualization | Is Docker a Hypervisor? No, Docker is not a hypervisor, but it does use the Docker Engine to power virtualization. Hypervisors and Dockers are not the same, and neither can be used interchangeably. People are often confused between the two because of their applications related to virtualization. Docker | An open platform that helps developers build, ship, and run applications. Docker containers are isolated environments that include the dependencies needed to run an application. Docker is installed on each server and provides commands for building, starting, and stopping containers Hypervisor | Software that creates, manages, and runs virtual machines (VMs). A single hypervisor can manage multiple VMs on a single server, with each VM running hundreds of applications. There are two types of hypervisors: type 1, also known as a bare metal hypervisor, runs directly on the host hardware, while type 2 is a hosted hypervisor Docker | Install Docker Engine This section describes how to install Docker Engine on Linux, also known as Docker CE. Docker Engine is also available through Docker Desktop for: Windows macOS Linux Docker Engine vs Docker Desktop Docker Engine is the core technology that powers Docker containers Docker Desktop for Linux provides a user-friendly graphical interface that simplifies the management of containers and services. It includes Docker Engine as this is the core technology It also comes with additional features like Docker Scout and Docker Extensions Docker on Linux | Supported Platforms CentOS | x86_64 / amd64 | arm64 / aarch64 | ppc64le Debian | x86_64 / amd64 | arm64 / aarch64 | arm (32-bit) | ppc64le Fedora | x86_64 / amd64 | arm64 / aarch64 | ppc64le Raspberry Pi OS (32-bit) | arm (32-bit) RHEL | x86_64 / amd64 (Experimental)| arm64 / aarch64 (Experimental) | s390x SLES | s390x Ubuntu | x86_64 / amd64 | arm64 / aarch64 | arm (32-bit) | ppc64le | s390x Binaries | x86_64 / amd64 | arm64 / aarch64 | arm (32-bit) Docker Engine on Linux 64-bit (Ubuntu) Requirements Operational System: Ubuntu Noble 24.04 (LTS) Ubuntu Jammy 22.04 (LTS) Ubuntu Focal 20.04 (LTS) Docker Old Version: You need to uninstall it Firewall: Docker is only compatible with "iptables-nft" and "iptables-legacy" Make sure that any firewall rulesets you use are created with iptables or ip6tables If you use ufw or firewalld to manage firewall settings, be aware that when you expose container ports using Docker, these ports bypass your firewall rules Installing on Ubuntu 1 Step | Add Docker's official GPG key Update repository | Command: sudo apt-get update Install Certificates | Command: sudo apt-get install ca-certificates curl Key grouping | Command: sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings Downloading | Command: sudo curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc Changing permission | Command: sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc 2 Step | Install Docker Packages Install the latest version | Command: sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin 3 Step | Verify that the Docker Engine installation Run the "hello-world" image | Command: sudo docker run hello-world This command downloads a test image and runs it in a container. When the container runs, it prints a confirmation message and exits Docker Desktop on Linux 64-bit Requirements 64-bit kernel and CPU support for virtualization KVM virtualization support QEMU must be version 5.2 or later systemd init system Gnome, KDE, or MATE Desktop environment At least 4 GB of RAM. Enable configuring ID mapping in user namespaces * QEMU is a generic and open source machine emulator and virtualizer (www.qemu.org ) Docker and Docker Compose| Commands Command Description Type Example Comments docker create Create a docker container Container Management docker inspect Inspect a running container Container Management docker kill Kill a container Container Management docker logs -f Follow the logs of a container Container Management docker pause Pause a container Container Management docker ps List running containers Container Management docker ps -a List all containers Container Management sudo docker ps -a docker rename Rename a container Container Management docker restart Restart a container Container Management docker rm --force Stop and Remove Docker Container Container Management sudo docker rm --force ubuntu docker rm Remove a stopped container Container Management sudo docker rm ubuntu docker run --restart unless-stopped Run a container and automatically (re)start on boot or in the event of a crash Container Management sudo docker run --restart unless-stopped adguard/adguardhome docker run -d Run a container in the background Container Management sudo docker run -d adguard/adguardhome docker run -it Run a container in interactive mode Container Management docker run -p : Run a container with a port mapping Container Management sudo docker run -p 53:53/tcp adguard/adguardhome docker run Run a container from an image Container Management docker start Start an existing container Container Management docker stop Stop a container Container Management docker unpause Unpause a container Container Management docker wait Wait until running container stops Container Management docker build -t Build an image Image Management docker commit Create a docker image from a running container Image Management docker image prune Remove all unused images Image Management docker images List local images Image Management docker rmi Delete a local image Image Management docker run hello-world Verify Docker Installation Installation sudo docker run hello-world Verify if docker is successfully installed docker inspect -f '{{range.NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' Docker Container IP Address Network Management sudo docker inspect -f '{{range.NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' ubuntu docker network connect Connect a container with a docker network Network Management docker network create --subnet --gateway Create a docker network Network Management docker network disconnect Disconnect a container with a docker network Network Management docker network inspect Inspect a docker network Network Management docker network ls List all docker networks Network Management docker network rm Remove a docker network Network Management Docker vs Docker Compose Both docker run and docker compose can be used to run a Docker container. That is how these two Docker constructs are similar. But that’s where the similarities end. The key difference between docker run versus docker-compose: Docker run is entirely command line based Second major difference is that Docker run can only start one container at a time Docker-Compose reads configuration data from a YAML file Second major difference is docker-compose after configured can run multiple containers The only requirement for Docker Compose is docker, as docker compose is another Docker client that allows you to define everything in a yaml file. Compose v1 was originally written in Python, so you can install it in a Python virtual environment. Usually you can see tutorials written for compose v1 using the syntax "docker compose" instead of "docker-compose" Compose v2 was written in Go and it is a plugin for Docker. You can use the syntax "docker compose", but you could easily add an alias to that command as "docker-compose" which was how the command of Compose v1 was named How it works in practice Imagine you wanted to use an Nginx container to test your website on your desktop computer. There are two available approaches: Approach 1 | Docker | Start the Nginx container on the command line with docker run Approach 2 | Docker-Compose |Start the Nginx with the docker-compose up and a preconfigured YAML file Approach 1 | Docker Run Syntax Command: docker run -d --rm --name=my-website --cpus=1.5 --memory=2048m -p 80:80 -v $PWD/website:/usr/share/nginx/html/ nginx:latest Approach 2 | Docker-Compose Syntax The docker-compose command codes all runtime configuration data in an aptly named YAML file called docker-compose.yaml. A docker-compose.yaml file equivalent to the docker run command above would look like this: --- version: '3.9' services: nginx-service: container_name: my-website image: nginx:latest cpus: 1.5 mem_limit: 2048m ports: - "80:80" volumes: $PWD/website:/usr/share/nginx/html --- Once the docker-compose.yaml file is configured, the described Docker container can be started simply by running the docker-compose up command in the same folder as the file: Command: docker-compose up -d --rm PVE | Proxmox Virtual Environment Proxmox Virtual Environment is a complete, open-source server management platform for enterprise virtualization. It tightly integrates the KVM hypervisor and Linux Containers (LXC), software-defined storage and networking functionality, on a single platform. With the integrated web-based user interface you can manage VMs and containers, high availability for clusters, or the integrated disaster recovery tools with ease. Features By combining two virtualization technologies on a single platform, Proxmox VE is giving maximum flexibility to your production environment. Use KVM full virtualization for Windows and Linux images, and lightweight containers to run conflict-free Linux applications. Proxmox Commands Command Description Type Example Comments pveam available Show available templates Installation pveam available Categories: System, Turnkey linux and mail. System creates templates for Ubuntu, Debian and other. pveam download Download Templates Installation pveam download local ubuntu-20.04-standard_20.04-1_amd64.tar.gz Out-of-the-box storage is "local". And the template is the name in "pveam available" command pveam update Update Proxmox Installation pveam update Update the appliances and templates available lxc-info -n Show IP Address of specific Container Network lxc-info -n 100 lxc-ls -f Show IP Address(es) of Containers Network lxc-ls -f Proxmox | No Subscription The Proxmox default installation comes with the Enterprise repository enabled by default. This would be good only if you have the subscription. Since most people don't pay for the subscription, every time the automatic or manual update is performed, you will get the message "IP not authorized for corporate repository" and you will also see the error: TASK ERROR: command 'apt-get update' failed: exit code 100 To stop this error, you just need to disable the Enterprise Repository, and enable the "No-Subscription" Repository. Enabling the No-Subscription Database Select PVE Node, go to Updates > Repository Select the Enterprise Component line Press Disable After that, Press Add Click OK for the Pop-up (This step does not prevent pop-ups) Select "No-Subscription" Repository, and press "Add" Restart the Proxmox Go to PVE Node > Updates Press "Refresh" Now you won't have more errors Proxmox No-Subscription 01 | Error: exit code 100 Proxmox No-Subscription 02 Proxmox No-Subscription 07 Proxmox No-Subscription 01 | Error: exit code 100 1/7 Proxmox | Default Firewall Rules The following traffic is filtered by the default firewall configuration: Datacenter incoming/outgoing DROP/REJECT If the input or output policy for the firewall is set to DROP or REJECT, the following traffic is still allowed for all Proxmox VE hosts in the cluster: Traffic over the loopback interface Already established connections Traffic using the IGMP protocol TCP traffic from management hosts to port 8006 in order to allow access to the web interface TCP traffic from management hosts to the port range 5900 to 5999 allowing traffic for the VNC web console TCP traffic from management hosts to port 3128 for connections to the SPICE proxy TCP traffic from management hosts to port 22 to allow ssh access UDP traffic in the cluster network to ports 5405-5412 for corosync UDP multicast traffic in the cluster network ICMP traffic type 3 (Destination Unreachable), 4 (congestion control) or 11 (Time Exceeded) The following traffic is dropped, but not logged even with logging enabled: TCP connections with invalid connection state Broadcast, multicast and anycast traffic not related to corosync, i.e., not coming through ports 5405-5412 TCP traffic to port 43 UDP traffic to ports 135 and 445 UDP traffic to the port range 137 to 139 UDP traffic form source port 137 to port range 1024 to 65535 UDP traffic to port 1900 TCP traffic to port 135, 139 and 445 UDP traffic originating from source port 53 The rest of the traffic is dropped or rejected, respectively, and also logged. This may vary depending on the additional options enabled in Firewall → Options, such as NDP, SMURFS and TCP flag filtering. Inspect the output | Command: iptables-save VM/CT incoming/outgoing DROP/REJECT This drops or rejects all the traffic to the VMs, with some exceptions for DHCP, NDP, Router Advertisement, MAC and IP filtering depending on the set configuration. The same rules for dropping/rejecting packets are inherited from the datacenter, while the exceptions for accepted incoming/outgoing traffic of the host do not apply. Again, you can use iptables-save (see above) to inspect all rules and chains applied. Logging of firewall rules By default, all logging of traffic filtered by the firewall rules is disabled. To enable logging, the loglevel for incoming and/or outgoing traffic has to be set in Firewall → Options. This can be done for the host as well as for the VM/CT firewall individually. By this, logging of Proxmox VE’s standard firewall rules is enabled and the output can be observed in Firewall → Log. Further, only some dropped or rejected packets are logged for the standard rules (see default firewall rules). loglevel does not affect how much of the filtered traffic is logged. It changes a LOGID appended as prefix to the log output for easier filtering and post-processing. loglevel is one of the following flags: loglevel: nolog | LOGID: —  loglevel: emerg | LOGID: 0 loglevel: alert | LOGID: 1 loglevel: crit | LOGID: 2 loglevel: err | LOGID: 3 loglevel: warning | LOGID: 4 loglevel: notice | LOGID: 5 loglevel: info | LOGID: 6 loglevel: debug | LOGID: 7 Ports used by Proxmox VE Web interface: 8006 (TCP, HTTP/1.1 over TLS) VNC Web console: 5900-5999 (TCP, WebSocket) SPICE proxy: 3128 (TCP) sshd (used for cluster actions): 22 (TCP) rpcbind: 111 (UDP) sendmail: 25 (TCP, outgoing) corosync cluster traffic: 5405-5412 UDP Live migration (VM memory and local-disk data): 60000-60050 (TCP) Proxmox | SSH Accessing Proxmox CT (Container) using SSH with Root Login If you are trying to access your Proxmox container, and despite it connecting, the password is not being authenticated, it is because you are using the "Root" login and you need to enable it. Select the PVE Node, open the shell terminal Edit the SSH Configuration | Command: nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config Find the line | Line: #PermitRootLogin prohibit-password Change to | Line: PermitRootLogin yes Don't forget to remove "#" Press Ctrl+X and Save it Restart the SSH service | Command: systemctl restart sshd And try to access the Container again | Command: ssh root@ Type your "root" password Proxmox | Executing Script in Containers Remotely How to run a PVE Node Script on to all Containers You just need to create a script: To make the desired script available to the container, without copying it | Line: exec 3 Resize Insert the quantity that you want to increase (in Gb) Click in Resize Disk Proxmox Disk Resize Proxmox Disk Resize 1/1 Proxmox | Notification | SMTP with GMail How to setup GMail SMTP Select the Datacenter, go to Notification Select Add, and SMTP Fill in the fields below: Endpoint Name | Example: SMTP_Gmail Enable | Check it Server | GMail SMTP Server: smtp.gmail.com Port | Default 465 Authenticate | Check it Username | Your email account | Password | GMail Password App (It is not your gmail password) From Address | Your email account | Recipient(s) | Select your user (it is previous configured) Press Add Proxmox SMTP Setup Proxmox SMTP Testing Proxmox SMTP Setup 1/2 Testing the GMail SMTP Select the Datacenter, go to Notification Select the new SMTP created, and click "Test" Click "Yes" on the pop-up If the configuration was done correctly, you will receive a confirmation email Proxmox | CRON (Job Scheduler) The cron command-line utility is a job scheduler on Linux-like operating systems. Cron is most suitable for scheduling repetitive tasks. Users who set up and maintain software environments use cron to schedule jobs, also known as cron jobs, to run periodically at fixed times, dates, or intervals. Hint : The definition at first glance seems complicated but it is simpler than it seems. Job Definition ┌ --------------- Minute (0 - 59) | ┌ ------------ Hour (0 - 23) | | ┌ --------- Day of Month (1 - 31) | | | ┌ ------ Month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ... | | | | ┌ ---- Day of Week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0 or 7) OR sun,mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat | | | | | * * * * * Command to be executed Examples of Job Definition 0 0 1 1 * | Run once a year at midnight of 1 January 0 0 1 * * | Run once a month at midnight of the first day of the month 0 0 * * 0 | Run once a week at midnight on Sunday 0 0 * * * | Run once a day at midnight 0 * * * * | Run once an hour at the beginning of the hour Examples of whole syntax Start the Container 103 everyday at 06:00 AM | Line: 0 6 * * * /usr/sbin/pct start 103 Stop the Container 103 everyday at 11:00 PM | Line: 0 23 * * * /user/sbin/pct stop 103 How to start a CT (Container) using CRON correctly On the Top Node (PVE Node), open Shell terminal Check your VMID | Command: pct list Get the VMID of your (CT) Container Example: 103 Open the Crontab | Command: crontab -e Select the editor | "1" = "/bin/nano <--- easiest" Add this line at the end of the file | 0 6 * * * /usr/sbin/pct start 103 This line will start everyday 06:00 AM the Container 103 Explanation: | <0 6 * * *> Command: <103> | Save it | Ctrl+X, Select "Yes" and Press enter You will see "crontab: installing new crontab" You don't need to do anything else References: Microsoft (www.microsoft.com ); GitHub (github.com ); Proxmox (www.proxmox.com )

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Create your own homelab. Applications and tools for monitoring, media servers, telemetry, ad blockers, DNS Sinkholes, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol and more. Up Homelab Raspberry PI | Imager Uptime Kuma | Monitoring Tool Prometheus | Telemetry Grafana | Telemetry Postfix | Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) BGInfo | Computer Info on Wallpaper Pi Hole (DNS Sinkhole) AdGuard Home (DNS Sinkhole) Plex Media Server Zabbix | Monitoring Tool Raspberry PI | Imager Raspberry Imager Download Raspberry PI Imager | Path: https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/ Install Raspberry Imager Insert the Micro SSD in the laptop Run the Raspberry Imager Select the Device Select the Operating System Select the Storage After the installation is done, you just need to insert the Micro SSD on Raspberry PI and power it. Uptime Kuma | Monitoring Tool Uptime Kuma is an open-source monitoring tool that can track the health of websites, applications, and APIs. It can monitor services over HTTP/S, TCP, DNS, and other protocols. Features Notifications: Uptime Kuma can send notifications via email, Telegram, Discord, Gotify, Slack, Pushover, and more than 90 other notification services Status pages: Uptime Kuma allows users to create custom status pages to share information about service health and manage incidents Scalability: Uptime Kuma can be deployed on any cloud or on-premise Security: Uptime Kuma is secure Data storage: Uptime Kuma uses a local SQLite database to store user data and service configuration Installing Uptime Kuma on Docker Open the terminal For non-root users, use the command "sudo " to perform administrative tasks Update Repository | Command: apt update (Optional) Install 'Docker', if you don't have it | Command: apt install docker-io Install 'Uptime Kuma' using 'Docker' | Command: docker run -d --restart=always -p 3001:3001 -v uptime-kuma:/app/data --name uptime-kuma louislam/uptime-kuma:1 Accessing 'Uptime Kuma' | Hyperlink: http://:3001 Example: http://192.168.1.130 :3000 Create an User and Password Accessing Uptime Kuma over Internet In order to expose Uptime Kuma to the web securely, you can reverse proxy it using a Tunnel (like CloudFlare Tunnel). Monitoring HTTP(s) Advanced Status Code 200-299 Range: Page is OK (Use this to your webpage) 400-499 Range: Problem with the Client (Problem is with your Computer) 500-599 Range: Problem with the Server HTTP(s) - Keyword It will monitor and search an specific word in your webpage, if the word is not found it will considered your webpage down DNS You can monitor your DNS Resolver (Like AdGuard or Pi-Hole) You can insert a webpage, and you DNS Resolver and port Prometheus | Telemetry Prometheus is a free software application used for event monitoring and alerting. It records metrics in a time series database built using an HTTP pull model, with flexible queries and real-time alerting. Prometheus Components Prometheus Server Prometheus server is a first component of Prometheus architecture Prometheus server is a core of Prometheus architecture which is divided into several parts like Storage, PromQL, HTTP server, etc In Prometheus server data is scraped from the target nodes and then stored in the database Storage Storage in Prometheus server has a local on disk storage Prometheus has many interfaces that allow integrating with remote storage systems PromQL Prometheus uses its own query language i.e. PromQL which is very powerful querying language PromQL allows the user to select and aggregate the data Service Discovery Next and very important component of Prometheus Server is the Service Discovery With the help of Service discovery the services are identified which are need to scraped To Pull metrics, identification of services and finding the targets are compulsory needed Through Service discovery we monitor the entities and can also locate its targets Scrape Target Once the services are identified and the targets are ready then we can pull metrics from it and can scrape the target We can export the data of end point using node exporters Once the metrics or other data is pulled, Prometheus stores it in a local storage Alert Manager Alert Manager handles the alerts which may occurs during the session Alert manager handles all the alerts which are sent by Prometheus server Alert manager is one of the very useful component of Prometheus tool If in case any big error or any issue occurs, alert manager manage those alerts and contact with human via E-mail, Text Messages, On-call, or any other chat application service User Interface User interface is also a important component as it builds a bridge between the user and the system In Prometheus, user interface are note that much user friendly and can be used till graph queries For good exclusive dashboards Prometheus works together with Grafana (visualization tool) Using Grafana over Prometheus to visualize properly we can use custom dashboards Grafana dashboards displays via pie charts, line charts, tables, good data graphs of CPU usage, RAM utilization, network load, etc with indicators Grafana supports and run with Prometheus by querying language i.e. PromQL To fetch data from Prometheus and to display the results on Grafana dashboards PromQL is used What is Grafana ? Grafana is a free and open source visualization tool mostly used with Prometheus to which monitor metrics Grafana provides various dashboards, charts, graphs, alerts for the particular data source Grafana allows us to query, visualize, explore metrics and set alerts for the data source which can be a system, server, nodes, cluster, etc We can also create our own dynamic dashboard for visualization and monitoring We can save the dashboard and can even share with our team members which is one of the main advantage of Grafana What is Node Exporter ? Node exporter is one of the Prometheus exporters which is used to expose servers or system OS metrics With the help of Node exporter we can expose various resources of the system like RAM, CPU utilization, Memory Utilization, disk space Node exporter runs as a system service which gathers the metrics of your system and that gathered metrics is displayed with the help of Grafana visualization tool Architecture This diagram illustrates the architecture of Prometheus and some of its ecosystem components Implementation Summary Documentation Download Files | URL: https://prometheus.io/download/ Node Explorer Docs | URL: https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter Download Files Windows Node | URL: https://github.com/prometheus-community/windows_exporter/releases/ Windows Node Explorer Docs | URL: https://github.com/prometheus-community/windows_exporter Setting up Prometheus monitoring system and time series database Installing Prometheus on Ubuntu Organizing Prometheus Directories Configuring Prometheus Setting up Node Exporter (Linux) Node Exporter Monitor for Windows Configuring Prometheus to Scrape Node Exporter Setting up Node Exporter (Windows ) Node Exporter Monitor for Windows Configuring Prometheus to Scrape Node Exporter Installing Prometheus on Ubuntu Open the terminal For non-root users, use the command "sudo " to perform administrative tasks Update Repository | Command: apt update Download Prometheus | Command: wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.53.3/prometheus-2.53.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz Check the latest version before downloading Extract the file | Command: tar xvfz prometheus-*.tar.gz Navigate to the Prometheus Directory | Command: cd prometheus*/ Organizing Prometheus Directories Create a System User for Prometheus Command: groupadd --system prometheus Command: useradd -s /sbin/nologin --system -g prometheus prometheus Create Directories for Prometheus Command: mkdir /etc/prometheus Command: mkdir /var/lib/prometheus Move the Binary Files Command: mv prometheus /usr/local/bin Command: mv promtool /usr/local/bin Move the Configuration Files Command: mv consoles /etc/prometheus Command: mv console_libraries /etc/prometheus Command: mv prometheus.yml /etc/Prometheus Set Owner Command: chown prometheus:prometheus /usr/local/bin/prometheus Command: chown prometheus:prometheus /usr/local/bin/promtool Command: chown prometheus:prometheus /etc/prometheus Command: chown -R prometheus:prometheus /etc/prometheus/consoles Command: chown -R prometheus:prometheus /etc/prometheus/console_libraries Command: chown -R prometheus:prometheus /var/lib/prometheus Configuring Prometheus Change Prometheus configuration file | Command: nano /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml Content: Check the content below Create Prometheus Systemd Service | Command: nano /etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service Content: Check the content below Reload Systemd | Command: systemctl daemon-reload Enable Prometheus | Command: systemctl enable prometheus Start Prometheus | Command: systemctl start prometheus (Optional) Check Prometheus Status | Command: systemctl status prometheus Tips | If you later make any changes to "prometheus.services", you will need to: Reload Systemd | Command: systemctl daemon-reload Restart Prometheus | Command: systemctl restart prometheus Content of "prometheus.yml" # --- Starting on the next line -> # Global Configuration global: scrape_interval: 15s # By default, scrape targets every 15 seconds. evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. # Attach these labels to any time series or alerts when communicating with # external systems (federation, remote storage, Alertmanager). external_labels: monitor: 'codelab-monitor' # Alertmanager configuration alerting: alertmanagers: - static_configs: - targets: # - alertmanager:9093 # Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'. rule_files: # - "first_rules.yml" # - "second_rules.yml" # A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape: # Here it's Prometheus itself. scrape_configs: - job_name: 'prometheus' scrape_interval: 5s static_configs: - targets: ['localhost:9090'] # The job name is added as a label `job=` to any timeseries scraped from this config. # Override the global default and scrape targets from this job every 5 seconds. # --- End --- Content of "prometheus.service" # --- Starting on the next line -> [Unit] Description=Prometheus Wants=network-online.target After=network-online.target [Service] User=prometheus Group=prometheus Type=simple ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/prometheus \ --config.file /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml \ --storage.tsdb.path /var/lib/prometheus/ \ --web.console.templates=/etc/prometheus/consoles \ --web.console.libraries=/etc/prometheus/console_libraries ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID Restart=on-failure RestartSec=5s [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target # --- End --- Node Exporter Monitor for Linux Open the terminal on the server you want to monitor For non-root users, use the command "sudo " to perform administrative tasks Create a user named "nodeuser" | Command: useradd --no-create-home --shell /bin/false nodeuser Options: "--no-create-home" and "--shell /bin/false" will ensure that no home directory is created for this user, and this user cannot login to the server Download Node Explorer | Command: wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.8.2/node_exporter-1.8.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz Check the latest version before downloading Extract the files | Command: tar xvfz node_exporter-*.*-amd64.tar.gz Go to directory | Command: cd node_exporter-*.*-amd64 Move the directory | Command: mv node_exporter /usr/local/bin/ Secure the directory | Command: chown -R nodeuser:nodeuser /usr/local/bin/node_exporter Manage the Node Exporter instance with Systemd | Command: nano /etc/systemd/system/node_exporter.service Content: Check the content below Reload the systemd configuration | Command: systemctl daemon-reload Start the Node Exporter service | Command: systemctl start node_exporter Enable Node Exporter to start on boot | Command: systemctl enable node_exporter (Optional) Check Node Explorer | Command: systemctl status node_exporter (Optional) Check Metrics | Command: curl http://:9100/metrics Or you can check using your browser | URL: http ://:9100/metrics Content of "node_exporter.service" # --- Starting on the next line -> [Unit] Description=Node Exporter Service After=network.target [Service] User=nodeuser Group=nodeuser Type=simple ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/node_exporter ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID Restart=on-failure [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target # --- End --- Configuring Prometheus to Scrape Node Exporter Open the terminal on the Prometheus For non-root users, use the command "sudo " to perform administrative tasks Config Node on Prometheus | Command: nano /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml Add the lines in the "scrape_configs " section, after the "prometheus" job_name config: Check below Restart Prometheus | Command: systemctl restart prometheus Check the Telemetry em Prometheus | URL: http://:9090 Go to menu: Status -> Targets Content of "prometheus.yml" # --- Starting on the next line -> - job_name: 'node' scrape_interval: 5s static_configs: - targets: [' :9100'] # --- End --- Tips : If you need add a second linux node, you just need to install the node_exporter and add one more "target" line on "prometheus.yml" file Node Exporter Monitor for Windows Check the last version of node explorer for windows Download the ".msi" file Install it on windows machine Configuring Prometheus to Scrape Node Exporter Open the terminal on the Prometheus For non-root users, use the command "sudo " to perform administrative tasks Config Node on Prometheus | Command: nano /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml Add the lines in the "scrape_configs " section, after the "prometheus" job_name config: Check below Restart Prometheus | Command: systemctl restart prometheus Check the Telemetry em Prometheus | URL: http://:9090 Go to menu: Status -> Targets Content of "prometheus.yml" # --- Starting on the next line -> - job_name: 'windows' scrape_interval: 5s static_configs: - targets: [' :9182'] # --- End --- Grafana | Telemetry Grafana is a multi-platform open source analytics and interactive visualization web application. It can produce charts, graphs, and alerts for the web when connected to supported data sources. Official Installation URL: https://grafana.com/docs/grafana/latest/setup-grafana/installation/debian/ Hardware recommendations: Minimum recommended memory: 512 MB Minimum recommended CPU: 1 Supported operating systems: Debian or Ubuntu Red Hat, RHEL, or Fedora SUSE or openSUSE macOS Windows Installing Grafana on Ubuntu Open the terminal For non-root users, use the command "sudo " to perform administrative tasks Update Repository | Command: apt update Install the prerequisite packages | Command: apt-get install -y apt-transport-https software-properties-common wget Import the GPG key Command: mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings/ Command: wget -q -O - https://apt.grafana.com/gpg.key | gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /etc/apt/keyrings/grafana.gpg > /dev/null To add a repository for stable releases | Command: echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/grafana.gpg] https://apt.grafana.com stable main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/grafana.list Update the list of available packages | Command: apt-get update To install Grafana OSS | Command: apt-get install grafana Accessing Grafana | URL: http://:3000 Setting Up Prometheus Telemetry on Grafana Open Grafana UI | URL: http://:3000 Go to Menu: Connections -> Data Sources Add New Data Source Choose Prometheus Provide URL: http://:9090 Warning : Prometheus just need to added once. All Nodes will be pushed via Prometheus Uninstalling Grafana Open the terminal For non-root users, use the command "sudo " to perform administrative tasks Stop the systemd service | Command: systemctl stop grafana-server Stop the init.d service | Command: service grafana-server stop Uninstall Grafana OSS Command: apt-get remove grafana (Optional) Remove the Grafana repository | Command: rm -i /etc/apt/sources.list.d/grafana.list Postfix | Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) Postfix is a free and open-source mail transfer agent that routes and delivers electronic mail. Setting Up Postfix with Gmail Relay (Ubuntu) Open the terminal For non-root users, use the command "sudo " to perform administrative tasks Update Repository | Command: apt update Install the Postfix and the authentication module "libsasl2-modules" package | Command: apt install libsasl2-modules postfix When requested, select option: 2 Internet Site When requested, insert a hostname: Example: home.arpa Check below where the hostname will be displayed in the email (Optional) If you already have the postfix, or after the installation if the postfix configuration Wizard does not show up automatically, you can run the Wizard, and choose the options above | Command: dpkg-reconfigure postfix (Optional) Check the Postfix service status | Command: service postfix status Generate the Gmail App Password (action perform in your own gmail account) Create a file with SMTP Host, Port, Username and Password Open or create a file | Command: nano /etc/postfix/sasl/sasl_passwd Create a line | Line: [smtp.gmail.com]:587 : Example: [smtp.gmail.com]:587 johndoe@gmail.com :thjbdtrgjklmhjas Create the hash db file for Postfix | Command: postmap /etc/postfix/sasl/sasl_passwd (Optional) You can check the file created | File: /etc/postfix/sasl/sasl_passwd.db Secure Your Postfix Hash Database file Change the permission for root user | Command: chown root:root /etc/postfix/sasl/sasl_passwd.db Change the permission Read and Write for owner | Command: chmod 0600 /etc/postfix/sasl/sasl_passwd.db (Optional) Check permission | Command: ls -l /etc/postfix/sasl/sasl_passwd.db It should be like this "-rw------- 1 root root Jan 01 12:00 sasl_passwd.db" Delete the plain text file for safety measure | Command: rm /etc/postfix/sasl/sasl_passwd Configure the Postfix Relay Server | Command: nano /etc/postfix/main.cf Find and change this lines, or create them if necessary relayhost = [smtp.gmail.com]:587 # Enable SASL authentication smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes # Disallow methods that allow anonymous authentication smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous # Location of sasl_passwd smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl/sasl_passwd # Enable STARTTLS encryption smtp_tls_security_level = encrypt # Location of CA certificates smtp_tls_CAfile = /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt Restart Postfix | Command: systemctl restart postfix Install 'mailutils' | Command: apt install mailutils 'Mailutils' is a set of utilities and daemons that allows users to manage email from the command line or Linux terminal You will need 'mailutils' to use the command 'mail' to send emails Tips Check where the Hostname will appear in the email Go to the Gmail and select the email Click in More > Show Original The Hostname will be displayed in these lines: Received: from xxxxx.home .arpa ([xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx]) X-Google-Original-From: root@home.arpa (Cron Daemon) Received: by xxxxx.home.arpa (Postfix, from userid 0) id xxxxxxxxxx; Sun, 01 Jan 2000 12:00:00 +0000 (GMT) Message-Id: <20000101120000.xxxxxxxxxx@xxxxx.home.arpa > Sending Emails Open the terminal Sending an email | Command: echo "[email body]" | mail -s "[subject]" [recipient] Example: echo "Hi, How are you doing?" | mail -s "Hello" janedoe@gmail.com Changing the Mail Header Open the terminal For non-root users, use the command "sudo " to perform administrative tasks Install Postfix PCRE | Command: apt install postfix-pcre Update or Create the Header | Command: nano /etc/postfix/smtp_header_checks Add line: /^From:*/ REPLACE From: Example: /^From:*/ REPLACE From: JohnSmith johnsmith@gmail.com it doesn't matter. It will be replaced automatically Update the Postfix config | Command: nano /etc/postfix/main.cf Add line: smtp_header_checks = pcre:/etc/postfix/smtp_header_checks Configuring Crontab to send automatic emails Open the terminal Open Crontab | Command: crontab -e Insert this line above your jobs | Line: MAILTO= Example: MAILTO=johndoe@gmail.com Ctrl+X and Save it Now, every time a Cron Job is executed, an email will be sent to the selected email with the output of the execution BGInfo | Computer Info on Wallpaper BGInfo is a tool that displays a Windows computer's configuration information on the desktop wallpaper. It's part of Sysinternals and is often used by system administrators in large enterprises. BGInfo can display information such as: Computer name, IP address, Service pack version, OS version, and Hostname. Requirements Client: Windows 8.1 and higher Server: Windows Server 2012 and higher Warning : BGInfo has issues with some wallpapers extension, like '.png', try using '.jpg ' To use BGInfo Download BGInfo from the Sysinternals website Hyperlink: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/bginfo Extract the ZIP file contents Suggested Folder: 'C:\Program Files\BGInfo\' Run BGInfo and configure it to your needs Click OK to save your configuration (Option) You can save a '.bgi' file to transfer to another computer View your system information on your desktop background Custom User Defined Fields Architecture | WMI Query | SELECT OSArchitecture FROM Win32_OperatingSystem Example: 64-bit BootDevice | WMI Query | SELECT BootDevice FROM Win32_OperatingSystem NumbProcess| WMI Query | SELECT NumberOfProcessors FROM Win32_ComputerSystem ProcessName | WMI Query | SELECT Name FROM Win32_Processor BIOSDate | Registry Value | HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\HARDWARE\DESCRIPTION\System\BIOS\BIOSReleaseDate BoardProduct | Registry Value | HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\HARDWARE\DESCRIPTION\System\BIOS\BaseBoardProduct SystemFamily | Registry Value | HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\HARDWARE\DESCRIPTION\System\BIOS\SystemFamily Edition | Registry Value | HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\ProductName Version | Registry Value | HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\DisplayVersion LastUpdatePurge | Registry Value | HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\WindowsUpdate\LastDownloadsPurgeTime Auto Update the Display Windows Startup Create a shortcut Example 1 | Target | "C:\Program Files\BGInfo\Bginfo64.exe" /timer:0 /silent Example 2 | Target | "C:\Program Files\BGInfo\Bginfo64.exe" Bginfo64.bgi /timer:0 /silent Example 3 | Target | "C:\Program Files\BGInfo\Bginfo64.exe" "C:\Program Files\BGInfo\Bginfo64.bgi" /timer:0 /silent /nolicprompt (Optional) Change the Run Mode | Run: Minimized Put the shortcut on | C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\ Programs\Startup Registry Editor Search Bar | Application: regedit Go to | HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run Create a New 'Expandable String Value' Name: BGInfo Value Data: C:\Program Files\BGInfo\Bginfo64.bgi /timer:0 /silent /nolicprompt Parameters | Specifies the name of a configuration file to use for the current session. Changes to the configuration are automatically saved back to the file when OK or Apply is pressed. If this parameter is not present BGInfo uses the default configuration information which is stored in the registry under the current user ("HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Winternals\BGInfo") /timer | Specifies the timeout value for the countdown timer, in seconds. Example 1 | /timer:10 | Specifying 10 or no timer (default) will update the display in 10 seconds Example 2 | /timer:0 | Specifying zero will update the display without displaying the configuration dialog Example 3 | /timer:300 |Specifying 300 seconds or longer disables the timer altogether /popup | Causes BGInfo to create a popup window containing the configured information without updating the desktop. The information is formatted exactly as it would if displayed on the desktop, but resides in a fitted window instead. When using this option the history database is not updated /silent | Suppresses error messages /taskbar | Causes BGInfo to place an icon in the taskbar's status area without updating the desktop. Clicking the icon causes the configured information to appear in a popup window. When using this option the history database is not updated /all | Specifies that BGInfo should change the wallpaper for any and all users currently logged in to the system. This option is useful within a Terminal Services environment, or when BGInfo is scheduled to run periodically on a system used by more than one person (see Using a Schedule below) /log | Causes BGInfo to write errors to the specified log file instead of generating a warning dialog box. This is useful for tracking down errors that occur when BGInfo is run under the scheduler /rtf | Causes BGInfo to write its output text to an RTF file. All formatting information and colors are included /nolicprompt | EULA (End User License Agreement) is not prompted for new users /accepteula | EULA (End User License Agreement) is automatically accepted for new users Pi Hole (DNS Sinkhole) Installing Pi Hole o n Ubuntu Open the terminal For non-root users, use the command "sudo " to perform administrative tasks Update Package Database | Command: apt update Install 'curl' to download the Application | Command: apt install curl Install Pi-Hole | Command: curl -sSL https://install.pi-hole.net | bash Follow the steps to conclude the installation Pi-Hole will be installed and the initial password will be displayed on the screen Changing the Initial Password | Command: pihole -a -p Installing Pi Hole on Docker Container PowerShell Command: Open the terminal For non-root users, use the command "sudo " to perform administrative tasks Install Pi-Hole | Command: docker run -d --name pihole -p 53:53/tcp -p 53:53/udp -p 80:80 -p 443:443 -e TZ="Europe/London" -v "$(pwd)/etc-pihole/:/etc/pihole/" -v "$(pwd)/etc-dnsmasq.d/:/etc/dnsmasq.d/" --restart=unless-stopped pihole/pihole:latest docker run -d (Run Docker) --name pihole (Container Name) -p 53:53/tcp (Ports to expose. The 53 and 80 are the bare minimum ports required for Pi-holes HTTP and DNS services) -p 53:53/udp -p 80:80 -p 443:443 -e TZ="Europe/London" (Timezone) -v "$(pwd)/etc-pihole/:/etc/pihole/" (Volume and $(pwd) for your Pi-hole configs help persist changes across docker image updates) -v "$(pwd)/etc-dnsmasq.d/:/etc/dnsmasq.d/" (Volume and $(pwd) for your Pi-hole configs help persist changes across docker image updates) --restart=unless-stopped (Automatically (re)start your Pi-hole on boot or in the event of a crash) pihole/pihole:latest (Image of the Pi Hole and the tag latest to always get the latest release) Automatic Ad List Updates: Since the 3.0+ release, "cron" is baked into the container and will grab the newest versions of your lists and flush your logs. Set your TZ environment variable to make sure the midnight log rotation syncs up with your timezone's midnight. Accessing the Pi Hole URL: http://pi.hole/admin If the URL doesn't work you can check the "IPCONFIG" Command Prompt, the IPv4 of your LAN (main server) Example: 192.168.0.101/admin Initial Password Since we didn't use the variable to set the password, Pi Hole generates a random one. Check the password: Open your Docker Container Containers Click on Pi Hole Container Logs tab Search for assigned random password Line example: [i] Assigning random password: 5Tg45Gd9 Changing the Password: You don't need the initial password to change it Just need to type the command: docker exec -it pihole -a -p (in our case the name is pihole) And a prompt will request the new password Command: docker exec -it pihole pihole -a -p Using the Pi Hole You can use the same IP address that you are using to access the Pi Hole Web GUI to put as a DNS in your laptop, mobile or pfSense. AdGuard Home (DNS Sinkhole) What is AdGuard Home? It is a DNS Resolver and DNS Sinkhole. In other words, AdGuard Home is a application for blocking ads & tracking. It will replace the IP of your DNS server, querying major DNS providers such as Google (8.8.8.8), Cloudflare (1.1.1.1), with the correct IP address for your devices (DNS Resolver). But with one difference, it will block ads and tracking IPs by changing it to (0.0.0.0), a non-existent IP address (DNS Sinkhole). Benefits Privacy (Tracking Blocking) Reduction of Ads Increasing network speed (IP 0.0.0.0 won't download anything) Installing on Docker Warning : According with AdGuard documentation, the application has no drivers to work on Windows Docker, it must be installed on Docker on Linux-based system. Pull the Docker Image docker pull adguard/adguardhome Create and Run the Container docker run --name adguardhome --restart unless-stopped -v /my/own/workdir:/opt/adguardhome/work -v /my/own/confdir:/opt/adguardhome/conf -p 53:53/tcp -p 53:53/udp -p 67:67/udp -p 68:68/udp -p 80:80/tcp -p 443:443/tcp -p 443:443/udp -p 3000:3000/tcp -p 853:853/tcp -p 784:784/udp -p 853:853/udp -p 8853:8853/udp -p 5443:5443/tcp -p 5443:5443/udp -d adguard/adguardhome docker run --name adguardhome --restart unless-stopped -v /my/own/workdir:/opt/adguardhome/work -v /my/own/confdir:/opt/adguardhome/conf -p 53:53/tcp -p 53:53/udp -p 67:67/udp -p 68:68/udp -p 80:80/tcp -p 443:443/tcp -p 443:443/udp -p 3000:3000/tcp -p 853:853/tcp -p 784:784/udp -p 853:853/udp -p 8853:8853/udp -p 5443:5443/tcp -p 5443:5443/udp -d adguard/adguardhome Installing on Linux-based Systems (Ubuntu, Raspberry Pi OS) 1 Option using "curl" Open the terminal For non-root users, use the command "sudo " to perform administrative tasks Update Package Database | Command: apt update (Optional) If you don't have "curl", install it | Command: apt install curl Verify if you have "curl" | Command: curl --version Install AdGuard | Command: curl -s -S -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdguardTeam/AdGuardHome/master/scripts/install.sh | sh -s -- -v Accessing AdGuard Finishing the installation you will see the IP address to access the Web GUI. (It will be the IP address with port 3000) Example: http://127.0.0.1 :3000 2 Option using "snapd" Open the terminal For non-root users, use the command "sudo " to perform administrative tasks Update Repository | Command: apt update (Optional) If you don't have "snap", install it | Command: apt install snapd Verify if you have "snap" | Command: snapd --version Install AdGuard | Command: snap install adguard-home Accessing AdGuard Finishing the installation you will see the IP address to access the Web GUI. (It will be the IP address with port 3000) Example: http://127.0.0.1 :3000 (Optional) If you have to reconfigure the AdGuard you can access the 'yaml' directly Edit File | Command: nano /var/snap/adguard-home/current/AdGuardHome.yaml Plex Media Server Plex Media Server is a free software application that lets you store, organize, and stream your media collection from a central location. It's similar to having your own personal Netflix or Spotify server that you can access from many different devices. Plex Media Server Ports The most important port to make sure your firewall allows is the main TCP port the Plex Media Server uses for communication: Access to the Plex Media Server | TCP: 32400 (required) The following additional ports are also used within the local network for different services: Access to the Plex DLNA Server | UDP: 1900 Older Bonjour/Avahi network discovery | UDP: 5353 Controlling Plex for Roku via Plex Companion | TCP: 8324 Current GDM network discovery | UDP: 32410, 32412, 32413, 32414 Access to the Plex DLNA Server | TCP: 32469 Installing Plex Server on Ubuntu Open the terminal For non-root users, use the command "sudo " to perform administrative tasks Update Package Database | Command: apt update Install WGET to download the Application | Command: apt install wget (Optional) To get the path for the last version of Plex Go to official Plex Webpage | Page: https://www.plex.tv/ Go to | Download > Plex Media Server > COMPUTER > Linux Choose the Linux Distribution | Click on Linux Distribution and Copy the link of the right distribution for you Example of the Ubuntu/Debian Intel/AMD 64-bit: Link for Download (Download the Application step): https://downloads.plex.tv/plex-media-server-new/1.41.0.8992-8463ad060/debian/plexmediaserver_1.41.0.8992-8463ad060_amd64.deb File (Install the Application step): plexmediaserver_1.41.0.8992-8463ad060_amd64.deb Download the Application | Command: wget https://downloads.plex.tv/plex-media-server-new/1.41.0.8992-8463ad060/debian/plexmediaserver_1.41.0.8992-8463ad060_amd64.deb Install the Application | Command: dpkg -i plexmediaserver_1.41.0.8992-8463ad060_amd64.deb Accessing Plex via Web Browser Open your browser And access it using: http://:32400/web Example: http://192.168.0.110 :32400/web Mount an SMB Share Drive for Plex If you want to map a SMB share drive to be used on Plex, you can check in those link below: Mount SMB on Ubuntu | Check it here Activating Automatic Update On DEB-based distros (Ubuntu, etc.) The PMS package will automatically do all repository setup for you on Debian 10+/Ubuntu 20.04+ installations, including obtaining the package signing key. Open the terminal For non-root users, use the command "sudo " to perform administrative tasks Edit the file | Command: nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/plexmediaserver.list 1 Option | On the line "#deb https://downloads.plex.tv/repo/deb/ public main " | Uncomment Removing: # The line should be like this "deb https://downloads.plex.tv/repo/deb/ public main" 2 Option | On the line "#deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/plexmediaserver.gpg] https://downloads.plex.tv/repo/deb/ public main " | Uncomment Removing: # The line should be like this "deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/plexmediaserver.gpg] https://downloads.plex.tv/repo/deb/ public main" Save it | Ctrl+X, accept the change with "Yes" and press "Enter" Warning : If you have some issues with the updates, probably you are using older versions and you need to perform this follow steps below For pre Debian 10 and Ubuntu 20.04 To enable the Plex Media Server repository only a few terminal commands are required. Open the terminal For non-root users, use the command "sudo " to perform administrative tasks Command: echo deb https://downloads.plex.tv/repo/deb public main | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/plexmediaserver.list Command: curl https://downloads.plex.tv/plex-keys/PlexSign.key | sudo apt-key add - (OPTIONAL) If you don't have the "curl" install it | Command: apt install curl (OPTIONAL) If you get a error about "gnupg" install it | Command: apt install gnupg Update the Repository | Command: apt update Upgrade the Packages | Command: apt upgrade -y 2 Option | using WGET Command: wget -q https://downloads.plex.tv/plex-keys/PlexSign.key -O - | sudo apt-key add - (OPTIONAL) If you don't have the "wget" install it | Command: apt install wget RPM-based distros (Fedora, CentOS, etc.) Inside the RPM package we have silently added a repository configuration file for Plex Media Server to hook up to a repository. To enable the repo, edit /etc/yum.repos.d/plex.repo change line 4 from enabled=0 to enabled=1 It should look like this: [PlexRepo] name=PlexRepo baseurl=https://downloads.plex.tv/repo/rpm/$basearch/ enabled=1 gpgkey=https://downloads.plex.tv/plex-keys/PlexSign.key gpgcheck=1 Once you’ve done that you can then update your Plex Media Server to the current public release Run your update program or |Command: yum update Plex Media Server will automatically get updated too On openSUSE After doing the normal steps for RPM-based distributions, openSUSE users will need to make an additional change: Open the “Software Repositories” app Find the “PlexRepo” entry Set that entry to Enabled and Auto Refresh Zabbix | Monitoring Tool Zabbix is an open-source software tool to monitor IT infrastructure such as networks, servers, virtual machines, and cloud services. Zabbix collects and displays basic metrics. You can check the official documentation for the free installation on: https://www.zabbix.com/download?os_distribution=ubuntu Installing Zabbix on Ubuntu Open the terminal For non-root users, use the command "sudo " to perform administrative tasks Update Repository | Command: apt update Install Zabbix repository Downloading| Command: wget https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/7.0/ubuntu/pool/main/z/zabbix-release/zabbix-release_latest+ubuntu24.04_all.deb Installing | Command: dpkg -i zabbix-release_latest+ubuntu24.04_all.deb Updating | Command: apt update Install Zabbix server, frontend, agent | Command: apt install zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-frontend-php zabbix-apache-conf zabbix-sql-scripts zabbix-agent (Optional) If you don't have the mySQL Check if you have your mySQL up and running | Command: systemctl status mysql If you don't have it. Install it | Command: apt install mysql-server Otherwise, when you try to perform the next step, after the password, you will face this error | Error: ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2) Create Initial Database | Command: mysql -uroot -p Password: password It will open the mysql command line. Use these lines one by one mysql> create database zabbix character set utf8mb4 collate utf8mb4_bin; mysql> create user zabbix@localhost identified by 'password'; mysql> grant all privileges on zabbix.* to zabbix@localhost; mysql> set global log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1; mysql> quit; Import initial schema and data | Command: zcat /usr/share/zabbix-sql-scripts/mysql/server.sql.gz | mysql --default-character-set=utf8mb4 -uzabbix -p zabbix Password: password The screen it will stop for a few minutes. Wait until the command line appears again Disable log_bin_trust_function_creators option after importing database schema | Command: mysql -uroot -p Password: password It will open the mysql command line. Use these lines one by one mysql> set global log_bin_trust_function_creators = 0; mysql> quit; Configure the database for Zabbix server | Command: nano /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf Insert this line in the right place. You will find the password commented below the user | Line: DBPassword=password If you skip this step, when you login, you will face this web warning | Warning: zabbix server is not running Start Zabbix server and agent processes Restart | Command: systemctl restart zabbix-server zabbix-agent apache2 Enable | Command: systemctl enable zabbix-server zabbix-agent apache2 Starting with Zabbix Open your Browser and access | URL: http:///zabbix Example: http://192.168.1.100/zabbix (Optional) When you choose the language and face an issue, try these steps (This example is for en_US Language) Check the language | Command: localectl Install Locales | Command: apt install locales Choose the language | Command: locale-gen en_US.UTF-8 Select the language | Command: localectl set-locale LANG=en_US.UTF-8 Reboot the system | Command: reboot Choose your User and Password Finish the initial setup References: Microsoft (www.microsoft.com ); GitHub (github.com ); Proxmox (www.proxmox.com )